How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
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how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
2. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 2
Learning Objectives
This chapter introduces you to
the issues macroeconomists study
the tools macroeconomists use
some important concepts in macroeconomic
analysis
3. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 3
Important issues in
macroeconomics
Why does the cost of living keep rising?
Why are millions of people unemployed,
even when the economy is booming?
What causes recessions?
Can the government do anything to combat
recessions? Should it?
Macroeconomics, the study of the economy as
a whole, addresses many topical issues:
4. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 4
Important issues in
macroeconomics
What is the government budget deficit?
How does it affect the economy?
Why does the U.S. have such a huge trade
deficit?
Why are so many countries poor?
What policies might help them grow out of
poverty?
Macroeconomics, the study of the economy as
a whole, addresses many topical issues:
5. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 5
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
U.S. Real GDP per capita
(2000 dollars)
Great
Depression
World War II
First oil
price shock
Second oil
price shock
long-run upward trend…
9/11/2001
6. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 6
U.S. inflation rate
(% per year)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
7. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 7
U.S. unemployment rate
(% of labor force)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
8. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 8
Why learn macroeconomics?
1. The macroeconomy affects society’s well-being.
Each one-point increase in the unemployment rate
is associated with:
920 more suicides
650 more homicides
4000 more people admitted to state mental
institutions
3300 more people sent to state prisons
37,000 more deaths
increases in domestic violence and homelessness
Each one-point increase in the unemployment rate
is associated with:
920 more suicides
650 more homicides
4000 more people admitted to state mental
institutions
3300 more people sent to state prisons
37,000 more deaths
increases in domestic violence and homelessness
9. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 9
Why learn macroeconomics?
2. The macroeconomy affects your well-being.
changefrom12mosearlier
percentchangefrom12mosearlier
In most years, wage growth falls
when unemployment is rising.
In most years, wage growth falls
when unemployment is rising.
10. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 10
Why learn macroeconomics?
Unemployment & inflation in election years
year U rate inflation rate elec. outcome
1976 7.7% 5.8% Carter (D)
1980 7.1% 13.5% Reagan (R)
1984 7.5% 4.3% Reagan (R)
1988 5.5% 4.1% Bush I (R)
1992 7.5% 3.0% Clinton (D)
1996 5.4% 3.3% Clinton (D)
2000 4.0% 3.4% Bush II (R)
2004 5.5% 3.3% Bush II (R)
3. The macroeconomy affects politics.
11. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 11
Economic models
…are simplified versions of a more complex reality
irrelevant details are stripped away
…are used to
show relationships between variables
explain the economy’s behavior
devise policies to improve economic
performance
12. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 12
Example of a model:
Supply & demand for new cars
shows how various events affect price and
quantity of cars
assumes the market is competitive: each buyer
and seller is too small to affect the market price
Variables:
Q d
= quantity of cars that buyers demand
Q s
= quantity that producers supply
P = price of new cars
Y = aggregate income
Ps = price of steel (an input)
13. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 13
The demand for cars
demand equation: Q d
= D (P,Y )
shows that the quantity of cars consumers
demand is related to the price of cars and
aggregate income
14. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 14
Digression: functional notation
General functional notation
shows only that the variables are related.
Q d
= D (P,Y )
A specific functional form shows
the precise quantitative relationship.
Example:
D (P,Y ) = 60 – 10P + 2Y
A list of the
variables
that affect Q d
15. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 15
The market for cars: Demand
Q
Quantity
of cars
P
Price
of cars
D
The demand curve
shows the relationship
between quantity
demanded and price,
other things equal.
demand equation:
( , )=d
Q D P Y
16. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 16
The market for cars: Supply
Q
Quantity
of cars
P
Price
of cars
D
supply equation:
( , )=s
sQ S P P S
The supply curve
shows the relationship
between quantity
supplied and price,
other things equal.
17. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 17
The market for cars: Equilibrium
Q
Quantity
of cars
P
Price
of cars S
D
equilibrium
price
equilibrium
quantity
18. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 18
The effects of an increase in income
Q
Quantity
of cars
P
Price
of cars S
D1
Q1
P1
An increase in income
increases the quantity
of cars consumers
demand at each price…
…which increases
the equilibrium price
and quantity.
P2
Q2
demand equation:
( , )=d
Q D P Y
D2
19. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 19
The effects of a steel price increase
Q
Quantity
of cars
P
Price
of cars S1
D
Q1
P1
An increase in Ps
reduces the quantity of
cars producers supply
at each price…
…which increases the
market price and
reduces the quantity.
P2
Q2
S2
supply equation:
( , )=s
sQ S P P
20. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 20
Endogenous vs. exogenous
variables
The values of endogenous variables
are determined in the model.
The values of exogenous variables
are determined outside the model:
the model takes their values & behavior
as given.
In the model of supply & demand for cars,
endogenous: , ,d s
P Q Q
exogenous: , sY P
21. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 21
Now you try:
1. Write down demand and supply
equations for wireless phones;
include two exogenous variables
in each equation.
2. Draw a supply-demand graph
for wireless phones.
3. Use your graph to show how a
change in one of your exogenous
variables affects the model’s
endogenous variables.
22. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 22
A multitude of models
No one model can address all the issues we
care about.
e.g., our supply-demand model of the car
market…
can tell us how a fall in aggregate income
affects price & quantity of cars.
cannot tell us why aggregate income falls.
23. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 23
A multitude of models
So we will learn different models for studying
different issues (e.g., unemployment, inflation,
long-run growth).
For each new model, you should keep track of
its assumptions
which variables are endogenous,
which are exogenous
the questions it can help us understand,
and those it cannot
24. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 24
Prices: flexible vs. sticky
Market clearing: An assumption that prices are
flexible, adjust to equate supply and demand.
