This document provides medical guidelines and treatment recommendations for various conditions. It includes summaries of treatments for head lacerations, skin conditions like dandruff and eczema, hair loss, fungal infections, bacterial infections, burns, ENT issues, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal issues, genitourinary infections, cardiovascular conditions, allergies, vertigo, and gynecological/obstetric concerns. For each condition, it lists recommended medications, dosages, and treatment durations.
Also known as GP note, "Pol" note, PP note
Medical students/ pre-interns/ Family physicians use various notes to guide their general practice at the begining, specially drug doses, common treatments for common diseases etc. These "guides" have been used by many seniors but need to be careful revision before prescribing. Hope to update once I go through them completely.
Candid (Clotrimazole 1% Topical Cream) is used to treat fungal skin infections such as ringworm,
athlete’s foot, fungal nappy rash and fungal sweat rash.
Diabetes Mellitus- Case Presentaion by Jayesh Anil MahirraoJayesh Mahirrao
This presentation is made especially for B. Pharm. level. It is based on the study of diabetic patient. It mainly focuses on medications and their mechanisms.
Also known as GP note, "Pol" note, PP note
Medical students/ pre-interns/ Family physicians use various notes to guide their general practice at the begining, specially drug doses, common treatments for common diseases etc. These "guides" have been used by many seniors but need to be careful revision before prescribing. Hope to update once I go through them completely.
Candid (Clotrimazole 1% Topical Cream) is used to treat fungal skin infections such as ringworm,
athlete’s foot, fungal nappy rash and fungal sweat rash.
Diabetes Mellitus- Case Presentaion by Jayesh Anil MahirraoJayesh Mahirrao
This presentation is made especially for B. Pharm. level. It is based on the study of diabetic patient. It mainly focuses on medications and their mechanisms.
Pharmacological Classification, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Uses, Administration Routes, Dosing for Adults and Pediatrics, Pharmacokinetics, Dose Adjustments, Patient Counseling, Adverse Effects, Drug Interactions, Contraindications, Personal Experience with Ondansetron, Future Clinical Uses of Ondansetron
Angina pectoris is a syndrome characterized by sudden severe pressing substernal chest pain or heaviness radiating to the neck, jaw, back and arms.
Those drugs used to prevent, abort or terminate angina are anti angina drugs.
3rd Edition Pediatrics Emergency And Medications Doses By Dr Essam Sidqi.pdfEssam Sidqi Yaqoob
3rd Edition and Most Updated Version.
Pediatrics medications doses and its emergency related cases were always problematic for new junior doctors.
I hope with this new update, I tried to make it much simpler and much easier to be accessed quickly in emergencies to reach its maximum benefits.
Any comment or recommendation is welcomed.
Thank you.
Dr. Essam Sidqi
August 2023
Edits:
Dopamine Amp.
200mg/5ml, 400mg/10ml
1-5mcg/kg/min.
Then 5-20mcg/kg/min.
(Max. 50mcg/kg/min.)
5cc + 45 D5%
0.015-0.08cc/kg/hr.
Then 0.08-0.3cc/kg/hr.
(Max.0.75cc/kg/hr.)
Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the Cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT1 receptor. Each 10 mg film-coated Loctril tablet contains 10.4 mg Montelukast sodium, which is equivalent to 10 mg of Montelukast.
T-Bact Topical Ointment (Generic Mupirocin Calcium Ointment) is used to treat infections on your skin in small cuts, sutured wounds, wounds or on scraped skin. It is also used for the topical treatment of impetigo due to susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Also known as GP note, "Pol" note, PP note
Medical students/ pre-interns/ Family physicians use various notes to guide their general practice at the begining, specially drug doses, common treatments for common diseases etc. These "guides" have been used by many seniors but need to be careful revision before prescribing. Hope to update once I go through them completely.
Medical students/ pre-interns/ Family physicians use various notes to guide their general practice at the begining, specially drug doses, common treatments for common diseases etc. These "guides" have been used by many seniors but need to be careful revision before prescribing. Hope to update once I go through them completely.
