Group slide presentation forum week 11
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This document summarizes how circuit-switched digital networks work. It discusses the key components including central office switches located in telephone company offices that route calls locally or to long-distance carriers. Dial-up routers recognize outbound data and initiate calls to internet service providers over public circuits. High-speed fiber optic links transmit data between switches at minimum speeds of 45 megabits per second. TCP/IP packets are used to transmit data across local and wide area networks with TCP/IP being the standard internet protocol.
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Bluetooth Aplication
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows for data exchange over short distances between fixed and mobile devices. It works by creating personal area networks (PANs) using radio wave transmissions. Bluetooth was invented in 1994 by Ericsson and later developed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. It allows for wireless connections between devices like phones, headphones, speakers and more. Devices must have transceivers, MAC addresses, PIN numbers, and participate in a piconet to connect via Bluetooth using the FHSS protocol which hops between frequencies.
Pstn (Public Switched Telephone Networks)
PSTN is the global collection of interconnects originally designed to support circuit switched voice communication.
The PSTN provides traditional Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), also known as “landline phone” service , to residences & many other establishments.
Parts of the PSTN are also utilized for DSL, voIP & other Internet based network technologies.
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Three types of wireless technology
Three wireless technologies are described: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and infrared. Bluetooth transfers data at short ranges using radio waves, Wi-Fi enables wireless networking using the IEEE 802.11 standards at speeds up to 1 Mbps for most devices, and infrared uses line-of-sight infrared radiation to transmit data between devices over short distances and with lower power and cost than Bluetooth or Wi-Fi but at slower speeds and requiring line-of-sight.
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Wireless local loop (WLL) uses radio signals instead of copper wires to connect subscribers to the public switched telephone network. There are several categories of WLL implementation, including analog cellular, digital cellular, personal communications networks, cordless telephones, and proprietary systems. WLL provides advantages over wired connections such as lower installation and operating costs and faster construction times by shortening wiring requirements.
Bluetooth technology
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It was developed in 1994 by Ericsson to eliminate cable connections between devices. Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz spectrum and uses frequency hopping to reduce interference. It allows up to 8 devices to connect in a piconet topology and multiple piconets to connect via scatternet. Bluetooth devices use inquiry and paging procedures to establish connections. Security features include authentication, encryption, and requiring user acceptance to pair devices.
Bluetooth technology
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (around 10 m) using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band between 2.4-2.485 GHz. It was originally developed in 1994 to eliminate cable connections between devices but later expanded to enable wireless connectivity through a common standard. Bluetooth devices operate using adaptive frequency hopping to minimize interference and can connect in piconets of up to 8 devices or scatternets of multiple interconnected piconets.
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Bluetooth Aplication
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows for data exchange over short distances between fixed and mobile devices. It works by creating personal area networks (PANs) using radio wave transmissions. Bluetooth was invented in 1994 by Ericsson and later developed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. It allows for wireless connections between devices like phones, headphones, speakers and more. Devices must have transceivers, MAC addresses, PIN numbers, and participate in a piconet to connect via Bluetooth using the FHSS protocol which hops between frequencies.
Pstn (Public Switched Telephone Networks)
PSTN is the global collection of interconnects originally designed to support circuit switched voice communication.
The PSTN provides traditional Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), also known as “landline phone” service , to residences & many other establishments.
Parts of the PSTN are also utilized for DSL, voIP & other Internet based network technologies.
Bluetooth
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Three types of wireless technology
Three wireless technologies are described: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and infrared. Bluetooth transfers data at short ranges using radio waves, Wi-Fi enables wireless networking using the IEEE 802.11 standards at speeds up to 1 Mbps for most devices, and infrared uses line-of-sight infrared radiation to transmit data between devices over short distances and with lower power and cost than Bluetooth or Wi-Fi but at slower speeds and requiring line-of-sight.
Bluethooth Protocol stack/layers
Bluetooth Protocol stack/layers, Masters, Slaves, Core protocols ,Adopted protocols, Cable replacement protocol and Piconets
Wireless Local Loop
Wireless local loop (WLL) uses radio signals instead of copper wires to connect subscribers to the public switched telephone network. There are several categories of WLL implementation, including analog cellular, digital cellular, personal communications networks, cordless telephones, and proprietary systems. WLL provides advantages over wired connections such as lower installation and operating costs and faster construction times by shortening wiring requirements.
Bluetooth technology
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It was developed in 1994 by Ericsson to eliminate cable connections between devices. Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz spectrum and uses frequency hopping to reduce interference. It allows up to 8 devices to connect in a piconet topology and multiple piconets to connect via scatternet. Bluetooth devices use inquiry and paging procedures to establish connections. Security features include authentication, encryption, and requiring user acceptance to pair devices.
