Green minimalist professional Business Proposal Presentation_20240411_145214_0000.pptx
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Tiger pest control
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01_Weeds_Agricultural_Perspective.pptx
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This document discusses biorational pesticides, which are defined as having fundamentally different and lower risk modes of action than conventional pesticides. It covers the history of pesticide use, the regulatory drivers for developing reduced-risk pesticides, and how biorationals fit into integrated pest management approaches. The document also describes different types of biorational products like insect growth regulators, microbials, botanicals, and neonicotinoids. It discusses how biorationals can help improve sustainability in agriculture, public health, and natural resource management by providing effective pest control while being safer for humans and the environment.
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Tiger pest control
Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest, a member of the animal kingdom that impacts adversely on human activities. The human response depends on the importance of the damage done, and will range from tolerance, through deterrence and management, to attempts to completely eradicate the pest. Pest control measures may be performed as part of an integrated pest management strategy.
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This document provides an overview and classification of biopesticides. It discusses how globalization and sustainable agriculture have increased the importance of using biological pest control methods. It then classifies biopesticides into four categories: (1) microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes used for insect control, (2) botanical pesticides derived from plants, (3) biorational pesticides that regulate insect growth, and (4) genetically modified crops containing genes from Bacillus thuringiensis that code for insecticidal proteins. Specific examples are given for commonly used biopesticides in each category.
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The document discusses the negative environmental impacts of commercial agriculture, including chemical buildup from pesticides and fertilizers, loss of biodiversity, and unsustainable practices that have led to problems like farmer suicides. It then introduces organic farming as an alternative that can address these issues by reducing chemical inputs, increasing self-sufficiency, and protecting the environment, food quality, and farmer livelihoods. The document also discusses types of pest management techniques used in organic farming, including cultural, physical, biological and use of pest-resistant plant varieties.
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Weeds are plants that are unwanted in a particular situation or place. They compete with crops for water, nutrients, sunlight and space, reducing crop yields by 30-90%. The top three causes of agricultural losses are weeds (45%), insects (30%) and diseases (25%). Weeds can be classified in various ways, including by morphology, physiology, habitat, origin and lifecycle. Integrated weed management aims to control weeds through prevention, eradication, and the combined use of mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical methods. While weeds are generally seen as harmful, they can also provide some benefits such as adding organic matter and nutrients to soil.
Arthropod predators and insect pest control
Insect pests are those insect species that are injurious or a nuisance. They cause injury or damage to crops in the field and grains in storage. Man and his domesticated animals are also attacked by insect pests. Arthropod predators belong to the phylum Arthropoda and are most times beneficial in the control of insect pests. Arthropod predators are members of the phylum Arthropoda which capture and feed on the prey. They are generally larger than their prey and kill or consume many prey during their life time.
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This document discusses biorational pesticides, which are defined as having fundamentally different and lower risk modes of action than conventional pesticides. It covers the history of pesticide use, the regulatory drivers for developing reduced-risk pesticides, and how biorationals fit into integrated pest management approaches. The document also describes different types of biorational products like insect growth regulators, microbials, botanicals, and neonicotinoids. It discusses how biorationals can help improve sustainability in agriculture, public health, and natural resource management by providing effective pest control while being safer for humans and the environment.
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This document discusses biological control or biocontrol, which uses other organisms to control pests like insects, weeds, and plant diseases. There are three main methods of biological control: importation, augmentation, and conservation. Importation involves introducing a pest's natural enemies into a new area. Augmentation boosts populations of natural enemies that already exist in an area. Conservation protects and supports existing natural enemies like providing nectar plants to boost parasitoids and predators. Common biocontrol agents include predators like ladybugs and lacewings, parasitoids like wasps and flies, and pathogens like Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria and Beauveria bassiana fungus.
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Biopesticides are naturally occurring substances derived from animals or plants that can control pests without being toxic. They are biodegradable, non-persistent, non-toxic, and cost-effective alternatives to chemical pesticides. There are several types of biopesticides including microbial pesticides, plant-incorporated protectants, biochemical pesticides, and botanical pesticides. Common examples used are Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria to control caterpillars and fungi to control insects like whiteflies. Overall, biopesticides provide a safer and more sustainable approach to pest control compared to chemical pesticides.
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BIOLOGICAL_CONTROL.pdf
Biological control uses natural enemies like predators, parasites, and pathogens to control pest populations. There are three main types: conservation of existing natural enemies, classical biological control which introduces new natural enemies, and augmentation which supplements existing natural enemies. Biological control provides a progressive alternative to chemicals and can provide permanent control with low costs. However, some introductions have harmed non-target species. Biopesticides include microbial, plant-incorporated, and biochemical pesticides derived from natural materials and tend to pose less risk than conventional pesticides while effectively controlling pests when used as part of integrated pest management.
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This document discusses pesticides and their environmental impacts. It describes how pesticides are commonly used to control pests that damage crops but can harm non-target species and accumulate up food chains. Some key issues are pesticides polluting soil, air and water; killing beneficial organisms; and reaching toxic levels in top predators through biomagnification. The document also presents alternatives like organic farming that minimize pesticide use through ecological methods, and integrated pest management that employs multiple techniques.