Pharmacological Classification, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Uses, Administration Routes, Dosing for Adults and Pediatrics, Pharmacokinetics, Dose Adjustments, Patient Counseling, Adverse Effects, Drug Interactions, Contraindications, Personal Experience with Ondansetron, Future Clinical Uses of Ondansetron
Angina pectoris is a syndrome characterized by sudden severe pressing substernal chest pain or heaviness radiating to the neck, jaw, back and arms.
Those drugs used to prevent, abort or terminate angina are anti angina drugs.
3rd Edition Pediatrics Emergency And Medications Doses By Dr Essam Sidqi.pdfEssam Sidqi Yaqoob
3rd Edition and Most Updated Version.
Pediatrics medications doses and its emergency related cases were always problematic for new junior doctors.
I hope with this new update, I tried to make it much simpler and much easier to be accessed quickly in emergencies to reach its maximum benefits.
Any comment or recommendation is welcomed.
Thank you.
Dr. Essam Sidqi
August 2023
Edits:
Dopamine Amp.
200mg/5ml, 400mg/10ml
1-5mcg/kg/min.
Then 5-20mcg/kg/min.
(Max. 50mcg/kg/min.)
5cc + 45 D5%
0.015-0.08cc/kg/hr.
Then 0.08-0.3cc/kg/hr.
(Max.0.75cc/kg/hr.)
Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the Cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT1 receptor. Each 10 mg film-coated Loctril tablet contains 10.4 mg Montelukast sodium, which is equivalent to 10 mg of Montelukast.
T-Bact Topical Ointment (Generic Mupirocin Calcium Ointment) is used to treat infections on your skin in small cuts, sutured wounds, wounds or on scraped skin. It is also used for the topical treatment of impetigo due to susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Also known as GP note, "Pol" note, PP note
Medical students/ pre-interns/ Family physicians use various notes to guide their general practice at the begining, specially drug doses, common treatments for common diseases etc. These "guides" have been used by many seniors but need to be careful revision before prescribing. Hope to update once I go through them completely.
Medical students/ pre-interns/ Family physicians use various notes to guide their general practice at the begining, specially drug doses, common treatments for common diseases etc. These "guides" have been used by many seniors but need to be careful revision before prescribing. Hope to update once I go through them completely.
Skin pigmentation and its homeopathic treatmentShewta shetty
"Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
Fungal infection of the scalp characterized by scaling and patchy alopecia (hair loss).
The disease is primarily one of childhood.
Distribution is worldwide.
Transmission –person to person, from soil or infected animals
Griseofulvin – 10-15mg/kg/d for 6-8 weeks
(due to increase in resistant most recommend increasing to 20-25mg/kg/d for 6 weeks)
On average: <1year 125mg qd
1-5 yrs 187mg qd
6-12 yrs 250-375mg qd
Take after fatty meal
If a kerion is present- Terbinafine for 6 weeks
On average: <20Kg 62.5mg qd
20-40mg 125mg qd
>40mg 250mg qd
Pediatric Emergency & Medications Doses By Dr Essam SidqiEssam Sidqi Yaqoob
Pediatrics medications doses and its emergency related cases were always problematic..
I hope with this presentation, it be much simpler and much more beneficial and easier to be accessed quickly in emergencies.
Anatomy of the breast for medical/dental students. This presentation also contains MCQs to test your knowledge as well as clinical scenario to apply your knowledge.
The original teachings of Jesus Christ were an outcome of
Buddhism, says Holger Kersten, a German theology teacher.
Hence one of the titles of the chapters in his book, "The
Original Jesus" (sub-titled 'Buddhist sources of Christianity') is 'Jesus the Buddhist'!
Examination of lower limb in neurology-Short case approach for Final MBBSYapa
Examination of lower limb in neurology-medicine short case approach.
This document was prepared based on the teachings of Dr.Kahathuduwa.
Fonts in blue indicate sample way of presenting the case.
By: Ajaan Mahā Boowa Ñānasampanno
Translated by: Ajaan Paññāvaddho
A senior disciple of Ajaan Mun, Ajaan Khao Anālayo was one of the foremost meditation masters of our time. He always preferred to practice in remote, secluded locations and with such single-minded resolve that his diligence in that respect was unrivaled among his peers in the circle of Thai forest monks. In his frequent encounters with wild animals, Ajaan Khao exhibited a special affinity for elephants.
