The document discusses human growth and development across the lifespan. It describes the prenatal stages of zygote, embryo, and fetus. The postnatal stages include infancy, childhood, puberty, and adulthood divided into early, middle, and late stages. Each life stage is characterized by physical, cognitive, emotional, and motor development processes. The teacher plays an important role in guiding development from early childhood through adolescence when children spend most time in school.

1. J.D.DANI BERSHIBA
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT(PSYCHOLOGY)
St. CHRISTOPHER’s COLLEGE OF
EDUCATION
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

2. 3
4
5
GROWTH
DEVELOPMENT
LIFE SPAN
PRE NATAL
POST NATAL
2
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3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

4. Growth is qualitative
Development is both qualitative
and quantitative
Observable and measurable It cannot be measured
but can be assessed
It does not continue
through out the life. It
stops at maturity.
It is continuous through
out the life.
Growth is not directional
Development is sequential
and progressive
Growth and development is not uniformDEVELOPMENT
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

5. POSTNATALPRENATAL
HUMAN LIFE SPAN
ZYGOTE EMBRYO FOETUS
INFANCY BABYHOOD EARLY
CHILDHOOD
LATE
CHILDHOOD
PUBERTY ADOLESCENCE EARLY
ADULTHOOD
MIDDLE
AGE
OLD AGE
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

6. EMBRYO
PRENATA
L
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7. ZYGOTE
DURATION: Conception- 2
weeks
SIZE: Pinhead size
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
#The size remain unchanged.
#The zygote is kept alive by
the yolk in the ovum.
FORMATION: Formed by the
fusion of male gamete sperm
and the female gamete egg.
PLACEMENT: It is implanted
in the uterine wall.
MOVEMENTS: No
movements take place.
EMBRYO
DURATON: 2weeks – 2nd
lunar month
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
# The zygote develops into
miniature human being
# All essential body
features both internal and
external are established
# The placenta, umbilical
chord and amniotic sac
develops
MOVEMENT: Spontaneous
movement take place in
the limbs.
FORMATION: The body
parts are not completely
developed.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

8. FOETUS
DURATION: 2nd lunar month
– till birth
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
# Changes occurs in the size
of the parts which is already
formed during the embryo
#The organs starts
functioning
#No new features appear
APPEARANCE: A full infant is
formed
MOVEMENTS: Rapid moves
such as kicking, rolling etc.
can be experienced.
PLACENTA:
The placenta filters the waste
products.
UMBLICAL CHORD:
It passes food, oxygen and water
from the parents to the offspring.
AMNIOTIC SAC:
The baby is present in the
amniotic sac it ruptures during
the delivery and paves way to
birth.
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9. INFANCY
0-2 WEEKS1
BABYHOOD
2 WEEKS - 2YEAR2
EARLY CHILHOOD
2-6 YEARS3
LATE CHILDHOOD
6-12 YEARS4
PUBERTY
12-14 YEARS5
ADOLESCENT
14-18 YEARS
6
EARLY ADULTHOOD
18-40 YEARS7
MIDDLE AGE
40-60 YEARS8
OLD AGE
ABOVE 60 YEARS
9
POSTNATALSTAGES
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10.  There is a plateau in
the
development(i.e.)
No growth takes
place because of less
intake of food.
 Height in relation to
weight is more at
birth
 They have no
control over eye,
bowel movement.
 The child is able to
move their hands
and legs in a
random fashion
 Spreads and closes
the hand.
 During infancy the
cerebellum gets
developed
 Every day the child
interact and learn
about the
environment.
 This period is called
the period of
radical adjustment.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

