This document provides an overview of macroeconomics concepts from a textbook. It discusses what macroeconomists study, including issues like recessions, government spending, and inflation. It also covers the tools macroeconomists use, such as economic models, and key concepts around prices being flexible or sticky in the short and long run. The document outlines the chapters in the textbook, which cover classical economic theory, growth theory, business cycles, and macroeconomic policy.
To develop the candidate understands and ability to apply, analyzes, and interprets the fundamental principles of economics in relation to the business environment both in the domestic and global economies.
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how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
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To develop the candidate understands and ability to apply, analyzes, and interprets the fundamental principles of economics in relation to the business environment both in the domestic and global economies.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
2. CHAPTER 3 National Income
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
IN THIS CHAPTER, YOU WILL LEARN:
About the issues
macroeconomists study
About the tools
macroeconomists use
Some important concepts in
macroeconomic analysis
3. Important issues in macroeconomics Part 1
Macroeconomics—the study of the economy as a whole—
addresses many topical issues, such as:
What causes recessions? What is “government stimulus,”
and why might it help?
How can problems in the housing market spread to the rest
of the economy?
What is the government budget deficit? How does it affect
workers, consumers, businesses, and taxpayers?
4. Important issues in macroeconomics Part 2
Macroeconomics—the study of the economy as a whole—
addresses many topical issues, such as:
Why does the cost of living keep rising?
Why are so many countries poor? What policies might help
them grow out of poverty?
What is the trade deficit? How does it affect a country’s well-
being?
8. Economic models
…are simplified versions of more complex realities
with irrelevant details stripped away
…are used to:
show relationships between variables
explain the economy’s behavior
devise policies to improve economic performance
9. Example of a model: Supply and demand for new cars
Shows how various events affect the price and quantity of
cars
Assumes the market is competitive: Each buyer and seller is
too small to affect the market price
Variables
Qd = quantity of cars that buyers demand
Qs = quantity of cars that producers supply
P = price of new cars
Y = aggregate income
Ps = price of steel (an input)
10. The demand for cars
Demand equation: Q d = D (P, Y )
Shows that the quantity of cars consumers demand is
related to the price of cars and aggregate income
11. Digression: Functional notation
General functional notation
Shows only that the variables are related.
Qd = D(P, Y) The list of
variables that
affect QD
A specific functional form shows the precise
quantitative relationship.
Example:
D (P, Y ) = 60 – 10P + 2Y
12. The market for cars: Demand
Demand equation:
Qd = D(P, Y)
The demand curve
shows the relationship
between quantity
demanded and price,
other things equal.
13. The market for cars: Supply
Supply equation:
Qs = S(P, PS)
The supply curve
shows the relationship
between quantity
supplied and price,
other things equal.
15. The effects of an increase in income
Demand equation:
Qd = D(P, Y)
An increase in income
increases the quantity
of cars consumers
demand at each price…
…which increases
the equilibrium price
and quantity.
16. The effects of a steel price increase
Supply equation:
Qs = S(P, PS)
An increase in Ps
reduces the quantity of
cars producers supply at
each price…
…which increases
the market price and
reduces the quantity.
17. Endogenous versus exogenous variables
The values of endogenous variables are determined in the
model.
The values of exogenous variables are determined outside
the model: The model takes their values and behaviors
as given.
In the model of supply and demand for cars,
endogenous variables: P, Qd, Qs
exogenous variables: Y, Ps
18. NOW YOU TRY
Supply and demand
1. Write down demand and supply equations for
smartphones, include two exogenous variables in each
equation.
2. Draw a supply–demand graph for smartphones and
identify the equilibrium price and quantity.
3. Use your graph to show how a change in one of your
exogenous variables affects the model’s endogenous
variables.
19. The use of multiple models, part 1
No single model can address all the issues we care about.
For example, our supply–demand model of the car market:
• can tell us how a fall in aggregate income affects price
and quantity of cars
• cannot tell us why aggregate income falls
20. The use of multiple models, part 2
We will learn different models for studying different issues
(e.g., unemployment, inflation, long-run growth).
For each new model, you should keep track of:
• its assumptions
• which variables are endogenous and which are
exogenous
• the questions it can help us understand and those it
cannot
21. Prices: Flexible versus sticky, part 1
Market clearing: An assumption that prices are flexible and
adjust to equate supply and demand.
In the short run, many prices are sticky—adjust sluggishly
in response to changes in supply or demand. For example:
• many labor contracts fix the nominal wage for a year
or longer
• many magazine publishers change prices only once
every 3 to 4 years
22. Prices: Flexible versus sticky, part 2
The economy’s behavior depends partly on whether prices
are sticky or flexible:
• If prices are sticky (short run), demand may not equal
supply, which explains:
• unemployment (excess supply of labor)
• why firms cannot always sell all the goods they
produce
• If prices are flexible (long run), markets clear, and the
economy behaves very differently.
23. Outline of this book (1 of 2)
Introductory material (Chapters 1, 2)
Classical theory (Chapters 3–7)
How the economy works in the long run, when prices are
flexible
Growth theory (Chapters 8–10)
The standard of living and its growth rate over the very long
run
Business cycle theory (Chapters 11–15)
How the economy works in the short run, when prices are
sticky
24. Outline of this book (2 of 2)
Macroeconomic theory (Chapters 16–18)
Macroeconomic dynamics, models of consumer behavior,
theories of firms’ investment decisions
Macroeconomic policy (Chapters 19–20)
Stabilization policy, government debt and deficits, financial
crises
25. CHAPTER 3 National Income
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
C H A P T E R S U M M A R Y , P A R T 1
Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a
whole, including:
growth in incomes
changes in the overall level of prices
the unemployment rate
Macroeconomists attempt to explain the economy and to
devise policies to improve its performance.
26. CHAPTER 3 National Income
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
C H A P T E R S U M M A R Y , P A R T 2
Economists use different models to examine different
issues.
Models with flexible prices describe the economy in
the long run; models with sticky prices describe the
economy in the short run.
Macroeconomic events and performance arise from
many microeconomic transactions, so
macroeconomics uses many of the tools of
microeconomics.