“The Gift of Dhamma Excels All Other Gifts”
—The Lord Buddha
Dhamma should not be sold like goods in the market place.
Permission to reproduce this publication in any way for free distribution,as a gift of Dhamma, is hereby granted and
no further permission need be obtained.
Reproduction in any way for commercial gain is strictly prohibited.
By: Ajaan Mahā Boowa Ñānasampanno
Translated by: Thānissaro Bhikkhu
This collection of talks was originally given for the benefit of a lay disciple who had come to Ajaan Maha Boowa’s monastery to receive his guidance as she faced her approaching death from bone marrow cancer. These talks offer important lessons about how to learn from pain, illness and death, by seeing through to their ultimate nature and detaching the mind from the suffering associated with them.
“The Gift of Dhamma Excels All Other Gifts”
—The Lord Buddha
Dhamma should not be sold like goods in the market place.
Permission to reproduce this publication in any way for free distribution,as a gift of Dhamma, is hereby granted and
no further permission need be obtained.
Reproduction in any way for commercial gain is strictly prohibited.
By: Ajaan Mahā Boowa Ñānasampanno
Translated by: Thānissaro Bhikkhu
This book is a guide for integrating Buddhist practice into daily life. The contents were drawn from talks which Ajaan Mahā Boowa gave over the years to various groups of lay people – students, civil servants, those new to the practice and those more experienced. In each case he has adapted his style and strategy to suit the needs of his listeners. Though most talks emphasize the more basic levels of practice, they in truth cover all levels.
“The Gift of Dhamma Excels All Other Gifts”
—The Lord Buddha
Dhamma should not be sold like goods in the market place.
Permission to reproduce this publication in any way for free distribution,as a gift of Dhamma, is hereby granted and
no further permission need be obtained.
Reproduction in any way for commercial gain is strictly prohibited.
Arahattamagga-arahattaphala: The Path to ArahantshipYapa
By: Ajaan Mahā Boowa Ñānasampanno
Translated by: Ajaan Dick Sīlaratano
Arahattamagga is a compilation of Ajaan Mahā Boowa’s Dhamma talks giving an in-depth analysis of his own path of practice. It describes the entire range of his meditation, from the beginning stages all the way to the final transcendence. We realize that such exalted attainments are not merely remnants of ancient history, dead and dry – but a living, luminous legacy of self-transcendence accessible to any individual who is willing and able to put forth the effort needed to achieve them.
“The Gift of Dhamma Excels All Other Gifts”
—The Lord Buddha
Dhamma should not be sold like goods in the market place.
Permission to reproduce this publication in any way for free distribution,as a gift of Dhamma, is hereby granted and
no further permission need be obtained.
Reproduction in any way for commercial gain is strictly prohibited.
By: Ajaan Mahā Boowa Ñānasampanno
Translated by: Ajaan Paññāvaddho
Forest Dhamma was the first book published containing English translations of Ajaan Mahā Boowa’s discourses on the practice of Dhamma. In it are presented most of his basic teachings on meditation. The talks in this collection deal with practical aspects of meditation, and particularly with the development of wisdom in the light of fundamental principles of truth.
“The Gift of Dhamma Excels All Other Gifts”
—The Lord Buddha
Dhamma should not be sold like goods in the market place.
Permission to reproduce this publication in any way for free distribution,as a gift of Dhamma, is hereby granted and
no further permission need be obtained.
