The document discusses various methods for predicting craniofacial growth, including the Hunterian concept, gnomic growth and logarithmic spiral, arcial growth, Moorrees mesh, Johnston's grid, Todd's equation, and visual treatment objectives. It describes how each method uses cephalometric landmarks and averages to forecast future growth and tooth eruption. The goal of growth prediction is to help orthodontists intercept and correct malocclusions and plan treatment duration.
The document discusses various methods for predicting facial growth, including Johnston's grid method, Bjork's structural method, and Fishman's maturational method. It compares the accuracy of short-term and long-term predictions between these methods. While growth prediction remains difficult due to variability, the maturationally oriented Fishman method was found to be generally superior to chronologically based methods like Johnston's grid and Ricketts analysis. No single method can accurately predict growth for all individuals, especially those with extreme growth patterns.
This document discusses various methods for predicting facial growth, including cephalometric methods like Moorrees mesh, Johnston's transformation grid, and Rickett's arcial growth prediction of the mandible. Non-cephalometric methods discussed include logarithmic spiral, Hirschfield and Moyers, and Todd's equation. The need for growth prediction in orthodontic treatment planning and challenges with accuracy are also addressed. The conclusion is that while various methods have been proposed, growth prediction is most reasonable for "average growers" but not "abnormal growers," and an orthodontist's experience is an important additional factor.
This document provides an overview of various methods that have been used for predicting facial growth and development in orthodontics. It discusses early concepts like Hunterian growth theory and Bjork's implant studies showing rotational growth. Methods like Moss' logarithmic spiral concept and Ricketts' arcial growth pattern are explained. Growth prediction grids like Moorrees mesh and Johnston's grid are summarized. The document also mentions Todd's equation for predicting non-linear radial growth and Holdaway's concept of a visualized treatment objective to forecast normal growth and treatment effects.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of principles of facial growth and development, with a focus on mandibular growth rotations. It discusses key concepts such as the amount and timing of growth, assessment of growth, growth of the mandible, and mechanisms of mandibular rotation. Several studies on mandibular growth rotations are summarized, including the seminal work by Bjork in the 1950s using metal implants to track growth sites and directions. Bjork identified seven structural signs that can indicate the direction of mandibular growth. The document also briefly discusses the work of Bjork and Skieller, Proffit, Schudy, and Isaacson related to mandibular growth rotations.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses theories of mandibular growth and the construction bite technique used in orthodontic appliances. It describes several theories of condylar growth including the genetic control theory, functional matrix hypothesis, and lateral pterygoid hyperactivity hypothesis. It also discusses the growth relativity hypothesis. The construction bite is critical for functional appliances to work properly and involves analyzing study models, function, and cephalometrics to determine the proper vertical and horizontal positioning of the mandible. The magnitude of correction depends on factors like the type of malocclusion and developmental state.
The document discusses various methods for predicting facial growth, including Johnston's grid method, Bjork's structural method, and Fishman's maturational method. It compares the accuracy of short-term and long-term predictions between these methods. While growth prediction remains difficult due to variability, the maturationally oriented Fishman method was found to be generally superior to chronologically based methods like Johnston's grid and Ricketts analysis. No single method can accurately predict growth for all individuals, especially those with extreme growth patterns.
This document discusses various methods for predicting facial growth, including cephalometric methods like Moorrees mesh, Johnston's transformation grid, and Rickett's arcial growth prediction of the mandible. Non-cephalometric methods discussed include logarithmic spiral, Hirschfield and Moyers, and Todd's equation. The need for growth prediction in orthodontic treatment planning and challenges with accuracy are also addressed. The conclusion is that while various methods have been proposed, growth prediction is most reasonable for "average growers" but not "abnormal growers," and an orthodontist's experience is an important additional factor.
This document provides an overview of various methods that have been used for predicting facial growth and development in orthodontics. It discusses early concepts like Hunterian growth theory and Bjork's implant studies showing rotational growth. Methods like Moss' logarithmic spiral concept and Ricketts' arcial growth pattern are explained. Growth prediction grids like Moorrees mesh and Johnston's grid are summarized. The document also mentions Todd's equation for predicting non-linear radial growth and Holdaway's concept of a visualized treatment objective to forecast normal growth and treatment effects.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of principles of facial growth and development, with a focus on mandibular growth rotations. It discusses key concepts such as the amount and timing of growth, assessment of growth, growth of the mandible, and mechanisms of mandibular rotation. Several studies on mandibular growth rotations are summarized, including the seminal work by Bjork in the 1950s using metal implants to track growth sites and directions. Bjork identified seven structural signs that can indicate the direction of mandibular growth. The document also briefly discusses the work of Bjork and Skieller, Proffit, Schudy, and Isaacson related to mandibular growth rotations.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses theories of mandibular growth and the construction bite technique used in orthodontic appliances. It describes several theories of condylar growth including the genetic control theory, functional matrix hypothesis, and lateral pterygoid hyperactivity hypothesis. It also discusses the growth relativity hypothesis. The construction bite is critical for functional appliances to work properly and involves analyzing study models, function, and cephalometrics to determine the proper vertical and horizontal positioning of the mandible. The magnitude of correction depends on factors like the type of malocclusion and developmental state.
