presentation

1. Land Development
 Conversion of raw land into construction ready housing, commercial, or industrial building sites. Land development process involves
improvements that have indefinite life, such as draining, dredging, excavating, filling, grading, paving, etc.

 Creating places for people that will be cherished for generations to come and investments with growth potential and lasting value.
 IN Nepal have not been as successful as in the developed countries; however, refined schemes have developed over time.
Need for Land Development
 A Successful planning projects and policies which eventually is for the betterment of lives of people.
 An environment of peace and prosperity that everyone wishes for.
 Highlights the potential environmental impacts, resource sustainability and their resulting regulatory context.
 Utilize private sector initiative, energy, and resources to execute tasks which it has traditionally thought government must do.
The advantages of guided land development are listed in the points below:
 context of our country, the guided land development program has been successful for widening of roads for proper right of way.
 The ongoing guided land development scheme has provided a framework and basis fdevelopment in the haphazardly urbanizing
fringe areas of municipalities where, without it, there would be clumsy and congested settlements.
 Encourages land owners to realize the increased value of their privately governed land
 Participatory process so the land is acquired with minimum conflict for development.

2. Fig: Basic concept of land pooling
Source: Oli, land pooling: the public private participatory urban development in Nepal, n.d
2

3. Unit types
Type of Housing
Row Houses
Detached Houses
Attached Housing
Apartments

4. Row Housings/ Terraced Housing
Buildings in a row, sharing side walls
 A row of identical or mirror-image houses.
 They share side walls.
 The first and last of these houses is called an end terrace.

5. Detached Housings
Detached building for a single dwelling unit
 It is a free-standing residential building.
 Generally found in less dense urban areas the suburbs of
cities, and rural areas.
 Surrounded by a garden.
 Garages can also be found on most lots.
 Houses types:
 Cottage
 Bungalow
 Villa
 Mansion

6. Attached/ Semi-Detached Housing
Buildings in a row, sharing side walls
 They consist of pairs of houses built side by side as units.
 They share a party wall.
 Usually each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin.
 This type of housing is a half-way state between terraced
and detached houses.

7. Apartment
Buildings in a row, sharing side walls
 An apartment, flat or unit is a self-contained housing
unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies only
part of a building, generally on a single storey.

8. Densities by residential type
Type Far Families per hectare
Net Density Neighborhood density
Single family Up to 0.2 Up to 20 Up to 12
Two family detached 0.3 25-30 18
Row houses 0.5 40-60 30
Stacked town houses 0.8 60-100 45
3 storey walkup apt 1.0 100-115 50
6 storey elevator apt 1.4 160-190 75

9. Urban Density
Urban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to
refer to the number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. .
Much urban planning theory, particularly in North America, the UK,
Australia and New Zealand has been developed premised on raising
urban densities, such as New Urbanism, Transit-oriented
development, and Smart growth.

10. Urban Density
There are a variety of other ways of measuring the density of urban areas:
• Floor Area Ratio - the total floor area of buildings divided by land area of the lot upon
which the buildings are built
• Residential Density - the number of dwelling units in any given area
• Population Density - the number of human persons in any given area
• Employment Density - the number of jobs in any given area
• Gross Density - any density figure for a given area of land that includes uses not
necessarily directly relevant to the figure (usually roads and other transport
infrastructure)
• Net Density - a density figure for a given area of land that excludes land not directly
related to the figure.
• Weighted Density - a density metric which measures the density at which the average
citizen lives. It is determined by calculating the standard density of each census tract,
assigning each a weight equal to its share of the total population, and then adding
the segments.
Population density 108 person/ha to 123 person/ha in international standards, whereas
in context of Nepal, according to KVTDC, for medium city like Kathmandu valley, it is 200
to 205 person/ha.

11. LAND DIVISION
LAND BLOCK SIZE PLOT SIZE
Larger block =
less road network =
dense population
small block =
more road network =
less dense population
Length 100-200 meters
Mid-block break providing a
pedestrian link when blocks are over
130 meters
Depth 40-80 meters

12. Different block size:

13. Plot size (National context)
minimum size 80 sq m
frontage of 6 m
depths of the blocks varies 30m to 50 depending on the parcel sizes of
land owners.
Generally plot depth will be 2.2-2.5 times of frontage and will not exceed
of the 3 times of frontage.
30-40m
6m min
80 sq. m