Bluetooth technology
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (around 10 m) using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band between 2.4-2.485 GHz. It was originally developed in 1994 to eliminate cable connections between devices but later expanded to enable wireless connectivity through a common standard. Bluetooth devices operate using adaptive frequency hopping to minimize interference and can connect in piconets of up to 8 devices or scatternets of multiple interconnected piconets.
How circuit switches
Circuit-switched networks dedicate a physical path between two endpoints for the duration of their connection. TCP/IP is the set of protocols used for the Internet and similar networks, including TCP and IP. A central office switch located in a telephone company's central office switches calls locally or to long-distance carriers. ISDN integrates speech and data on telephone lines, adding features not available in classic telephone systems.
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This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses that Bluetooth allows for short-range wireless connectivity between devices. A key point is that up to 8 devices can be connected in a piconet within a 10 meter range. The document outlines the characteristics of Bluetooth, including that it uses frequency hopping for security and devices do not need line-of-sight. Advantages include no line-of-sight needed and worldwide compatibility, while disadvantages include potential increased battery usage and slow internet speeds over Bluetooth. The document also provides details on Bluetooth architecture and versions.
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Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows data exchange between fixed and mobile devices over short distances. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4GHz band and has an effective range of about 10 meters. Bluetooth was originally developed in 1994 by Ericsson to eliminate data cables between devices. It has since evolved through several versions with higher data rates and improved functionality. Bluetooth technology allows multiple devices to connect and exchange information in personal area networks.
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The document discusses various aspects of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). It covers topics like modulation/demodulation schemes used to convert between analog and digital signals, the bandwidth of telephone lines, traditional modem standards like V.32, V.90, ADSL, techniques used for multiplexing like TDM and WDM, and components within switching offices. It provides technical details on how analog voice signals are converted to digital, transmitted through digital trunks, and switched within the network.
Telephone networks
The telephone network was originally created to provide analog voice communication through a system called POTS. It has since evolved to carry digital data in addition to voices. The modern network uses both analog and digital technologies, with local loops to homes and businesses using analog twisted pair lines while trunks between switching offices use digital fiber optics. The network is made up of local end offices, toll offices, and higher level primary, sectional and regional exchanges all connected via interoffice trunks to establish connections between subscribers.
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ISDN is a set of standards for digital transmission over telephone wires that requires adapters at both ends. It provides two channels for carrying data and one for control and signaling. A BRI line consists of two 64 kbps B channels and one 16 kbps D channel. A PRI has 23 B channels and one 64 kbps D channel.
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This document provides an introduction to Bluetooth technology. It discusses that Bluetooth allows for short-range wireless transmission of voice and data between various devices. It then covers how Bluetooth works through spread spectrum frequency hopping and encryption. Various transmission types and rates are described. Bluetooth networks can connect multiple devices in piconets and scatter nets. Examples of Bluetooth applications include wireless peripherals and personal area networks.
Group slide presentation forum week 11
This document summarizes how circuit-switched digital networks work. It discusses the key components including central office switches located in telephone company offices that route calls locally or to long-distance carriers. Dial-up routers recognize outbound data and initiate calls to internet service providers over public circuits. High-speed fiber optic links transmit data between switches at minimum speeds of 45 megabits per second. TCP/IP packets are used to transmit data across local and wide area networks with TCP/IP being the standard internet protocol.
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Group slide presentation forum week 11
This document summarizes how circuit-switched digital networks work. It discusses the key components including central office switches located in telephone company offices that route calls locally or to long-distance carriers. Dial-up routers recognize outbound data and initiate calls to internet service providers over public circuits. High-speed fiber optic links transmit data between switches at minimum speeds of 45 megabits per second. TCP/IP packets are used to transmit data across local and wide area networks with TCP/IP being the standard internet protocol.
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Ethernet and WiFi allow devices in a converged home to connect to the internet through a router. Ethernet uses wired connections following standards for local area networks, while WiFi enables wireless internet access within a hotspot range. Personal video recorders like the PVR store broadcast programs for later viewing. Current MP3 players connect via USB to download music, but future players will connect directly to the internet using available wireless connections like WiFi.
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This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses that Bluetooth allows for short-range wireless connectivity between devices. A key point is that up to 8 devices can be connected in a piconet within a 10 meter range. The document outlines the characteristics of Bluetooth, including that it uses frequency hopping for security and devices do not need line-of-sight. Advantages include no line-of-sight needed and worldwide compatibility, while disadvantages include potential increased battery usage and slow internet speeds over Bluetooth. The document also provides details on Bluetooth architecture and versions.
Bluetooth - Overview
This document discusses the history and technical aspects of Bluetooth technology. It describes how Bluetooth was created in 1994 by Ericsson to eliminate cables between mobile devices. The technology standard is now managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group consisting of over 19,000 companies. The name "Bluetooth" comes from the 10th century Danish king Harald Bluetooth who united Scandinavia, just as Bluetooth aims to unite various electronic devices. The document outlines Bluetooth's protocol stack and topology including piconets and scatternets. It notes advantages like being wireless and inexpensive, as well as disadvantages like low data rates compared to infrared. It concludes that Bluetooth is a simple choice for convenient short-range communication between devices.
BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
2.4 GHz Open band
Globally available
Other devices include microwave ovens, cordless phones
Frequency hopping and Time Division Multiplexing
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Up to 8 active devices can be in the same piconet
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It includes versions of Bluetooth, how Bluetooth works, Bluetooth profile, Bluetooth core architecture, power classes of Bluetooth, Bluetooth protocol, advantages and applications of Bluetooth.
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Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows data exchange between fixed and mobile devices over short distances. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4GHz band and has an effective range of about 10 meters. Bluetooth was originally developed in 1994 by Ericsson to eliminate data cables between devices. It has since evolved through several versions with higher data rates and improved functionality. Bluetooth technology allows multiple devices to connect and exchange information in personal area networks.
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The document discusses various aspects of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). It covers topics like modulation/demodulation schemes used to convert between analog and digital signals, the bandwidth of telephone lines, traditional modem standards like V.32, V.90, ADSL, techniques used for multiplexing like TDM and WDM, and components within switching offices. It provides technical details on how analog voice signals are converted to digital, transmitted through digital trunks, and switched within the network.
Telephone networks
The telephone network was originally created to provide analog voice communication through a system called POTS. It has since evolved to carry digital data in addition to voices. The modern network uses both analog and digital technologies, with local loops to homes and businesses using analog twisted pair lines while trunks between switching offices use digital fiber optics. The network is made up of local end offices, toll offices, and higher level primary, sectional and regional exchanges all connected via interoffice trunks to establish connections between subscribers.
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ISDN is a set of standards for digital transmission over telephone wires that requires adapters at both ends. It provides two channels for carrying data and one for control and signaling. A BRI line consists of two 64 kbps B channels and one 16 kbps D channel. A PRI has 23 B channels and one 64 kbps D channel.
TCP/IP was developed by DOD to connect different computer networks. It provides basic services across many systems and allows routing from local to enterprise to regional to global networks. It was designed to automatically recover from failures to allow very large, decentralized networks.
In circuit switching, a fixed bandwidth channel is established between nodes before communication, providing constant bit delay unlike packet switching
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Networking Components,
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Different Protocols used in Network,
Networking Technology(cables & Wires)
Wireless Technology,
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Yuvashri
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This document discusses the history and functions of private branch exchanges (PBXs). It begins with an introduction to PBXs, which allow switching of telephone calls within an organization. It then covers the five generations of PBX technology from analog to digital and fiber optic networks. The core functions of a PBX are to provide switched communications within a building and act as an interface to public telephone networks. PBXs can transmit both voice and data and support networking between multiple PBX systems. The advantages of PBXs include flexibility and access to data networks, while disadvantages include limited bandwidth and potential issues if the PBX fails.
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Wireless networking technologies have evolved significantly over the past few decades. Early technologies like HiperLAN and 802.11 provided connectivity at speeds up to 2 Mbps in the 1990s. 802.11 standards have since been updated to support speeds up to 54 Mbps. Meanwhile, other technologies like Bluetooth, WiMax and 4G/LTE were developed to provide wireless broadband and meet increasing bandwidth demands, with 4G/LTE targets of 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps speeds. However, the future remains uncertain as different standards compete and many expect a mix of technologies will be used depending on the situation and device capabilities.
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The document discusses the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) protocol. IrDA uses infrared rays for personal communication networks that require line of sight within a 30-degree window. It operates at data rates between 1.152 Mbps to 4 Mbps. IrDA defines 5 levels of communication - from simple minimum level to more advanced SyncML level. It includes various protocols like IrLAP, IrLMP, IrOBEX that function at different layers to manage links, transport data and exchange objects between IrDA devices. While similar to Bluetooth in providing short range wireless connectivity, IrDA has a smaller form factor and faster connection latency suited for data transfer over short distances.
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This document provides an introduction to Bluetooth technology. It discusses that Bluetooth allows for short-range wireless transmission of voice and data between various devices. It then covers how Bluetooth works through spread spectrum frequency hopping and encryption. Various transmission types and rates are described. Bluetooth networks can connect multiple devices in piconets and scatter nets. Examples of Bluetooth applications include wireless peripherals and personal area networks.
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This document summarizes how circuit-switched digital networks work. It discusses the key components including central office switches located in telephone company offices that route calls locally or to long-distance carriers. Dial-up routers recognize outbound data and initiate calls to internet service providers over public circuits. High-speed fiber optic links transmit data between switches at minimum speeds of 45 megabits per second. TCP/IP packets are used to transmit data across local and wide area networks with TCP/IP being the standard internet protocol.