In the short run, many prices are sticky –
adjust sluggishly in response to changes in
supply or demand. For example,
many labor contracts fix the nominal wage
for a year or longer
many magazine publishers change prices
only once every 3-4 years
25. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 25
Prices: flexible vs. sticky
The economy’s behavior depends partly on
whether prices are sticky or flexible:
If prices are sticky, then demand won’t always
equal supply. This helps explain
unemployment (excess supply of labor)
why firms cannot always sell all the goods
they produce
Long run: prices flexible, markets clear,
economy behaves very differently
26. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 26
Outline of this book:
Introductory material (Chaps. 1 & 2)
Classical Theory (Chaps. 3-6)
How the economy works in the long run, when
prices are flexible
Growth Theory (Chaps. 7-8)
The standard of living and its growth rate over the
very long run
Business Cycle Theory (Chaps. 9-13)
How the economy works in the short run, when
prices are sticky
27. CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 27
Outline of this book:
Policy debates (Chaps. 14-15)
Should the government try to smooth business
cycle fluctuations? Is the government’s debt a
problem?
Microeconomic foundations (Chaps. 16-19)
Insights from looking at the behavior of
consumers, firms, and other issues from a
microeconomic perspective
28. Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as
a whole, including
growth in incomes,
changes in the overall level of prices,
the unemployment rate.
Macroeconomists attempt to explain the
economy and to devise policies to improve its
performance.
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 28
29. Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
Economists use different models to examine
different issues.
Models with flexible prices describe the economy
in the long run; models with sticky prices
describe the economy in the short run.
Macroeconomic events and performance arise
from many microeconomic transactions, so
macroeconomics uses many of the tools of
microeconomics.
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide 29
Editor's Notes
Dear Colleague,
Thank you for trying these PowerPoints. I have worked hard to make them useful, accurate, and interesting in hopes of saving you prep time and contributing to an effective classroom experience for your students.
To help you get the most from these slides, I have prepared a README file with User Instructions, and I have annotated many individual slides with notes – visible only to you – that appear in this area of your screen.
I will be preparing minor updates about once a year between major revisions of the text, to update the data and correct typos, etc. If you find a typo or have a suggestion, please email it to me and I will consider it for the next update.
My email address is roncron@unlv.nevada.edu.
Sincerely, Ron Cronovich
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This slide and the next contain a list of some topical issues that macro can help students understand. Feel free to substitute others as new issues emerge.
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It might be useful to briefly define the unemployment rate so that students will be able to understand this and the next few slides.
Source: Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison, The Deindustrialization of America (New York: Basic Books, 1982), Chapter 3, cited in Robert J. Gordon, Macroeconomics, 4th edition (Boston: Little, Brown and Company), p.334. If you know of more recent estimates, please email me so I can update this slide!!! Thanks! (My email address is roncron@unlv.nevada.edu)
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Macroeconomics helps students understand forces that will affect their financial well-being. Here’s an example.
When the unemployment rate is rising, tens or hundreds of thousands of people are losing their jobs. This affects even those who don’t lose their jobs:
As the graph shows, during most years there is a clear negative relationship between the (12-month) change in unemployment and the annual growth rate of real wages. In plain English, rising unemployment is associated with falling (and often negative) wage growth. So when the economy goes into recession, even if our students get to keep their jobs, they will find it much harder to get a raise, and may have to accept a real wage cut.
Students find this relationship intuitive. When unemployment is rising, the supply of workers is rising faster than demand, so wages grow more slowly or even fall. Conversely, falling unemployment gives workers more bargaining power over wages, as it becomes increasingly hard for employers to replace their workers, and increasingly easy for workers to find good opportunities with other companies.
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I’d also suggest you briefly define the inflation rate (as the percentage increase in the cost of living) to help students understand this slide.
Main point of this data: The state of the economy has a huge impact on election outcomes. When the economy is doing poorly, there tends to be a change in the party that controls the White House.
1976: The rates of inflation () and unemployment (u) both high. Incumbent (Ford, R) loses.
1980: u still high, even higher. Incumbent (Carter, D) loses.
1984: u still high, but much lower. Incumbent (Reagan) wins.
1988: the same, u much lower. Incumbent party wins.
1992: low, but u much higher (and was higher yet in 1991). Incumbent loses.
1996: u much lower, incumbent wins.
2000: Economy doing great, and incumbent party candidate (Gore, D) wins majority of popular vote, but loses electoral college to challenger.
2004: u somewhat higher, but lower than in 2001 recession; low; incumbent wins
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Students will realize that the auto market is not competitive. However, if all we want to know is how an increase in the price of steel or a fall in consumer income affects the price and quantity of autos, then it’s fine to use this model.
In general, making unrealistic assumptions is okay, even desirable, if they simplify the analysis without affecting its validity.
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We often aren’t concerned with the exact quantitative relationship between variables, so we will often just use the general functional notation.
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Endogenous variables: price of wireless phones, quantity of wireless phones
Exogenous variables:
consumer income
price of wireless phone service (a complement)
price of landline phones & phone service (a substitute)
technology
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The portion of the book described on this slide comprises the core material. It is organized around time horizons: the long run (flexible prices), the very long run (growth in capital, the population, and technology itself), and the short run (sticky prices and economic fluctuations).
But wait! There’s more! See the next slide….
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All of the chapters listed on this slide are very good, but some instructors find that the semester isn’t always long enough to cover all of this material. Feel free to select chapters from these parts that best match the needs and interests of you and your students.
*** Are you covering Chapter 2 next? The PowerPoint presentation for Chapter 2 includes some in-class exercises to immediately reinforce concepts as they are presented. These exercises also help break up the lecture into smaller pieces. If you’d like to try them, please ask your students to bring calculators to the next class meeting.