Introduction to prostate cancer
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Radiosurgery New York has over a decade of experience treating prostate cancer, with data on over 2,000 men showing high cancer control rates and survival outcomes comparable to major cancer centers. Their unique treatment approach using stereotactic radiosurgery and brachytherapy seeds provides an alternative to surgery or conventional radiation that may offer better quality of life outcomes. Interested individuals can contact Radiosurgery New York directly or attend their free monthly seminars to learn more about treatment options for prostate cancer, including reviewing an informational booklet and video.
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1) A study called PIVOT compared radical prostatectomy to observation in men with early stage prostate cancer over 12 years and found no significant difference in mortality. An extended follow up of PIVOT over 20 years still found no significant difference in all-cause or prostate cancer mortality between the two groups.
2) Absolute differences in mortality risk increased slightly over time but remained small, with less than a 6 percentage point difference in all-cause mortality and 4 percentage points for prostate cancer mortality. Surgery was associated with less disease progression but most progression was asymptomatic.
3) The study concludes that radical prostatectomy was not associated with significantly lower mortality compared to observation over 20 years. Death from prostate cancer was very uncommon
CRYOTHERAPY SALVAGE OF RADIATED PROSTATE
Cryotherapy, or freezing treatment, can be used as a salvage therapy for prostate cancer patients whose disease recurs after radiation treatment. The analysis found that patients who underwent cryotherapy after radiation had better outcomes if they had a pre-cryotherapy PSA level below 10 and a Gleason score less than or equal to 8. There was a 74% two-year disease-free survival rate for patients meeting these criteria compared to lower rates for patients with higher PSA levels or Gleason scores. Additionally, patients who only received radiation prior to cryotherapy had better outcomes than those who also received hormonal therapy. Cryotherapy may cure a subset of patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation, but is associated with significant side effects.
ca prostate by Dr. Musaib Mushtaq.ppt
This document discusses the management of intermediate and high risk prostate cancer. It begins by providing background on prostate cancer epidemiology and risk stratification. It then covers various treatment options including observation, active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy. Several studies comparing the efficacy of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy with short or long-term ADT are summarized. For intermediate risk prostate cancer, the document recommends 4-6 months of ADT with radiotherapy based on trial results. For high risk prostate cancer, 2-3 years of ADT with radiotherapy is recommended.
Pros and cons of prostate cancer screening by mungai ngugi
1) Prostate cancer screening can have both benefits and harms. While screening may help reduce mortality by detecting cancer early, it can also lead to overdiagnosis and false positive results that cause unnecessary biopsies and treatments with side effects.
2) Guidelines from organizations like the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and American Urological Association recommend shared decision making for men ages 55-69, as screening in this group balances a potential reduction in mortality with known harms. Screening is not routinely advised for men under 40 or over 70.
3) Trials show screening every 2 years may preserve benefits of screening while reducing overdiagnosis and false positives compared to annual screening. However,
Medco CE - Prostate Cancer
This document provides an overview and updates on prostate cancer pharmacotherapies. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the prostate, risk factors for prostate cancer like diet and genetics, screening methods including PSA tests and digital rectal exams, diagnostic workup involving imaging and biopsies, tumor staging using Gleason scores and TNM classification, and treatment strategies at different stages including radiation, surgery, and hormone therapies. Controversies around PSA screening and increasing legal risks for failure to diagnose are also reviewed.
Mon 8-00 Prostate Cancer Screening in the Post-USPSTF Era_0.pptx
This document discusses prostate cancer screening and recommendations. It begins with a case presentation of a 54-year-old man before discussing the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against PSA screening. It then reviews the goals of cancer screening, basics of PSA testing and prostate cancer, impact of the Task Force, and ways to improve screening through risk stratification using newer biomarkers, imaging, and genetic profiling to avoid overdiagnosis while identifying high-risk cancers.
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Brachytherapy temporary vs permanent seed placement
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More from Gil Lederman
Learning about prostate cancer by example
This document presents the case study of a 65-year-old man diagnosed with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy surgery despite warnings from the author about its risks and limited success rates. The surgery found the cancer had a higher Gleason score than initially detected and had spread beyond the prostate. As a result, the man lost sexual function and faces a high risk of cancer recurrence. The author argues radiation therapy could have achieved better outcomes for this patient based on their superior data for cancer-free survival and sexual function preservation. The case highlights the importance of fully investigating all treatment options before making decisions.