The document discusses the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index, which is used to evaluate orthodontic treatment outcomes. It was developed through meetings of experienced orthodontists who formulated the index using over 200 pre- and post-treatment cases. The PAR assigns scores to various components like anterior teeth alignment, overjet, overbite, and midline to provide a cumulative score. Treatment results are graded as greatly improved, improved, or no different based on the reduction in PAR scores from pre- to post-treatment. The document then provides detailed descriptions and scoring criteria for each component of the PAR index.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes Bjork's analysis, a method developed by orthodontist Arne Bjork to analyze craniofacial growth and development using lateral cephalograms. It describes Bjork's landmarks, angular and linear measurements used to construct a facial diagram. Bjork conducted studies on Scandinavian children to establish norms for comparison. His analysis helps determine the amount and distribution of facial prognathism based on configurations in the facial diagram.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth predictions /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
“The study of orthodontia is indissolubly connected with that of art as related to the human face.” -Dr. Edward H. Angle.
Each person shares with the rest of the population a great many characteristics, but there are enough differences to make each human being a unique individual. Such limitless variation in the size, shape and relationship of the dental, skeletal and soft tissue facial structures are important in providing each individual with his or her own identity.
Face – Difficult object to measure accurately because of
– complex morphology
– sensitivity to eyes
– its soft nature.
One of goals of orthodontic treatment is creating a balanced & harmonious facial appearance. Craniofacial symmetry is one of the aspect of this harmony. Subject of symmetry or lack of symmetry of human face has been of considerable interest, particularly in the field of Orthodontics. Minor variation is a desirable variation of craniofacial structure which is perceived as esthetically pleasing and has no esthetic or functional significance. Asymmetry becomes important when it affects the function or esthetics of the person.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses different types of headgears used in orthodontic treatment including cervical headgear, high-pull headgear, combination headgear, and headgear attached to the lower jaw. It explains how the position of the outer bow relative to the center of resistance and line of force determines the direction of tooth movement and effects on the occlusal plane. Intrusive, extrusive, clockwise, and counterclockwise moments can be created by adjusting the outer bow position. The timing and indications for different headgear types are also covered.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rakosi's analysis is an important diagnostic tool for planning functional appliance therapy. It involves analyzing three divisions: 1) the facial skeleton, 2) the jaw bones, and 3) the dentoalveolar relationship. Key measurements of the facial skeleton include saddle, articular, and gonial angles which provide information about cranial base orientation and mandibular positioning. Measurements of the jaw bones like SNA, SNB, and inclination angle describe the maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases. Dentoalveolar measurements such as upper and lower incisor angles indicate incisor inclinations. Rakosi's analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue structures for orthodontic
This document discusses various methods for predicting craniofacial growth. It begins by explaining that growth prediction can help orthodontists plan treatment and understand how a patient's malocclusion may change as they grow. It then reviews several common cephalometric methods for growth prediction, including Moss's logarithmic spiral method and Ricketts's arcial growth model. The document provides detailed descriptions of the landmarks and principles underlying these two influential cephalometric methods. Overall, the summary aims to introduce the topic of growth prediction and highlight two important cephalometric approaches.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various methods and appliances for distalizing maxillary molars, including removable and fixed options. Removable appliances discussed include extraoral traction using headgear as well as removable appliances with finger springs or sliding jigs. Fixed appliances discussed include intramaxillary devices like Wilson's 3D appliance as well as intermaxillary appliances like Herbst or Jasper Jumper. Factors like the presence of second molars, skeletal pattern, and growth prognosis must be considered when determining whether molar distalization is indicated.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses Bjork's concept of jaw rotation during growth. It summarizes Bjork's landmark longitudinal study from 1951-1969 that used metal implants to track sites of growth and resorption in the mandible. Bjork observed that the mandible undergoes a downward and backward rotation during growth, with greater growth occurring posteriorly than anteriorly. He classified mandibular rotation patterns into forward and backward types based on the center of rotation. The study provided insights into mandibular growth mechanisms and implications for orthodontic treatment planning.
This document provides an overview of posteroanterior cephalometric analysis. It defines the setup and landmarks used in PA cephalometry. It then summarizes several common PA cephalometric analyses including Ricketts analysis, Grummons analysis, and Grayson analysis. Ricketts analysis measures dental, skeletal, and jaw relationships. Grummons analysis uses planes, volumes, asymmetries, and ratios to compare sides. Grayson analysis constructs midlines in different frontal planes to analyze asymmetry in 3 dimensions.
Visualized Treatment Objective was coined by Holdaway.
A VTO is a cephalometric tracing representing the changes that are expected during treatment (Proffit).
Ricketts defines VTO as a visual plan to forecast the normal growth of the patient and anticipated influences of treatment, to establish individual objectives that are to be achieved for that patient.
The document discusses various techniques for superimposing cephalometric radiographs to evaluate dentofacial changes over time, including superimposing on stable cranial structures, landmarks, and planes to assess overall facial changes, as well as specific methods for analyzing changes in the maxilla, mandible, and dentition. It provides details on landmark identification, validity and reproducibility of techniques, and analyzing treatment effects versus natural growth patterns using methods like Ricketts' eleven factor analysis.