Reproduction in any way for commercial gain is strictly prohibited.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Guide to private practice in medicine note 4
1. Guide to private practice in medicine- note 4
Head
Laceration
Remove hair
And particle with sprit + betadine
Ciprofloxacin 250 mg bd
Cloxacillin 500mg bd
+ pain killer
PCM 1g + diclofenac sodium 50mg/ mefenamic acid 500mg
Dress every other day
Remove suture 8 day
If nausea, vomiting - admit or take xray
Do not give sedative, advice not to take alcohol
Skin condition
Dandruff
2% ketocanazole
Micoral or nisoral or keto plus
2 times per week without touching eye
In case of seborrhoeic dermatitis-
1% hydrocortisone cream LA
10% cetrimide shampoo
Hair loss
Multi vitamin
Anemidox 1 tab nocte
Zincoper syrup 1 tsp bd - adult 2 tsp bd
Co vit - m 1 capsule nocte - 3 months
Fungal infection
2. Malasessia furfur
Generalized - itrakanozole 200mg capsule nocte 14 days
Dnt give to pregnant, lactating women, male fertile expecting
Local
Micanazole
Micral cream
Cotrimazole - candid b
2 times perday until disappear + after 1 week
Eczema + fungal infection
Betamethasone + neomycine + micanazole.. - beclomine
Beclazone - c - betamethasone + antifungal
Beclazone - n - betamethasone + neomycine - for infected eczema
Oinment good absorption for resistant cases
Groin itch
Candid b
Above combination cream
Treat family or contacts
Eczema
Dry eczema - steroid cream
Hydrocortisone - mild
Betamethasone - moderate
Powercoat cream - plobstone propionate - potent
Apply 2 times for a week
Betamethasone cream + remove the cause + Dexamethasone or prednisilone 5mg bd - 1 bd
Pritone 1/2 mane + 1 nocte
3. Non sedative
Cetrizine / levo cetrizine / phenagen 1/2 bd 5mg
Wet eczema - power coat cream + antibiotic
Ciprofloxacine dnt give for children <12 years
Ciprofloxacin - 500mg bd
Or 250 mg bd
Cefuroxime, Ciprofloxacin - bd
Cloxacillin, cephalexine, erythromycin - 6 hrly
Amoxicillin, clavulonic acid - tds
Nail bed infection
Antifungal solution - candid b - 2drop + antihistamin + pain killer + if infected - antibiotic
Or 200mg itrakanazole 14 days nocte
Ring block and remove the nail + tetanus toxoid
Bacterial infection
Abscess
Pain killer + antibiotic
Cut in cross with lignocaine
No suture
Put a betadine pack
Dress everyother day
Scabies
Lindane solution - 3 consecutive days
3% sulfa nocte 3 consecutive days. avoid mucosa
Antihistamine
Antibiotic
Treat other Children <2yr
Warts - duofilm - 1 time nocte only above the wart but not near to eye
If have to go for skin clinic - liquid nitogen
4. Callosities
Salicilic acid patch - corn plast (40% w/w salicylic acid)
Leave in place until it starts to detach.
Cut - give lignocaine around
Dress every other day
Pain killer
If infected, Toxoid /Antibiotic
Pimples
Antibiotic - 7 days - ciprofloxacillin/ doxycycline
Wash face before sleep
Isotrexin - 10mg - nocte
Eudiana - only in night
Burn
Dry skin
Emoderm
Quadril
Feet cleft
Emoderm
Muscle cramp
Vitamin E 200mg - nocte 1 month
Polybion
Saline wash
Apply lignocaine gel over the burn
Silverine - silver sulpha diazine apply
Vaslin gauze
Diazepam
Pain killers
Antibiotic
Dressing every other day
Toxoid
ENT
Wax
Insect - put water 10cc syringe - butterfly
Crocodile forcep
Ear wash
Waxsol - 3 days consequtly come 4th day
5. Eye
Conjuctivitis
Chloramphenicol eyedrop 1 drop 6hrly 5 days
Gentamicin eye drop - metamycin
Antihistamine - phenagan/ mefenamic acid
Dexanel - neomycin + dexamethasone - inflammatory eye condition
Nose
Nasal bleeding
RTI
Upper RTI
Adult
Antibiotic
Ciprofloxacin , cefalexine, cefuroxime
Azithromycin, clarythromycin
Mouth wash - betadine -( 10ml betadine + 60 ml water)
1 tsp + 1 cup water - 3 times per day
Pain killer
PCM 1g tds
Mefenamic acid or diclofenac sodium
Cough -dexamethasone / prednisilone + Deryphyllin - 150mg SR bd / salbutamol
Piriton 1/2 mane + 1 nocte
Children syrup
Piriton syrup - 5mg in 5ml tsp
Salbutamol - 4mg in 5ml
Deryphyllin - 50mg in 5ml
Phenagon - 5mg in 5ml