Introduction to sarcomas
Sarcomas are cancers of connective tissues that are often deep in the body and difficult to fully remove using standard surgery and radiation therapy. Fractionated high-dose stereotactic radiosurgery has shown promise in controlling sarcomas with an 80% control rate in the treated area, reducing or eliminating tumor growth. An expert panel reviews cases weekly at radiosurgery conferences to evaluate patients for stereotactic radiosurgery treatment and will need current medical images and reports.
Introduction to the treatment of metastases
Metastases are areas of cancer that have spread to different sites than the original tumor through means like blood vessels or lymph nodes. While other treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are often used for tumor metastases, they have significant failure rates. Stereotactic body radiosurgery allows treatment of metastases anywhere in the body with high success rates by targeting the cancer precisely using sophisticated technology in a non-invasive, fractionated manner. The vast majority of metastatic cancers treated with stereotactic body radiosurgery are controlled or the patient's life is extended, unlike chemotherapy which often has recurrence even if not fully successful.
Introduction to lung cancers
This document discusses lung cancer treatments available at Radiosurgery New York. It offers stereotactic body radiosurgery to focus high doses of radiation on lung cancers while minimizing dose to healthy tissue. This allows increased doses for improved local tumor control and better survival outcomes. It also provides re-radiation for cancers that were not fully treated by other methods, with the greatest experience in chest re-radiation worldwide. Physicians there treat both small cell and non-small cell lung cancers, including recurrent or metastatic disease resistant to prior therapies, with local tumor control rates of 80-90% in treated areas.
Head and neck cancers
This document discusses treatment options for head and neck cancers using fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery. The author presented data on 127 patients treated with this approach between 1993-2002, showing overall 84% tumor control. Control rates were highest for glomus cancers (100%) and paranasal sinus cancers (92%). Median survival was 19.2 months. Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery offers a non-invasive option for head and neck cancer treatment and can be used in patients who have had previous radiation, surgery or chemotherapy. It provides high tumor control rates and spares healthy tissues from radiation.
Fractionated radiosurgery for low grade astrocytomas
1. A study evaluated 143 patients with grade II astrocytomas who received fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy. Sixty percent underwent radiation after biopsy or surgery, while 39% received it at relapse.
2. Overall survival was 58% at 5 years and 50% at 8 years. Sixty percent experienced relapse, usually in the high dose radiation area. Toxicity was mild.
3. Quality of life, as measured by Karnofsky performance scores, improved in most patients after radiation. Motor deficits and headaches decreased. The study found that contrast enhancement before radiation was the only significant predictor of outcome.
Fractionated radiosurgery for brain metastases
Brain metastases are cancer cells that have spread to the brain from other parts of the body. Traditionally, whole brain radiation has been used to treat brain metastases, but this risks damaging healthy brain tissue. Stereotactic radiosurgery directs precise beams of radiation at tumor sites and reduces radiation exposure to normal brain tissue. A recent study evaluated fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery, delivering the radiation in multiple lower doses, in treating 24 patients with 28 brain metastases. Patients tolerated the treatment well and remained outpatients after treatment. Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery allows for treatment of single or multiple metastases while better protecting healthy brain tissue compared to single-dose radiosurgery.
Fractionated radiosurgery for low grade astrocytomas
1. A study evaluated 143 patients with grade II astrocytomas who received fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy. Sixty percent underwent radiation after biopsy or surgery, while 39% received it at relapse.
2. Overall survival was 58% at 5 years and 50% at 8 years. Sixty percent experienced relapse, usually in the high dose radiation area. Toxicity was mild in most patients.
3. Quality of life, as measured by Karnofsky performance scores, improved in most patients after radiation. Pre-treatment contrast enhancement on scans was the only significant predictor of disease-free and overall survival.
