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1. ENVIRONMENT STUDIES
BBM
THE ROLE OF ECOSYSTEM IN
URBAN AREAS AND THEIR
ECONOMIC VALUE TO THE
DEVELOPING NATION
BY : SOUMYA KUMARI
(USCBB23266)

2. INTRODUCTION
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Urban areas, characterized by their bustling streets, towering skyscrapers, and dense
populations, often seem disconnected from the natural world. However, within the concrete
jungles, there exists a network of ecosystems that play vital roles in supporting both the
environment and the well-being of urban dwellers. These urban ecosystems, comprising parks,
green spaces, wetlands, and even roadside vegetation, serve as essential components of city
life, offering a myriad of benefits that extend far beyond their boundaries. From regulating air
quality and temperature to providing recreational spaces and supporting biodiversity, the role of
ecosystems in urban areas is indispensable. In this discussion, we explore the multifaceted
contributions of urban ecosystems, highlighting their importance in creating sustainable and
livable cities for present and future generations.

3. 3
2
TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICE IN
URBAN AREAS
• AIR QUALITY: Urban vegetation filters pollutants, enhancing air quality.
• TEMPERATURE REGULATION: Green spaces mitigate urban heat
island effects.
• FLOOD CONTROL: Wetlands and permeable surfaces manage stormwater
runoff.
• FOOD PRODUCTION: Urban agriculture and community gardens provide fresh
produce.
• RECREATION: Parks and greenways offer spaces for leisure and exercise.
• BIODIVERSITY SUPPORT: Urban ecosystems harbor diverse plant and animal
species.
• POLLINATION SERVICES: Bees and other pollinators support urban agriculture
and plant life.
• AESTHETIC VALUE: Green spaces enhance urban aesthetics and cultural
experiences.
• EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES: Parks and natural areas provide learning
environments for residents.

4. 4
IMPORTANCE OF ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES IN URBAN AREAS
1.Ecosystem services in urban areas regulate air quality, reducing pollution and
promoting public health.
2.They mitigate the urban heat island effect, moderating temperatures and enhancing
urban comfort.
3.Urban ecosystems manage stormwater runoff, minimizing flooding and improving
water quality.
4.Green spaces in cities provide recreational opportunities, fostering physical and
mental well-being.
5.Biodiversity supported by urban ecosystems enhances ecological resilience and
ecosystem stability.
6.Urban agriculture and green infrastructure contribute to local food production and
food security.
7.Aesthetic value provided by green spaces enhances urban landscapes and quality
of life .
8.Access to nature in cities promotes social cohesion and community interaction.

5. 5
IMPORTANCE OF POLICY FRAMEWORK
INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
INTO URBAN PLANNING
1.Enhances resilience: By considering ecosystem services, cities can better
withstand environmental shocks like floods and heatwaves.
2.Promotes public health: Incorporating green spaces and clean air into urban
planning improves residents' physical and mental well-being.
3.Supports biodiversity: Urban policies that protect and enhance ecosystems
preserve biodiversity and ecological balance within cities.
4.Drives economic growth: Leveraging ecosystem services attracts investments,
enhances property values, and boosts tourism and recreation opportunities.
5.Facilitates resource efficiency: Planning that integrates ecosystem services
promotes efficient use of water, land, and energy resources.
6.Reduces infrastructure costs: Nature-based solutions can provide cost-effective
alternatives to traditional infrastructure for water management and climate resilience.

6. 6
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EFFECTS OF URBANISATION ON
ECOSYSTEM SERVICE VALUES: A CASE
STUDY OF NHA TRANG, VIETNAM
Anthropogenic activities have significantly reshaped the environmental landscape and altered land
composition, thereby negatively affecting the structures and functions of ecosystem. Paradoxically,
complex conditions and procedures of ecosystem operations generate a range of goods and
services on which humans rely upon to thrive. This study examines the land-use transition and
ecosystem service value changes in Nha Trang, Vietnam in order to understand and quantify the
impacts of urbanisation patterns on ecosystems. Changes in the value of ecosystem services were
acquired based on modified value coefficients from previous studies and land-use/landcover
information derived from Landsat satellite imagery in the years 1990, 2000, 2011, and 2020. The
results show a significant decrease in ecosystem service value associated with the expansion and
densification of urban areas over the past 30 years. Total annual value increased from 148.7 million
USD in 1990–172.2 million USD in 2000 due to the success of forest rehabilitation efforts, followed
by a decline to 149.3 million USD in 2020 because of the rapid development of urban agglomeration
at the expense of cultivated land. Drawing from the outcomes, we suggest that the priority of
regional land-use planning should be given to ecosystem-based approaches rather than inadequate
urban expansion. Hence, guidelines to incorporate the ecosystem service concept into urban
planning are proposed to promote climate-resilient city management and sustainable development.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837723000650

7. 7
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the role of ecosystems in urban areas and their economic
value to developing nations is pivotal for sustainable urban development and
economic prosperity. Urban ecosystems provide a multitude of benefits,
including provisioning services such as food production and water supply,
regulating services like air and water quality regulation, supporting services
such as biodiversity conservation and soil fertility maintenance, and cultural
services including recreation and aesthetic enjoyment. These ecosystem
services contribute directly to economic productivity, public health, tourism
revenue, property values, climate change resilience, and social equity in
urban areas. Recognizing the importance of urban ecosystems and
integrating them into urban planning and policy frameworks is essential for
fostering resilient, livable, and prosperous cities in developing nations,
ensuring long-term sustainability and well-being for urban residents and
future generations.

8. THANK YOU!