This document discusses myofunctional appliances and the basic principles of myofunctional therapy. It covers topics like normal growth and development of bones, TMJ, muscles and hormones. It describes principles of functional appliances and their role in correcting malocclusion. Different types of functional appliances are listed along with bonding procedures in orthodontics. The document also discusses theories of growth, development of cranial and facial bones, muscles of mastication, TMJ and the effect of muscular force.
This document summarizes postnatal growth of craniofacial structures from birth through adulthood. It discusses growth of the cranial vault, cranial base, nasomaxillary complex, mandible, temporomandibular joint, and oral cavity. Growth occurs through intramembranous and endochondral ossification, displacement of structures, expansion at sutures and synchondroses. Facial growth follows specific patterns and timing, with variability between individuals. Differential growth across structures like rotation of the mandible contributes to facial morphology. Understanding postnatal craniofacial growth is important for orthodontic and orthopedic treatment planning.
The document discusses the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index, which is used to evaluate orthodontic treatment outcomes. It was developed through meetings of experienced orthodontists who formulated the index using over 200 pre- and post-treatment cases. The PAR assigns scores to various components like anterior teeth alignment, overjet, overbite, and midline to provide a cumulative score. Treatment results are graded as greatly improved, improved, or no different based on the reduction in PAR scores from pre- to post-treatment. The document then provides detailed descriptions and scoring criteria for each component of the PAR index.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes Bjork's analysis, a method developed by orthodontist Arne Bjork to analyze craniofacial growth and development using lateral cephalograms. It describes Bjork's landmarks, angular and linear measurements used to construct a facial diagram. Bjork conducted studies on Scandinavian children to establish norms for comparison. His analysis helps determine the amount and distribution of facial prognathism based on configurations in the facial diagram.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth predictions /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
“The study of orthodontia is indissolubly connected with that of art as related to the human face.” -Dr. Edward H. Angle.
Each person shares with the rest of the population a great many characteristics, but there are enough differences to make each human being a unique individual. Such limitless variation in the size, shape and relationship of the dental, skeletal and soft tissue facial structures are important in providing each individual with his or her own identity.
Face – Difficult object to measure accurately because of
– complex morphology
– sensitivity to eyes
– its soft nature.
One of goals of orthodontic treatment is creating a balanced & harmonious facial appearance. Craniofacial symmetry is one of the aspect of this harmony. Subject of symmetry or lack of symmetry of human face has been of considerable interest, particularly in the field of Orthodontics. Minor variation is a desirable variation of craniofacial structure which is perceived as esthetically pleasing and has no esthetic or functional significance. Asymmetry becomes important when it affects the function or esthetics of the person.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses different types of headgears used in orthodontic treatment including cervical headgear, high-pull headgear, combination headgear, and headgear attached to the lower jaw. It explains how the position of the outer bow relative to the center of resistance and line of force determines the direction of tooth movement and effects on the occlusal plane. Intrusive, extrusive, clockwise, and counterclockwise moments can be created by adjusting the outer bow position. The timing and indications for different headgear types are also covered.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rakosi's analysis is an important diagnostic tool for planning functional appliance therapy. It involves analyzing three divisions: 1) the facial skeleton, 2) the jaw bones, and 3) the dentoalveolar relationship. Key measurements of the facial skeleton include saddle, articular, and gonial angles which provide information about cranial base orientation and mandibular positioning. Measurements of the jaw bones like SNA, SNB, and inclination angle describe the maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases. Dentoalveolar measurements such as upper and lower incisor angles indicate incisor inclinations. Rakosi's analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue structures for orthodontic
This document discusses various methods for predicting craniofacial growth. It begins by explaining that growth prediction can help orthodontists plan treatment and understand how a patient's malocclusion may change as they grow. It then reviews several common cephalometric methods for growth prediction, including Moss's logarithmic spiral method and Ricketts's arcial growth model. The document provides detailed descriptions of the landmarks and principles underlying these two influential cephalometric methods. Overall, the summary aims to introduce the topic of growth prediction and highlight two important cephalometric approaches.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various methods and appliances for distalizing maxillary molars, including removable and fixed options. Removable appliances discussed include extraoral traction using headgear as well as removable appliances with finger springs or sliding jigs. Fixed appliances discussed include intramaxillary devices like Wilson's 3D appliance as well as intermaxillary appliances like Herbst or Jasper Jumper. Factors like the presence of second molars, skeletal pattern, and growth prognosis must be considered when determining whether molar distalization is indicated.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses Bjork's concept of jaw rotation during growth. It summarizes Bjork's landmark longitudinal study from 1951-1969 that used metal implants to track sites of growth and resorption in the mandible. Bjork observed that the mandible undergoes a downward and backward rotation during growth, with greater growth occurring posteriorly than anteriorly. He classified mandibular rotation patterns into forward and backward types based on the center of rotation. The study provided insights into mandibular growth mechanisms and implications for orthodontic treatment planning.
This document provides an overview of posteroanterior cephalometric analysis. It defines the setup and landmarks used in PA cephalometry. It then summarizes several common PA cephalometric analyses including Ricketts analysis, Grummons analysis, and Grayson analysis. Ricketts analysis measures dental, skeletal, and jaw relationships. Grummons analysis uses planes, volumes, asymmetries, and ratios to compare sides. Grayson analysis constructs midlines in different frontal planes to analyze asymmetry in 3 dimensions.