11.  They are capable
of producing
emotional
behaviors like
smiling, crying,
withdrawal etc.
 They react
positively for
comfort and
negatively for pain.
 New born
 Neonate
NAMEGIVENBY
PARENTS,EDUCATORS
ANDPSYCHOLOGIST
EMOTIONS
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13. NAMES GIVEN BY
PARENTS AND
PSYCHOLOGIST
o Toddler
EMOTIONS
o The emotional
responses are fear,
anger, joy,
excitement and
affection
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT:
o Critical brain
development takes
place
o Child is capable to
recognize self and
others
o Gender typed toy play
o Ability to search
hidden objects.
ACTIVITY:
o Beginning of
socialism
o The child will be
able to walk, sit
and stand
o Try to speak
language.
MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT:
o Turns the head and
see when some
noise is heard
o The child will be
able to hold objects
o At the end of 2
years it will be able
to move on its own
PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT:
o Rapid growth
takes place
o Development is
directional and
sequential
o Turn -Tilt - swim-
crawl - sit-stand -
walk

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15. PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Rate of growth in
height is more
than weight due
to the loss of
energy in playing
Three R’s are
developed
 Reading
 Writing
 Arithmetic
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
The child is able to
dress up, eat,
walk, jump, bath
etc. on its own
MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT
The child develops
emotions like shy,
fear, jealous and
comparison.
EMOTIONS
The child have
playmates
from the
neighborhood
ACTIVITY
CHARACTERISTICS

16. PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Rate of growth
and development
is very slow
EMOTIONS
Emotions are refined
and polished
Fear, anxiety,
curiosity and joy
ACTIVITY
They are capable of
performing creative arts
and paints
They listen to stories.
TEACHER’s ROLE
The teacher can give
creative assignments to
improve creativity
Moral values should be
taught to them
LATE CHILDHOOD
SLOOPY AGE
CARELESS AGE
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AGE
GANG AGE
CREATIVE AGE
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Capable of most of the
intellectual operations
Like arrangement of
blocks, car parts etc.
Start to think creatively
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

17. PUBERTY
Puberty is a stage in
development during
which maturation of the
sexual apparatus occurs
and reproductive
capacity is attained
Rapid physical
development takes place in
boys and girls
BOYS: voice change, growth
of facial hair, testes develop
GIRLS: Bordering of hips,
coarse public hair ,ovaries
develop
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22. MIDDLE AGE MIDLIFE ADULTNESS
Adulthood is a period in which full physical and intellectual
maturity have been attained.
ADULTHOOD
EARLY ADULTHOOD
From 20 – 40 years
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
From 40 – 60 years
LATE ADULTHOOD
From 60 years
During adulthood the physical abilities are at their
peak including muscle strength, sensory abilities etc.
Psychological adjustment continue throughout the stage,
but perhaps are more crucial as the individual chooses
career, life partner, establish their family and to be a useful
member in the society
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

23. OLD AGE
ABOVE 60 YEARS
Old age refers to the
age nearing or
surpassing the life
expectancy of human
beings and thus the
end of the human life
cycle
As the human
beings become
older the physical
appearance
changes
o Skin looses
elasticity
o Muscle strength
and mobility
diminishes
o Hearing and vision
decline
o Immune system
weaknessThey tend to
reflect back on
their life
They feel a sense
of satisfaction for
their integrity
They are the elderly
people who guide the
family members
towards leading
successful life
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

24. Growth generally refers to increase
in the size, length, height and weight
Development implies overall changes
in the shape, form or structure
resulting in improved working or
functioning.
The human life span is of two
phases postnatal and
prenatal
The prenatal phase consist of 9
stages from infancy to old age and
each stage has a unique
characteristics
The teacher plays an important role
from the early childhood –
adolescence stage as the child spend
most of the time in school. They take
up the duty of molding the child into a
good citizen.
The postnatal phase occurs inside
the mother’s womb from the period
of conception till birth . The stages
are
zygote - embryo - foetus
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

25. Developmental
psychology, A life span
approach, 5th edition by
Elizabeth. B. Hurlock
Early childhood
care and education
by M. Sen Gupta
Child
development by
Rajammal. P.
Devadas N Jaya
Advanced educational
psychology by B.
Kuppuswamy
General Psychology by
Naima Khatoon
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

26. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1.Mrs. J. Jasmine
Assistant professor of Education
St. Christopher’s College of Education
2. Mrs. Parimala Paul
Assistant professor of Mathematics
St. Christopher’s College of Education
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