The document discusses conservation biology and the importance of protecting biodiversity. It notes that 36% of assessed species are threatened with extinction, and 2% have already gone extinct, comparable to the extinction of dinosaurs. It argues that conservation needs to be viewed as an economic issue, and highlights how investing in short-term ecological preservation can bring long-term economic benefits, using New York City's investment in watershed protection as an example. The summary emphasizes that widespread species extinction will negatively impact ecosystems and human well-being.