Visualized Treatment Objective was coined by Holdaway.
A VTO is a cephalometric tracing representing the changes that are expected during treatment (Proffit).
Ricketts defines VTO as a visual plan to forecast the normal growth of the patient and anticipated influences of treatment, to establish individual objectives that are to be achieved for that patient.
The document discusses various techniques for superimposing cephalometric radiographs to evaluate dentofacial changes over time, including superimposing on stable cranial structures, landmarks, and planes to assess overall facial changes, as well as specific methods for analyzing changes in the maxilla, mandible, and dentition. It provides details on landmark identification, validity and reproducibility of techniques, and analyzing treatment effects versus natural growth patterns using methods like Ricketts' eleven factor analysis.
This document discusses myofunctional appliances and the basic principles of myofunctional therapy. It covers topics like normal growth and development of bones, TMJ, muscles and hormones. It describes principles of functional appliances and their role in correcting malocclusion. Different types of functional appliances are listed along with bonding procedures in orthodontics. The document also discusses theories of growth, development of cranial and facial bones, muscles of mastication, TMJ and the effect of muscular force.
This document summarizes postnatal growth of craniofacial structures from birth through adulthood. It discusses growth of the cranial vault, cranial base, nasomaxillary complex, mandible, temporomandibular joint, and oral cavity. Growth occurs through intramembranous and endochondral ossification, displacement of structures, expansion at sutures and synchondroses. Facial growth follows specific patterns and timing, with variability between individuals. Differential growth across structures like rotation of the mandible contributes to facial morphology. Understanding postnatal craniofacial growth is important for orthodontic and orthopedic treatment planning.
This document discusses various methods for assessing growth and predicting growth, including chronological age, biological age, skeletal age, and dental age. It describes techniques for growth measurement like anthropometry, craniometry, cephalometrics, 3D imaging, and histological approaches. Specific indicators of skeletal maturity that are discussed include the hand-wrist, cervical vertebrae, frontal sinus, and mid-palatal suture. The optimal timing of orthodontic treatment is emphasized to coincide with peaks in facial growth.
1. Pediatric cranio-facial fractures are increasingly common due to rising trauma rates.
2. Proper emergency management of airway, breathing, and circulation is essential.
3. Diagnosis requires various imaging methods like CT scans to properly evaluate fractures.
4. Treatment aims to restore normal anatomy and minimize growth impacts through approaches specific to different fracture regions like the nasal bones or mandible.
This document discusses the dental management of children with genetic disorders. It covers several genetic disorders including Down syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and ectodermal dysplasia. For each disorder, it discusses the characteristics, prevalence, dental concerns, and recommended dental management approaches. Common dental problems for children with genetic disorders include increased risk of periodontal disease, malocclusion, missing teeth, and enamel defects. The document emphasizes the importance of preventive oral care, modified dental treatment approaches, and maintaining a supportive rapport with these patients.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses orthognathic surgery decision making, treatment planning, and timing of surgery. It covers collecting patient data, diagnosing issues, cephalometric analysis, developing a treatment plan, and predicting soft tissue changes. Treatment options include orthodontics, dentofacial orthopedics, and orthognathic surgery to correct jaw and facial skeletal issues.
Age factors in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Age factors in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth prediction methods aim to forecast facial bone growth to aid orthodontic treatment planning. Common methods include regression analyses of past growth data, experimental models based on a clinician's experience, and theoretical approaches. Accuracy is limited as growth varies individually. Cephalometric techniques like Moorrees mesh, Johnston's grid, and Ricketts' arcial analysis overlay growth increments on radiographs but have disadvantages like complexity and population-specific constants. Newer methods like C-axis and G-axis vectors attempt to quantify maxillary and mandibular growth respectively. Finite element modeling also uses mathematical tensors to simulate craniofacial growth. Overall, growth prediction provides guidance for treatment but cannot replace clinical judgment of an individual patient's growth potential
This document discusses methods for determining and recording vertical jaw relation. It defines vertical dimension as the length of the face determined by jaw separation under specified conditions. The vertical dimension can be recorded at rest or at occlusion. Factors like musculature, occlusion stops, and freeway space affect the vertical dimension. Methods described include facial measurements, swallowing threshold, phonetic, ridge relation, and those using pre-extraction records. Maintaining the correct vertical dimension is important as changes can affect tissues and bone.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Charles Tweed and Levern Merrifield developed an orthodontic philosophy focused on achieving proper dental positioning through directional force control and sequential tooth movements. Their diagnostic approach involved analyzing facial proportions, dental dimensions, and skeletal patterns to determine an individual's growth trends and space requirements. Treatment was divided into orderly steps with specific objectives, including sequential mandibular anchorage preparation and incorporation of bending forces.
Long face syndrome /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses orthognathic surgery and facial asymmetry. It begins with an overview of craniofacial growth and diagnosis/treatment planning for orthognathic surgery cases. It then describes various orthognathic surgeries for the mandible and maxilla, including BSSO, VSSO, genioplasty, and Le Fort I osteotomy. The document concludes with a discussion of facial asymmetry causes like hemifacial microsomia and treatment options that may involve orthognathic surgery, distraction osteogenesis, or condylectomy.