14. SUSTAINABILITY
Neighbourhood planning offers communities, the opportunity to develop a positive vision of their future. Pioneering towns, villages and neighbourhoods are
already mapping out ambitious plans that will improve quality of life and at the same time make the transition to a low carbon energy and transport system.
Basically we can find the sustainability to approach the ultimate goal of quality life.
 Infrastructure sustainability
 Religious sustainability
 Topographic sustainability
Green infrastructure
 Encompasses a variety of water management practices, such as vegetated rooftops, roadside plantings, absorbent gardens, and other
measures that capture, filter, and reduce stormwater.
 Cuts down on the amount of flooding and reduces the polluted runoff that reaches sewers, streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Green
infrastructure captures the rain where it falls.
 It mimics natural hydrological processes and uses natural elements such as soil and plants to turn rainfall into a resource instead of a
waste. It also increases the quality and quantity of local water supplies and provides myriad other environmental, economic, and health
benefits—often in nature-starved urban areas.
Gray infrastructure(Managing Water in sustainable way)
 It is the more traditional (and often more expensive) water management systems that green infrastructure often complements and can sometimes replace.
 Relies on hard infrastructure—such as storm drains, concrete, and pipes—to collect and channel stormwater (sometimes treated, oftentimes not) into
waterways.
 It does not provide the same range of benefits as green infrastructure,

15. Effects of pollution
 Stormwater runoff
 Stormwater pollution
 Impaired water quality
 Erosion
 Sewage overflows
 Economic toll
Benefits of Green infrastructure
 Reduces flooding
 Increase water supply
 Smog and heat mitigation
 Health benefits
 Reduces costs
 Quality of life improvements

16. Types of green infrastructure
 Green roofs
 Blue roofs
 Downspout disconnection
 Rainwater harvesting
 Rain gardens
 Bioswales
 Urban tree canopy
 Permeable pavement
 Green parking lots
 Green streets

17. Fig: Burgess concentric model Fig: Illustration of the Burgess Zone model
Fig: Illustration of the Burgess Zone model
SOME STANDARD MODEL FOR SUSTAINANABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
(INFRASTRUCTURAL SUSTAINABILITY)

18. Fig: Hyot’s Sector Model
Fig: Multiple Nuclei Model Fig: Garden City
Fig: The Radburn Model

19. Road junctions
Street and layout
Fig: more desirable street layout Fig: more desirable street intersection
Fig: more desirable corner lot Fig: undesirable lot layout
Fig: Undesirable offset street
Fig: Provision for future street expansion

20. Fig: Street and Layout
Typical Street Arrangement
Fig: The straight street-Improved design Fig: Cul-de-sac
Fig: A group around a green Fig: Loop Fig: T-junction: Improved design

21. Underground Supply
An underground cable consists of one or more conductors covered with some suitable insulating
material and surrounded by a protecting cover. The cable is laid underground to transmit electrical
power.
It ensures the continuity of supply apart from the following advantages:
 It ensures non – interrupted continuity of supply.
 Its maintenance is less.
 It has a long life.
 Its appearance is good.
 It eliminates hazards of electrocution due to breakage of overhead conductors.
Fig: Conceal Wiring

22. FIGURE 2: STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Public education
Appropriate policy/ law
and enforcement
Special/Hazardous waste
management
Sanitary landfilling of
non-recyclables
Maximize composting
and recycling
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROTOCAL
Effective collection
Environmentally sound, cost effective,
and efficient integrated solid waste
management system with maximum
community and private participation
Effective management
andmonitoring
Efficient transfer and
transportation

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24. A Complete / Whole RWH Jar (Tank) construction process
RWH tank foundation layout Concrete & reinforcement
Completed foundation with washout and
overflow pipes
Sizing HDPE pipe for maintaining the proper size and
shape of tank
Installing round HDPE pipe and reinforcement,
that gives the proper shape of tank
Fixing HDPE pipe as fo mwork Fixing the chicken wire mesh over the formwork
Plastering the tank
Stone soling in tank foundation
Using harvested rainwater at HH
Completed Ferro-cement tank
Completed tank and pipe system
View of complete system

25. “
We were ignoring god’
s
blessings and creating a
chaos for ourselves”
,
expresses Jeet Bahadur
Khadka Basnet from
Laxmipur‐Barduvillage.
A women washing dishes with the collected rain water
at Bhutane Chowk
RWH technology at a household in Bardu village
~ 8 ~
Family Posing for a picture; RWH storage tank, gutter, washout and overflow pipes
along with delivery taps and platform in background
Roof (Catchment Area) Gutter Delivery Pipe
Overflow Pipe
Water Storage Tank
Water delivery tap
First flushing pipe
Platform