Growth and Development of Preschooler Child Health Nursing Pediatric Nursing Pathophysiology

1. Mrs. D. Melba Sahaya Sweety
RN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (Pediatric Nursing),
BSc Nursing
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatric Nursing
Enam Nursing College, Savar,
1

2. INTRODUCTION
• The preschool period is the period between 3 and 5 years of age. The pre-
school years is also known as “the years before formal schooling begins.
This is a time of continued growth and development. Physical growth
continues much more slowly compared to earlier years however the child
achieves several milestones in life which also serve as basic foundation of
learning and development.
• Preschoolers have more control in there body, since they have their
center of gravity at a lower level, right about near the belly button. This
gives them more ability to be stable and balanced than the toddler. The
preschooler moves from the unsteady stance of toddlerhood to a more
steady bearing. They no longer “toddle”, that wobbly way that toddlers
walk. This also allows the preschooler to move more “successfully” than
the toddler.
2

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF
PRESCHOOLERS
• Gain strength ,Coordination and Body
awareness
• Jealousy and attention seeking
• Less Egocentric and Independence
• Make friends
• Ritualistic Behavior continues
• Developing an increased attention span
3

4. Love and
Affection
Independe
nce
Guidance
Safety and
security
Immunizat
ion
Dental
care
Health
check – Up
Opportunit
y to play
and Social
interaction
Schooling
(Nursery)
NEEDS OF PRESCHOOLERS
4

5. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THREE YEARS
PRE - SCHOOLER
Company name
Mrs. D. Melba Sahaya Sweety RN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (Pediatric Nursing), BSc
Nursing
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatric Nursing
Enam Nursing College, Savar,
Bangladesh. 5

6. Weight :- Approximately 12.5 – 16.5 kg has
gained 2.27 kg during third year
Height :- Approximately 90.5 – 101.5 cm
gained 8 cm in third year
Pulse :- 105 + or – 15 (average 95 be/ mt)
Respiration :- 25 + or – 5 be/ mt
Blood Pressure :- 100/67 + or – 24/25
PHYSICAL OR BIOLOGIC
DEVELOPMENT
6

7. GROSS MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT
Walks a straight
line
Walk backward
7

8. GROSS MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT
Walks on tip toes Runs without
looking at feet
Catches ball with
extended arm
8

9. GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Kicks a ball •Jumps from a
height of several
inches
•Rides tricycle
using pedals, turn
wide corner
9

10. FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Build a tower
of 9 – 10 blocks
Copies a circle Uses blunt scissors
with one hand to cut
10

11. FINE MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT
Shows preference for
handedness
Can help with simple
house hold tasks
(dusting, etc..)
Puts beads on
string
11

12. SELF CARE
Dressing Skills
• Can put an coat
without assistance
• Can undress self in
most instance
12

13. SELF CARE
Toileting and Grooming Skills
• Can pull pants up
and down
• Can go to toilet alone
• Brushes teeth with
help
13

14. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
Visual acuity 20/20
14

15. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Sense of Initiative Vs Guilt
•Egocentric in thought
and behavior
•Able to share but
expresses idea of mine
• Fears the Dark
15

16. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
May have dreams
and nightmares
Sense of Initiative Vs Guilt
Knows own sex
Less dependent on
parents but needs
reassurance and help
16

17. Psycho sexual development
Phallic Stage
SPIRITUAL
DEVELOPMENT
Intuitive – Projective Faith
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Preconventional Morality
Stage I 17

18. INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
Tries to please and
conforms to request
Characteristics of thought
include animism and realism
Preoperational Thoughts; Substage I and II
18

19. INTELLECTUAL
DEVELOPMENT
Able to follow directional
Commands
Has a beginning
understanding of time
Preoperational Thoughts; Substage I and II
19

20. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE
Can obey two
prepositional
commands (on,
under)
20

21. LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
Uses 4 word sentence – asks,
Why, uses Plurals
Names figures in a picture
Has vocabulary of 800 – 1000
words
Child should be intelligible 90%
of time 21

22. PLAY STIMULATION
Likes things that
squish , move ,
talk, make noise
Books about
Known Things
Transportation toys ,
tricycle, agons,
dump trucks, doll
carriage
22

23. PLAY
STIMULATION
Crayons ,
paints
Play telephone,
Busy-box, Music
record players
Single puzzles, toy
dishes, soap bubbles
23

24. • vjj
24

25. GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
FOUR YEARS PRE-
SCHOOLERS
Mrs. D. MelbaSahayaSweetyRN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (PediatricNursing),BScNursing
AssociateProfessor
Department of PediatricNursing
EnamNursing College,Savar,
Bangladesh.
25