1. The direction of condylar growth and muscle strength influence orthodontic treatment outcomes. Forward rotators with strong muscles respond best while backward rotators with weak muscles are more susceptible to unwanted tooth movement.
2. Controlling excessive molar eruption is important to prevent undesirable backward mandibular rotation, especially in weak muscled patients. Even 1mm of over-eruption can lead to 3mm of rotation.
3. Intramatrix rotation types (location of tooth contact) vary between strong and weak muscled individuals. Type 1 is ideal but habits can shift the fulcrum to Type 2 or 3 patterns, requiring different treatment approaches.
This document discusses the management of children with special health care needs. It begins by defining key terms like disability, handicap, and dentally handicapped. It then discusses factors that can influence disabilities, various classification systems for disabilities, and the prevalence of different disabilities in India. It also covers the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The document outlines how family/parental attitudes, patient attitudes, and dentist attitudes can all impact care for children with special needs. It discusses the impacts of disabilities on oral and general health as well as barriers to care. The document concludes by discussing tools that can help in treating children with special health care needs, including concrete tools like office layout and equipment as well as conceptual tools like behavioral techniques
This document discusses the dental management of patients with hematological disorders. It covers the basics of blood physiology, hemostasis and coagulation factors. Specific disorders discussed in detail include hemophilia A/B which are sex-linked bleeding disorders caused by a deficiency of coagulation factors VIII and IX respectively. The clinical features, investigations, classifications and treatments are outlined for these conditions. Modified dental protocols are recommended to minimize bleeding risks in affected patients, including local hemostatic measures and factor replacement therapies.
The document discusses myofunctional appliances, specifically the activator appliance. It defines functional appliances and how they alter mandibular posture. It then classifies functional appliances based on their force generating capacity and location. The document provides a history of the activator appliance, beginning with its development in the early 1900s. It describes the original activator design and modifications. It discusses theories on the forces generated by activator therapy and the intermittent forces produced on teeth and mandible.
The document discusses different types of luxation injuries to permanent teeth, including concussion, subluxation, extrusive luxation, lateral luxation, and intrusive luxation. It describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of each type of injury. Luxation injuries involve trauma to the supporting tissues of the tooth and can damage the periodontal ligament and pulp. The document emphasizes the importance of promptly repositioning displaced teeth and splinting them to allow for proper healing.
The document provides guidelines for the management of avulsed permanent teeth, dividing it into two main stages: emergency treatment and definitive treatment. For emergency treatment, it outlines steps like keeping the patient calm, finding and cleaning the tooth if dirty, and seeking immediate dental treatment. Definitive treatment involves clinical and radiographic examination, sensibility testing, and treatment based on the apex status and extraoral dry time of the tooth. It details protocols for teeth with open or closed apices that were replanted immediately, stored in media, or dry for over 60 minutes. The guidelines emphasize the importance of this area in pediatric dentistry.
Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.ii.avulsion of per...Dr.Tinet Mary Augustine
- The document provides guidelines for the management of avulsed permanent teeth, dividing treatment into emergency and definitive care stages.
- Emergency treatment includes finding the tooth, cleaning it, and replanting or storing it in appropriate media like saline or coconut water until replantation. Definitive care involves examination, root canal treatment, antibiotics, and follow-up based on whether the tooth's root is open or closed.
- Prognosis and treatment depends on the dry time of an avulsed tooth - teeth dry less than 60 minutes have a better chance of survival than those dry over 60 minutes. Multiple storage media are discussed for temporary transport of avulsed teeth prior to replantation.
The document discusses traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition, specifically crown fractures. It provides an overview of the etiology, incidence, classification, and management of dental injuries. Key points include that the incidence of dental trauma from accidents and sports has increased in recent decades, commonly affecting the front teeth of children and teenagers. Proper initial treatment is important to promote healing. Classification systems help describe the specific injury and guide clinical decision making.
This document discusses traumatic injuries to primary teeth. It covers the examination, treatment, and potential complications of various types of dental injuries in primary teeth. The types of injuries discussed include concussions, subluxations, extrusion, lateral luxation, intrusion, and avulsion. Treatment options are provided for different severities of injuries from smoothing enamel fractures to pulpectomies or extractions. Complications like pulp necrosis, root resorption, and effects on the permanent successor teeth are also outlined.
This document summarizes postnatal growth of various craniofacial structures including the cranial vault, cranial base, nasomaxillary complex, mandible, temporomandibular joint, and oral cavity. It discusses how these structures grow in three dimensions and the mechanisms that influence their growth patterns. Key growth periods are identified for treatment planning in orthodontics. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding craniofacial growth and development to achieve positive results in orthodontic and orthopedic treatments.
The document discusses various principles and theories of craniofacial growth and development. It defines key terms like growth, development, differentiation, etc. It describes basic principles such as ossification, growth fields, centers and sites, bone remodeling, drift, displacement, etc. It discusses major regions and principles of craniofacial growth like the cephalocaudal gradient and Scammon's curve. It also covers controlling factors and changing paradigms in understanding growth. Various theories of growth are explained, such as the bone remodeling theory, genetic theory, sutural hypothesis, cartilaginous theory, functional matrix theory, and others.