Fractionated radiosurgery for brain metastases
Brain metastases are cancer cells that have spread to the brain from other parts of the body. Traditionally, whole brain radiation has been used to treat brain metastases, but this risks damaging healthy brain tissue. Stereotactic radiosurgery directs precise beams of radiation at tumor sites and reduces radiation exposure to normal brain tissue. A recent study evaluated fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery, delivering the radiation in multiple lower doses, in treating 24 patients with 28 brain metastases. Patients tolerated the treatment well and remained outpatients after treatment. Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery allows for treatment of single or multiple metastases while better protecting healthy brain tissue compared to single-dose radiosurgery.
Family members and prostate brachytherapy
This study measured radiation exposure to family members living with patients who underwent prostate brachytherapy using iodine-125 or palladium-103 seeds. Meters were worn by patients and household members for 3 weeks after implantation to measure radiation levels. The results showed very low radiation exposure for family members, with levels well below limits set by the NRC. Spouses of patients received on average 0.10 mSv of exposure from iodine seeds and 0.02 mSv from palladium seeds. The study demonstrates that radiation exposure to family from brachytherapy is minimal and should not be a major factor in treatment decisions.
Evaluating cancer in twins
This study analyzed cancer rates in twins from Swedish, Danish, and Finnish twin registries to determine the effects of genetics and environment on cancer risk. The researchers found that identical twins were more likely to both develop the same type of cancer than non-identical twins, showing a genetic influence. However, most twin pairs did not both develop cancer, indicating environmental factors play a larger role than genetics for most cancers. The study estimated that genetics accounted for 28% of stomach cancer risk, 35% of colorectal cancer risk, and 27% of breast cancer risk, while environment had a greater influence on other cancer types. The results suggest genetics plays a role in some cancers but environment is the primary driver of cancer risk in the population.
European questions about vestibular schwannomas
1) European patients treated for vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas) by Radiosurgery New York were forming social groups and asking questions about treatment options and results.
2) Vestibular schwannomas are benign tumors of the 8th cranial nerve that are becoming more commonly diagnosed due to improved MRI availability. Common early symptoms include hearing loss and tinnitus.
3) Treatment options discussed include gamma knife radiosurgery, fractionated radiosurgery using a re-locatable non-invasive head frame, proton beam radiosurgery, and surgery. The author argues fractionated radiosurgery using low doses and a non-invasive head frame provides high success
Esophageal cancer
Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed when a person experiences difficulty swallowing. A physician will typically perform an endoscopy to examine the esophagus. Common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, but survival rates are modest at 5-20% after 5 years even with surgery. A study of 304 patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation before possible surgery found a 25.7% complete response rate and 45.9% partial response rate. For patients who underwent surgery after responding to treatment, the 5-year survival rate was 40% compared to 25% for non-surgical patients. The authors conclude that aggressive pre-operative chemoradiation may improve outcomes but also increase toxicity, and recommend intensifying post-operative treatment instead.
Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
This document discusses ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a pre-invasive breast cancer. It notes a significant increase in DCIS diagnoses between 1983 and 1992 according to a recent study. While mammography allows for early detection of these small lesions, it is unclear if treatment extends life expectancy. Treatment for DCIS has changed over the past decade, with fewer women undergoing mastectomy. However, rates of treatment vary significantly across regions of the United States. Survival rates for women diagnosed with DCIS between 1983 and 1991 were higher than expected, possibly because DCIS patients are less likely to die from other causes during follow-up periods. Concerns remain about overdiagnosis and overtreatment, especially in younger women. Deter
COMPARISON OF SINGLE FRACTION VERSUS FRACTIONATED RADIOSURGERY FOR ACOUSTIC N...
The document compares single fraction radiosurgery to fractionated radiosurgery for treating acoustic neuromas. A study from Tokyo using single fraction radiosurgery found high rates of complications like deafness, facial paralysis, and trigeminal neuropathy in treated patients. The author's method of fractionated radiosurgery has shown fewer complications and better preservation of hearing compared to single fraction treatment. Fractionated radiosurgery also allows for larger tumor sizes to be treated and offers protection of normal brain tissues through its use of multiple lower doses over time rather than a single high dose. Long-term follow up is still needed but fractionated radiosurgery appears to be better than single fraction or surgery based on interim
Colonoscopy to find colon cancer in asymptomatic adult
Colonoscopy is a procedure that allows direct visualization of the colon to screen for colon cancer. A recent large study found that colonoscopy identified pre-cancerous polyps and early-stage colon cancers in 37.5% of asymptomatic men who underwent the procedure. While generally safe, serious complications occurred in 0.3% of patients. The study concluded that colonoscopy screening can detect advanced lesions that may be treatable, and that over half of advanced cancers in the upper colon would be missed by less invasive sigmoidoscopy screening. Colonoscopy appears to be a generally safe and effective screening tool for colon cancer in asymptomatic adults.