26. • WEIGHT :- Approximately 13.5 - 19.5 kg has gained 2.27
kg during the fourth year.
• HEIGHT :- Approximately 95 – 109 cm has increased 8
cm in fourth year . Has doubled birth length.
• PULSE :- 100 + or - 10 be/ mt (average 92 be/mt)
• RESPIRATION :- 24 + or – 4 per/mt
• BLOOD PRESSURE :- 100/66 + or – 20
• BLADDER CONTROL :- usually dry at night
26

27. Runs on tiptoes Balances on one foot
3 - 5 seconds
Jumps from
greater height
27

28. Pedals a tricycle
quickly ,
turns sharp corners
Catches ball
with extended
arms and with
hands
Climbs ladders,
trees,
play ground
28

29. Hops on
Preferred foot
Alternates feet when
descending stairs
29

30. Draw a simple
face
Copies a
Square
Cuts around
picture with
Scissors
30

31. Manage spoon with little
spilling
Eat with fork held
in fingers
31

32. Buttons side
buttons,
small buttons
Can put on socks
with help
Put on shoes (not lace)
without help
Knows back from front
of clothes 32

33. May bath self with
assistance
Wash and dries hands
without supervision
33

34. Visual Acuity 20/20
34

35. Egocentric, Tends to
be impatient and
selfish
Jealousy of siblings
may evident
Physically and
verbally aggressive
Demonstrates strong
attachment
for parents of opposite
35

36. Stage 2 (4-7yrs) You do it for me , I
will do it for you 36

37. Classifies objects
according to one
characteristics
Highly imaginative,
Concepts of time improving
especially in relation to
sequence of daily routine 37

38. Understands directives (On, Under,
Inback, Infront)
38

39. Name one or
more colors
correctly
Use ‘’I’’ and
Counts to 5
Use 3 to 7 word
sentence and
Has a
vocabulary of
1500 words
39

40. Play cooperatively with
others
Provide Hand puppets, doll
house, doll nurse or doctor
kit
40

41. Provide Blackboard, chalk,
paper , paste, scissors, clay ,
finger paints to stimulate
creativity
Sliding boards, swing,
blocks of all sizes , Tinker
toys to encourage motor
activity
41

42. 42

43. Mrs. D. MelbaSahayaSweetyRN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (PediatricNursing),BScNursing
AssociateProfessor
Department of PediatricNursing
EnamNursing College,Savar,
Bangladesh.
43

44. PHYSICAL OR BIOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT
• WEIGHT:- Approximately 15.4 to 21.4 kg Has gained 2.27 kg
during the fifth year
• HEIGHT :- Approximately 113 -115 cm gained 8 cm in fifth
year.
• PULSE :- 95 + or – 15 (average 90 be/mt)
• RESPIRATION:- 22 + or – 3 per/mt
• BLOOD PRESSURE:- 100/60 + or – 14/10.
• HEAD SIZE :- Adult size nearly reached
• Anticipates immediate toilet needs.
44

45. GROSS MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT
• Skips alternates
feet
• Jumps rope and
jumps over
objects
• Walks a balance
beam
45

46. GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Imitates dance
steps if taught
Catches a ball
smoothly with
hands
Roller
skates
Balance on
one foot 8 to
10 seconds
46

47. FINE MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT
• Copies a
triangle
• Cross vertical
lines
• Copies letters;
May be able to
print own
name
• Draws a three
part man 47

48. SELF CARE ( FEEDING
SKILLS) & ( DRESSING
SKILLS)
• Selects fork over
spoon when
appropriate
• May be able
to lace shoes
• Manages
Zippers in
back
48

49. SELF CARE ( TOILETING AND
GROOMING SKILLS)
• Wipes self
independently
• Flushes toilet after
each use
• Bath self and
combs hair with
help
• Can blow nose
when asked 49

50. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
• Visual acuity 20/20
50

51. PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
SENSE OF INITIATIVE VS GUILT
Continues to be
egocentric
Separates easily from
parents
Has fantasies and day
dreaming
Independent and trust
worthy 51

52. PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
• PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 Years)
• INTUITIVE – PROJECTIVE FAITH
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
• PRE CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
• Stage 2 :-You do it for me ;
• I will do it for you
52

53. LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
• RECEPTIVE
LANGUAGE
 Carries out instruction with
three suggested task to wash,
dry, sit down.
• EXPRESSIVE
LANGUAGE
 Names Primary colors.
 Ask meaning of words
 Count 1 to 10
 Has a vocabulary of 2100 words 53

54. PLAY STIMULATION
• Play Competitive games
• Love to transport things in
trucks, Cars, Wagons
• Construction toys, paper
dolls, opportunities for
collecting nature
specimens for creativity
activity • Colour sets,books and p
54

55. PLAY STIMULATION
• See – Saw, jungle gym
, Slides , jump rope
and skates for motor
activity
• Color sets, books
and puzzles for
quiet play
55

56. THANK YOUuuu
56