The document discusses several theories of child psychology and development. It describes Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory including the psychosexual stages of development from oral to genital. It also covers Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory and the stages from trust vs mistrust to integrity vs despair. Additionally, it summarizes Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory and the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.
Pit and fissure sealants are materials designed to prevent dental caries. Recent advancements include sealants that have remineralizing properties through the incorporation of fluoride, amorphous calcium phosphate, or novamin. Other improvements include sealants with optic properties like clear, colored or fluorescent sealants, and hydrophilic bond sealants that are more moisture-resistant. Newer sealants also aim to be biological and BPA-free, or contain nanoparticles.
This document discusses various aspects of vital pulp therapy, including indirect pulp capping (IPC) and direct pulp capping (DPC). IPC involves retaining a small amount of deep carious dentin to avoid pulp exposure, while DPC places a medicated material directly on an accidentally exposed pulp. Factors like remaining dentin thickness, blood supply, and obtaining homeostasis are important considerations for successful vital pulp therapy. The goal is to preserve pulp vitality and maintain a tooth's function.
Dr. Tinet Mary Augustine presents information on regenerative endodontics, including its history, goals, mechanisms, and a case study. Regenerative endodontics aims to revascularize and regenerate dental pulp through disinfection and inducing bleeding to transport stem cells. The procedure involves chemically debriding the root canal, inducing bleeding to introduce stem cells, and sealing with MTA or biodentin. Over 6 months, the case study showed resolution of an apical radiolucency and root lengthening, indicating regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex. Long-term follow-up of 1-3 years is recommended to monitor regeneration.
This document summarizes the outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures. It finds that regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are generally more successful at resolving symptoms of apical periodontitis compared to apexification. REPs also typically result in greater increases in root length and thickness compared to apexification. However, the degree of additional root development from REPs can vary significantly depending on factors like the cause of pulp necrosis. Long-term survival rates of teeth treated with REPs or apexification are still unclear due to a lack of large, long-term studies. Return of pulp vitality is achieved in around half of REP cases.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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1. GROWTH PREDICTION
Dr.Tinet Mary Augustine. BDS,MDS
Pediatric Dentist
Dr.Tinet’s Pedorayz, Pediatric And Early Age Orthodontic Dental Clinic
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 1
2. CONTENTS
• DEFENITION
• NEED FOR GROWTH PREDICTION
• DIFFERENT METHODS OF PREDICTION
• HUNTERIAN CONCEPT
• GNOMIC GROWTH AND LOGARTHMIC SPIRAL
• ARCIAL GROWTH
• MOORREES MESH
• JOHNSTONS GRID
• TODDS EQUATION
• VISUAL TREATMENT OBJECTIVE
• CONCLUSION
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 2
3. WHAT?
• Forecast Of Growth Related Changes With The Objective
Of Predicting The Direction And Amount Of Growth Of
The Maxilla And Particularly Mandible As Well As The
Timing Of The Adolescent Growth Period (PROFFIT)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 3
4. WHY?
• Helps clinician to intercept and correct malocclusion
• Aid for patient education and motivation
• Tool for orthodontic treatment
• Response to a particular treatment can be predicted
• Planning of retension period if the treatment complete s
before the growth finish
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 4
12. • Equation of spirals
• Log r = log a +ko
• R=radius of the curve of the spiral
• 0=angulation of the radial line(in radian)
• A=value of r when o=0
• As bone increases in size,the spiral itself doesn’t
change,instead the mandible changes in position and the
base appears to rotate along the spiral
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 12
13. ARCIAL GROWTH
Principle:a Normal Human Mandible Grows Superior Anterior
Position At The Curve Or Arch Which Is A Segment From A Circle
• The radius of circle is determined by using the distance from
mental protuberance to a point at the forking of the stress lines
at the terminal pad of oblique ridge on the medial side of the
ramus(point Eva)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 13
14. LANDMARKS
• To locate the central core (immune to remodelling)
introduced x1 and point Eva
• x1 represent the entrance of the neurotrophic bundle into
the mandible. And mostly at level of occlusion
• Eva
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 14
15. EVA
• Stress line on Medial surface fork into 2 at Eva
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 15
16. • Dc-midpoint/bisecting point of condylar neck
• Pm /supra pogonion-symphysis from convex to concave
• Mu point-point in sigmoid notch where Eva touch notch
• True radius-it is the intersection of arc from Eva and Pm
• Dc-xi-condylar axis
• Xi-pm-corpus axis
• Dc –xi+xi-pm=core of mandible(path of mandibular nerve)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 16
17. • Arcial growth was constructed using superimposing serial
lat.ceph and interprete using computer analysis
• Superimposing on corpus axis,registering in PM point,
revealed a mandibular growth pattern in which ramus
found to curve superiorly and anteriorly
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 17
18. ARC A
• Dc-xi-pm
• If growth is in this curve-open gonial angle too wide,resulting
mandible will be obtuse (normally does not happened)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 18
19. ARC B
• Tip of coronoid-ant ramus-pm point
• Mandibular growth will bend too much
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 19
20. ARC C(arc of mandible)
• Curve between coronoid and condylar process-eva-pm