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This document summarizes how circuit-switched digital networks work. It discusses the key components including central office switches located in telephone company offices that route calls locally or to long-distance carriers. Dial-up routers recognize outbound data and initiate calls to internet service providers over public circuits. High-speed fiber optic links transmit data between switches at minimum speeds of 45 megabits per second. TCP/IP packets are used to transmit data across local and wide area networks with TCP/IP being the standard internet protocol.
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InfiniBand is a high-performance network architecture based on a switched fabric design that supports bandwidth between 2.5-30Gbps. It is used in storage and cluster networks and offers throughput of up to 2.5GB/s and support for 64,000 devices. InfiniBand uses a serial bus design and supports multiple memory areas that can be addressed by processors and storage. It uses switched routing and Internet Protocol Version 6 for almost limitless device expansion.
Week11
The document discusses TCP/IP protocols, circuit-switched services, digital access equipment, and receiver apparatuses. TCP/IP is an important internet protocol suite consisting of four layers. Circuit-switched services determine the optimal network for transferring application flows. Digital access equipment like the ZyXEL DMA-1000 allows transferring computer files to televisions and stereos. Receiver apparatuses have many branches selected through earth connections of coaxial cables.
Kordik fundamental guidtoindustrialnetworking -v_imp
The document provides an overview of various industrial networking standards for connecting devices in automation applications. It discusses both serial-based standards like Modbus RTU, CANopen, and DeviceNet, as well as Ethernet-based standards including Modbus TCP, EtherCAT, EtherNet/IP and Profinet. For each standard, it describes the key characteristics like maximum speed, number of supported nodes, implementation cost, and major industry adopters. It also discusses factors to consider when choosing and implementing a fieldbus standard, such as distributed intelligence, paid conformance programs, and step and direction control interfaces.
Week11
ISDN is a set of standards for digital transmission over telephone wires that requires adapters at both ends. It provides two channels for carrying data and one for control/signaling. TCP/IP was developed by DOD to connect different networks and provides routing from local to global networks. Circuit switching establishes a fixed bandwidth connection between nodes before communication, unlike packet switching which can have varying delay.
Chapter 02 - Wan Router
This document discusses WAN standards organizations, router components, and how to connect various ports on a router. It identifies the ITU-T, ISO, IETF, and EIA as key standards bodies. It describes common router internal components like the CPU, RAM, flash memory, and interfaces. It provides instructions for connecting a PC to the console port using a rollover cable, and connecting WAN interfaces like serial ports.
Vision
This document provides an overview of a computer network called VISION. It discusses the network's goals of being secure, intact, and organized. It then describes different network types (LAN, MAN, WAN), common network devices (hubs, switches, routers), IP addressing, and major modules covering network design, security, and recovery. Key features include preventing IP waste, providing cost-effective solutions, implementing wireless networks, and incorporating security measures like ACLs, VLANs, and NAT. The network aims to be highly secure while also offering recovery mechanisms in a cost-effective manner.
Similar to Group slide presentation forum week 11 (20)
Chapter 3 2-remote_network_design - Network Design
Chapter 3 2-remote_network_design - Network Design
Kordik fundamental guidtoindustrialnetworking -v_imp
Kordik fundamental guidtoindustrialnetworking -v_imp
Group slide presentation forum week 11
- 1. How Circuit-‐Switched Digital Networks Work Central Office Switches Dial-‐up router fiber op>cs TCP/IP
- 2. Central Office Switches Digital access equipment aEached to or inside a router calls the central office switch. A central office switch is a large rack of equipment located in a telephone company’s central office that switches calls locally or to long-‐distance carriers over dedicated circuits.
- 3. Dial-‐up router A dial-‐up router recognizes data with a des>na>on outside the LAN and ini>ates a call to a des>na>on selected from a preprogrammed table. Dial-‐up router is an equipment that access to internet service provider and LAN using a public circuital net.
- 4. fiber op>cs A highspeed intraswitch trunk is a fiber-‐op>c link opera>ng at a minimum of 45 megabits per second. Refers to systems that use op>cal fibers. Fiber-‐ op>c communica>ons networks have transformed the world. Barely star>ng in the late 1960s but gaining serious momentum in the 1980s, the phone companies began to replace their copper long distance trunks with fiber cable.
- 5. TCP/IP The origina>ng router strips off the Ethernet data and sends TCP/IP packets across the LAN-‐to-‐LAN connec>on. A communica>ons protocol developed under contract from the U.S. Department of Defense to internetwork dissimilar systems. Invented by Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn, this de facto Unix standard is the protocol of the Internet and the global standard for local area networks and wide area networks, the major excep>on being the tradi>onal networks of the telephone companies.
- 6. References • IT e-‐Words hEp://e-‐words.jp/ • encyclopedia hEp://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/