Choosing effective therapy for bone metastases
Bone metastases occur when cancer spreads to the bone via the bloodstream. A study analyzed the effectiveness of radiation therapy after surgery for cancers that have metastasized to the bone. The study found that patients who received both surgery and post-operative radiation therapy to stabilize the bone were more likely to return to functional status compared to patients who only received surgery. Specifically, 53% of patients who received both surgery and radiation achieved good functional status, compared to only 11.5% of patients who only received surgery. The combination of surgery and radiation also significantly increased survival time compared to surgery alone.
Chemotherapy for lung cancer
Chemotherapy is frequently used to treat lung cancer, especially when it has spread. For small cell lung cancer, also called oat cell cancer, chemotherapy alone or with radiation is used depending on whether the cancer is limited or extensive stage. A study compared the standard CAV/EP chemotherapy regimen to the more intensive CODE regimen for extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients. While the CODE regimen produced higher response rates, it also resulted in unacceptable toxicity with 8 patients dying from treatment-related causes, compared to no deaths for the standard regimen. The researchers concluded that standard regimens causing mild suppression are as effective with less toxicity compared to more intensive regimens for extensive stage small cell lung cancer.
Chemotherapy for lung cancer
Chemotherapy is frequently used to treat lung cancer, especially when it has spread. For small cell lung cancer, also called oat cell cancer, chemotherapy alone or with radiation is used depending on whether the cancer is limited or extensive stage. A study compared the standard CAV/EP chemotherapy regimen to the more intensive CODE regimen for extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients. While the CODE regimen produced higher response rates, it also resulted in unacceptable toxicity with 8 patients dying from treatment-related causes, compared to no deaths for the standard regimen. The researchers concluded that standard regimens causing mild suppression are as effective with less toxicity compared to more intensive regimens for extensive stage small cell lung cancer.
Chemotherapy and melanoma
This document discusses chemotherapy options for treating metastatic melanoma. It summarizes a study that compared the effectiveness of Temozolomide alone or in combination with interferon or thalidomide for metastatic melanoma. The study found that all three regimens were well-tolerated and had comparable efficacy, with combination therapies showing potential for better tumor response and survival. Specifically, the combination of Temozolomide and thalidomide seemed the most promising. However, chemotherapy overall has limited effectiveness for melanoma, responding in only about 14% of patients. Alternative treatment options like radiosurgery are also discussed.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
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- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
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Home
Organization
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
Patellar Instability: Diagnosis Management
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Gene Expression System-viral gene delivery Mpharm(Pharamaceutics)
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
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The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
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Introduction to prostate cancer
- 1. Introduction to Prostate Cancer An important area of our work is the prostate. Our physicians, technology and experience dates back more than a decade with 2,000 men treated. We have five and ten-year comparison data to most every major center in America. For those with prostate cancer our data should be compelling to evaluate regardless of treatment decisions. Many chose treatment with Radiosurgery New York physicians because of our experience as well as our data. Many men wish to avoid the surgery associated with radical prostatectomy or the prolonged course of radiation associated with external radiation or conformal radiation. By suing our unique program of seeds plus fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery, we have high control rates and high cancer-free survival at five and ten years. Also, the quality of life appears to be better than that associated with open surgery. This data is true both for those with low risk- low PSA-low Gleason score cancers, as well as those with high risk cancers. We have a booklet and video exclusively produced for those with prostate cancer and we would encourage you to review this material before making any treatment decisions. You can contact us directly at 212-CHOICES or e-mail questions to GIL.LEDERMAN@RSNY.ORG. Our monthly seminars are option to the public at no charge.