• Annual increment of around 2.5mmin this curve co-relate
with final composite of computer analysis
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 20
21. Synthesis
• Growing the mandible on this arc, forecasting technique can be done
• Greater the magnitude of growth-greater will be the bending
• Form and size was predicted for 5 years and compared:
• Coronoid and condylar grow upward and outward essentially as a function
of curve
• Gonial angle drifted posteriorly on the arc
• Annual increase of 2.5 mm observed in mandibular growth. Angle
increases with age ie 0.3 per year
• Found to cease by 14.5 females and 19 for males
•
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 21
22. Occlusal plane and tooth eruption
• As mandible grow in arc-space is created for molars
• Arcial growth+eruption of teeh=push chin beneath lower arch(chin
button)
• Angle of corpus axis and occlusal plane remain constant
• If molars restrains from from moving forward,there will be impaction
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 22
23. VALUES
• Condyle Grows At An Avetrage Of 0.2mm Per Year
• Coronoid-0.8mm Per Year
• Symphysis -1mm Per Year
• Gonion-0.2mm Per Year In Males
• Oblique Ridge Grows At An Average Of 0.4mm Per Year
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 23
24. ADVANTAGE
• Arc Of Growth Can Be Constructed For Every Individual
Depending On The The Length Of The Core Of The
Mandible
• Improved Visualisation Of Condyle And Cornoid By
Laminography enabled Rickettes To Better Observe The
Bending Of Mandible From Infancy To Maturity
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 24
25. DRAWBACK
• Depends on operators skill in tracing the cephalogram
• Consideration if the age by chronological method rather
than skeltal method( mitchell and jordan)
• As a average growth increment are added to the age :if
the patient has completed growth or if he is in growth
spurt or lag phase,it will alter the result
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 25
26. MOORREES MESH
• Moorrees constructed a template in the form of a mesh which
was used to superimpose growth changes in serial lateral
cephalometric radiograph
• Represent the shape of the upper face in terms of facial
depth(N-S) and facial height(N-ANS)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 26
27. • Vertical N-ANS(1-5)
• Every Line Corresponds To Specific Landmark
• Represents Facial Depth And Facial Height
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 27
29. PREDICTION
1. Comparison of individual depend on size of core rectangle
2. facial type remain constant and size increase (8-16 years
of all individual) with median increment of
• height as 4.5mm in boys and 3.5mm in girls
• length as 3.2mm in boys and 2.4mm in girls
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 29
30. At 16-
• tip of nose,pogonion,symphysis are forwardly placed
• position of incisors not changed
• pterygomaxillary fissure descent with maxilla
• sella ascends,basion descend
• lengthening of ramus
Facial profile remain same
Differential in growth increments are responsible for the rotation of the
mandible and its forward translation(skiller)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 30
31. Trends in growth
• Average horizontal change-10% in boys
-8% in girls
• vertical change-1%downward in boys
-5%upward in girls
Orthognathous face remains straight
Retrognathic mandible-posterior distortion of rectangle
High mandibular angle –downward displacement of mesh
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 31
32. JOHNSTONS GRID
• Show average increment of growth per year for nasion(n) /
subnasale(A)/Supramental(B) / any point on maxillary first
molar(M) / posterior nasal spine(P)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 32
33. Cranial superimposition
• SN –REFERENCE PLANE
• INDIVIDUAL VARIATION CAN BE STUDIED
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 33
34. Regional superimposition
• Age/sex of the patient is noted
• Regional template is placed over the cephalogram
• measurement is done made between 2 points like PNS-
ANS (max) GO-PG (man)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 34
36. PREDICTION
• Every part of the skeltal frame work is in the form of a grid
(maxilla/mandible)
The forecast grid system was constructed on the assumption
that growth changes are regular and annual changes and
direction of growth is average
Every point is advanced one grid unit per year superimposed on
SN registered at S
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 36
38. Uses of template
• To compare the growth of jaws
• Vertical growth can be assessed
• Position of upper and lower incisor can be directly seen
• Deviation from individual part can be assessed
• Can differentiate between skeltanal and dental cause of
maiocclusion
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 38
39. TODDS EQUATION
• Predicted the angular co ordinate of landmarks
• Biomechanical influences on growth and the external influence
of the enviornment(gravity) are considered
• P=a R (1-cos0)
• A-constant representing product of gravity and density of fluid
• The direction of pressure is normally perpendicular to the
surface at every point
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 39
40. Concept
• If all bone elements were displaced in the direction of
gravitational pressure,then they would all move outward
along radial line emenating from the center of the sphere
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 40
41. • Defects
• Heads are not perfectly spherical
• There are other sources of stresses along with the gravity,
neural developments,oral habits,facial postures and
expressions
• Merit
• This is helpful to appreciate the global influence on
cranifacial growth
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 41
42. VISUAL TREATMENT OBJECTIVE
• “What is hoped than what is likely to happen”
• Visual plan to forecast the normal growth of the patient
and the anticipated influence of treatment to establish the
individual objective we want to achieve for patient
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 42
43. • Helps to predict the treatment outcome
• Vto permit development of alternative treatment plan
• Can decide how far mechanics should be extended to
achive his goal
