The Spanish and Filipino accounts provide differing perspectives on the events of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny in the Philippines. The Spanish historians Izquierdo and Montero claim it was an attempt to overthrow Spanish rule, while the Filipino historian Tavera and journalist Plauchut argue it was a mutiny in response to oppressive policies from the Spanish governor. Plauchut noted the mutiny originated from discontent with new taxes and labor requirements imposed on Filipino arsenal workers in Cavite.

1. CAVITE
MUTINY

2. TABLE OF
CONTENT
S
CAVITE MUTINY
SPANISH ACCOUNTS OF THE CAVITE
MUTINY
02
01
DIFFERING ACCOUNTS OF THE
EVENTS OF 1872
03
SUMMARY
04

3. WHAT HAPPENED
IN THE CAVITE
MUTINY?
REPORTERS: ALAYON, MARVI STAR BAGADIONG, NATHAN
BENTOY, CRISANTO CASIL, WAYNE DALE

4. Cavite
Mutiny
The martyrdom of the
three priests: Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos, and
Jacinto Zamora, later on
immortalized as
GOMBURZA
The year 1872 was a
historic year of two events

5. These events are very important milestones in
Philippine history and have caused ripples
throughout the time, directly influencing the decisive
events of the Philippine Revolution toward the end
of the century. While the significance is
unquestioned, what made this year controversial
are the different sides to the story, a battle of
perspectives supported by primary sources. In this
case study, we zoom in to the events of the Cavite
Mutiny, a major factor in the awakening of
nationalism among the Filipinos of that time.

6. SPANISH
ACCOUNTS
OF
THE
CAVITE
MUTINY
Rafael Gerónimo
Cayetano Izquierdo y
Gutiérrez
Jose Montero y
Vidal

7. José Antonio Julián
Montero y Vidal
• Born in Cadiz, Spain on January 28, 1851
• He was a writer, historian, geographer and
politician.
• . He worked in the Spanish overseas
provinces of the Philippines and Cuba for
many years and wrote extensively about
them.

8. His accounts says;
•Jose Montero y Vidal is a Spanish Historian,
who interpreted that the Mutiny was an
attempt to remove and overthrow the Spanish
Colonizers in the Philippines. His account,
corroborated with the account of Governor -
General Rafael Inquirer y Gutierrez, the
governor-general of the Philippine Islands
during the Mutiny.

9. “ the abolition of privileges enjoyed by the laborers of the
Cavity arsenal of exemption from the tribute was,
according to some, the cause of the insurrection.”
The Spanish revolution which overthrew a
secular throne; the propaganda carried by an
unbridled press against monarchial principles,
attentatory of the most sacred respects towards
the dethroned majesty; the democratic and
republican books and pamphlets; the speeches
and preaching's of the apostles of these new
ideas in Spain.
excerpts from Monteros account of the Cavite Mutiny

10. Rafael Gerónimo
Cayetano Izquierdo y
Gutiérrez
• Born on September 30, 1820.
• He was a Spanish military officer, politician,
and a stateman.
• He was the Governor General during the
1872 Cavity Mutiny

11. His accounts says;
• that this event of mutiny was
stimulated by the native clergies and
lawyers. According to Izquierdo, this
mutiny was a sign of objection towards
the government for not paying the
provinces for tobacco crops, paying
tribute, and rendering forced labor.

12. His accounts says;
• It was believed by Governor-General
Izquierdo that the Filipinos will create
its own government and allegedly, the
three priests were nominated as the
leader of the planned government in
order to break free of the Spanish
government

13. “it seems definite that the insurrection was motivated and
prepared by the native clergy, by the mestizos and native
lawyers, and by those known here as sibogadillos.”
It is apparent that the accounts underscore the
reason for the “revolution” the abolition of
privileges enjoyed by the workers of the Cavite
arsenal such as exemption from payment of
tribute and being employed in polos y servicios
or force of labor.
excerpts from Izquerdos account of the Cavite Mutiny

14. The Cavitenos allegedly mistook this as the
signal to the attack. The zoo-men contingent led
by sergeant Lamadrid attacked Spanish officers
at sight and seized the arsenal. Inquerdo, upon
learning of the attack, ordered the reinforcement
of the Spanish forces in Cavite to quell the revolt.
excerpts from Izquerdos account of the Cavite Mutiny
On Febuary 17, 1872, the GOMBURZA were
executed to serve as a threat to Filipinos to
never attempt to fight Spaniards again.

15. DIFFERING
ACCOUNTS
OF
THE
EVENTS
OF
1872
Edmund Plauchut
Trinidad
Hermenegildo José
María Juan
Francisco Pardo de
Tavera y Gorricho

16. Trinidad Hermenegildo José
María Juan Francisco Pardo
de Tavera y Gorricho
• Born on April 13, 1857.
• He was a Filipino physician, historian and
politician of Spanish and Portuguese
descent who served as deputy Prime
minister of the Philippines in 1899

17. His account says;
• The incident was merely a mutiny of Filipino
soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal
to the dissatisfaction arising from the
draconian policies of Izquerdo, such as the
abolition of privileges and the prohibition of
the founding of the school of arts and trades
for filipinos, which the General saw as a
smokescreen to creating a political club.

18. The uprising among the soldiers in Cavite was
used as a powerful level by the Spanish
residents and by the friars…the central
government in Madrid had announced its
intention to deprive the friars in these islands of
powers of intervention in matters of civil
government and in the direction and
management of the university… it was due to
these facts and promises that the filipinos had
great hopes of an improvement in the affrairs of
their country, while the friars, on the other hand,
feared that their power in the would soon be
complete a thing in the past.
excerpts from Pardo de Taveras account of the Cavite
Mutiny

19. Edmund Plauchut
• He was a French journalist, writer and
traveler
• He published the Revue des Deux Mondes
(his version of Cavite Mutiny)
• His account was a dispassionate one which
reaffirmed the Tavera version

20. His account says;
• It stated that the Cavite Munity happened
because of discontentment of the arsenal
workers and soldiers in Cavite fort which
originated from the order of the governor
(Izquierdo) which exacted taxes from the
Filipino laborers in the engineering and
Artillery Corps in the Cavite arsenal, and
required them to perform forced labor which
they had been exempted from both.

21. The summary of the reforms they considered necessary
to introduce;
 Changes in tariff rates and customs, and the
methods of collection.
 Removal of surcharges on foreign
importations
 Reduction of import fees
 Permission for foreigners to reside in the
Philippines
excerpts from Plauchuts account of the Cavite Mutiny

22.  Establishment of an advisory council
 Changes in primary and secondary education
 Establishment of an institute of civil
administration
 Study of direct tax system
 Abolition of the tobacco monopoly
excerpts from Plauchuts account of the Cavite Mutiny

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