• Helps to moniter progress during treatment
• Deviation from the expected progress can be recognized
and can be instituted early
• Patient education and motivation
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 43
44. Advantages
• Child
• VTO incorporates the expected growth or any growth
changes induced by treatment
• skeltally normal child-to understant amount of tooth
movement needed for the correction of malocclusion
• With skeltal deformity- gives a picture of the uncertainity
of both growth pattern and response of treatment
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 44
45. Adolescent and adult
• little groeth is remaining so predicting treatment effects
are easier and more reliable
Dentist
• Helps to improve the treatment by setting in advance and
can do comparison of results with the expected outcome
• Gives an idea about the areas in which treatment could
be improved
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 45
49. STEP 2
• Express The Growth In Frontonasal Area In 2 Years
• Move 1.5mm
• Draw rickettes facial axis
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 49
50. STEP 3
• To Express Growth In Vertical Direction In The Mandible
• Anterior portion of mandible, down mand.plane
• VTO up
• Expected-3mm per year
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 50
51. STEP 4
• To Express Horizontal Direction In Mandible
• VTO forward
• Vertical height can be predicted
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 51
52. STEP 5
• To Locate And Draw The Maxilla And Lower Half Of The Nose
• VTO up on NA line untill growth 40 %above BA and 60% below
mandible
• Trace maxilla-PNS-ANS-3mm below ANS
• Trace nose
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 52
53. STEP 6
• TO LOCATE AND DRAW THE OCCLUSAL PLANE
• VTO in NA line- vertical growth 50%
• Trace occlusal plane-3mm above lip embrassure
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 53
54. STEP 7
• TO DETERMINE THE SOFT TISSUE LIP CONTOUR
• Harmony line-upper sulcus 5mm-adjust to 3-3.5mm
• VTO in NA line- lip compare by template
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 54
55. STEP 8
• REPOSITION OF UPPER INCISOR
• IT IS DETERMINED BY LIP STRAIN
• UPPER LIP CHANGE
• MAXILLARY INCISOR REBOUND(1.5MM)
• Superimpose at NA
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 55
56. STEP 9
lower incisor position
VTO in mandibular plane/occlusal plane as guidance
• Lower Incisor Position in harmony with upper
• Total Discrepancy=(2xlower Incisor Movement)
+Crowding(model Analysis)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 56
57. Step 10
• Reposition of lower first molar after repositioning of
incisors
• Extraction-molar forward
• Mild discrepancy-molar tipped back to check non
extraction
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 57
58. Step 11
Upper molar position in accordace with lower
NA and maxilla as guide plane
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 58
59. Step 12
• Complete artwork
• Point A , Anterior portion of hard palate,Lower alveolus
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 59
60. RICKETTES VTO METHOD
• Cephalometric method
• He divided as
• Cranial base prediction
• Mandibular growth prediction
• Maxillary growth prediction
• Occlusal plane position
• Location of dentition
• Soft tissue of face
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 60
61. Cranial base
• Superimpose on Ba-N
• Grow nasion 1mm /year for 2 year
• Basion also grown 1mm/year
• Slide to coincide old and new nasion-trace nasion area
• Similarly the basion area
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 61
62. Mandibular prediction
• Trace Ba-N line register
• Plane is rotated up and down to close and open the bite
at N using DC fulcrum
• Draw condylar axis,coronoid and condyle
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 62
63. Condylar and corpus axis growth
Condylar
• Mark 1mm /year down DC
• Slide condylar axis so that new mark is on Ba-N
• Extend Xi and mark Xi new
Corpus
Superimpose old and new Xi ,the increment at PM is 2mm/yr
Marking Pm new trace posterior and lower border of mandible
Slide back along corpus axis superimposing Pm
Trace symphysis and mandibular plane
Draw new facial palne(N-Pg)
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 63
64. Mandibular growth
• Changes with every treatment
• Calculated as degree of opening or closing of facial axis.
• Facial axis opens 1 degree with growth
Convexity reduction -facial axis opens 1degree/5mm
Molar correction -1degree/3mm
Overbite reduction -1degree/4mm
Crossbite correction -1-1 ½ degree ,recovers half the distance
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 64
65. Maxillary growth
• With normal growth point A moves 0.8 mm forward but
with treatments the changes are as follows
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 65
66. Occlusal plane
• For each distal movement of point A occlusal plane will
drop down by ½ mm
• Superimpose mark on the old menton and facial
plane,parallel the mandibular planes by rotating at menton
• Thus occlusal plane can be constructed
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 66
67. Dentition
• LOWER INCISOR
Determined by arch length
Dot is placed 1mm above occlusal plane and 1mm ahead of A –
Pg . Draw lower incisor in ideal relation to A Pg line and occlusal
plane
• UPPER INCISOR
drawn in good overjet and overbite(2.5mm) relation to
lower incisor. Interincisal angle maintained at 130 degree
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 67
68. • LOWER MOLAR
• Without treatment-lower molar will erupt directly towards
the occlusal plane
• With treatment molar might move forward and for every
1mm forward movement decrese arch length by 2mm
• Movement of lower molar depend on lower incisor
• UPPER MOLAR
• Upper molar is drawn to class 1 with lower molar
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 68
70. CONCLUSION
• Growth prediction methods can be used as a short term
forecast to plan strategy and long term forecast to give
evaluation of final result and to analyze esthetic and facial
balance of an individual.
• A knowledge about the growth prediction will hlelp the
dentist in planning proper orthopedic treatments.
DR.TINET MARY AUGUSTINE.BDS.MDS 70
72. REFERENCE
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