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IPM- Integrated Pest Management Strategies
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable system that uses cultural, biological, and chemical methods to manage pests. It aims to provide the most cost-effective and environmentally sound pest control. IPM was developed after WWII and involves monitoring pest levels, preventing infestations, and only using pesticides as a last resort. Methods include mechanical controls, biological controls like ladybugs that eat aphids, and responsible use of chemicals. IPM requires constant monitoring but provides benefits like reduced economic risks and more sustainable pest management.
Biological weed management
Weeds are undesirable plants that have taken over areas that should be the area of desirable ones.
With the increasing international trade of crop it is become global problem of invasive weed due to contamination.
In the developing countries, weeding accounts for up to 60% of the total pre-harvest labor input
There are basically four approaches of weed management
Mechanical method,
Cultural method,
Biological method and
Chemical method
The Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) considered biological control techniques as a part of weed management strategy.
The population of weeds can be decreased through the
biological control method, but weeds cannot be completely
eliminated.
All the weed types can not be managed with this technique at a time.
Every weed has a unique characters for defeating crops, so it
is important to understand its habits in order to understand
how to get rid of weeds
APPROACHES OF BIOLOGICAL WEED MANAGEMENT
Two major types of biological weed control
Classic (or inoculative) Approach
Commonly used technique and involves the introduction of
natural enemies from their native range into an exotic
range where their host plant has become a weed.
Considered to be an ecological response because the agent reduces the weed population below the socioeconomic or ecological threshold
Non-Classical (or inundative)approach
Inundative strategy involves mass-production and application
of a host-specific agent at high inoculum levels over a localized
area infested with the target weed (Charudattan, 1991).
Weed control using this approach is relatively short-term and
the biological control agent is not expected to be self
sustaining.
CHARACTERISTIC OF BIO-AGENT
For a bioherbicide to be successful, the pathogen must:
produce abundant and durable inoculum in culture,
be target specific,
Bioagent hardiness,
be capable of infecting and killing a significant portion of the weed population under a variety of environmental conditions.
The Wonder of Vermiculture
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This document discusses integrated pest management (IPM) and integrated disease management (IDM) strategies for organic farming. It provides details on various cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that can be used as part of IPM to minimize pest populations below economic injury levels. These include practices like sanitation, tillage, adjusting planting times and plant populations, using balanced fertilizers, water management, and habitat diversification. The document also discusses using natural enemies and biocontrol agents as part of biological pest management strategies, and provides examples like using birds, trap cropping, pheromone traps, and yellow sticky boards. For disease management, it outlines principles of exclusion, elimination, avoidance, protection, resistance, and therapy.
Biological weed management
Weeds are undesirable plants that have taken over areas that should be the area of desirable ones.
With the increasing international trade of crop it is become global problem of invasive weed due to contamination.
In the developing countries, weeding accounts for up to 60% of the total pre-harvest labor input
There are basically four approaches of weed management
Mechanical method,
Cultural method,
Biological method and
Chemical method
The Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) considered biological control techniques as a part of weed management strategy.
The population of weeds can be decreased through the
biological control method, but weeds cannot be completely
eliminated.
All the weed types can not be managed with this technique at a time.
Every weed has a unique characters for defeating crops, so it
is important to understand its habits in order to understand
how to get rid of weeds
APPROACHES OF BIOLOGICAL WEED MANAGEMENT
Two major types of biological weed control
Classic (or inoculative) Approach
Commonly used technique and involves the introduction of
natural enemies from their native range into an exotic
range where their host plant has become a weed.
Considered to be an ecological response because the agent reduces the weed population below the socioeconomic or ecological threshold
Non-Classical (or inundative)approach
Inundative strategy involves mass-production and application
of a host-specific agent at high inoculum levels over a localized
area infested with the target weed (Charudattan, 1991).
Weed control using this approach is relatively short-term and
the biological control agent is not expected to be self
sustaining.
CHARACTERISTIC OF BIO-AGENT
For a bioherbicide to be successful, the pathogen must:
produce abundant and durable inoculum in culture,
be target specific,
Bioagent hardiness,
be capable of infecting and killing a significant portion of the weed population under a variety of environmental conditions.
Dealing with Common Garden Pests: Prevention and Control
Gardening can be an immensely satisfying and peaceful pastime, allowing us to connect with nature and reap the rewards of our hard work. However, the journey to a beautiful garden can be challenging, as it often involves facing off against unwanted visitors: garden pests. These pesky invaders come in various forms, from tiny insects to larger mammals, and they can turn your flourishing garden into a battleground.
Integrated Pest Management
This document outlines the development of an integrated pest management (IPM) program for greenhouse tomatoes in Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe. It discusses the major insect and disease pests that affect greenhouse tomatoes and presents cultural, biological, and chemical approaches to control pests. The cultural methods include exclusion of pests, sanitation, and scouting. Biological controls involve the use of beneficial organisms. Chemical controls are a last resort and include selective insecticides and miticides. The document concludes that a successful IPM program combines these approaches and involves identifying pests, monitoring populations, setting action thresholds, preventing problems, and using integrated tools.
3. Biological control of weeds A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan
Australia was struggling with widespread infestation of prickly pear cactus in 1925. A small moth from Argentina was introduced that helped decimate the prickly pear population within 10 years, reducing the affected area to just 1% of what it was originally. Biological weed control uses living organisms like insects, fungi and bacteria to reduce weed populations by disrupting their ability to capture sunlight, take up water and nutrients, and reproduce. It is a natural method of control that can help restore ecological balance, but usually needs to be integrated with other control methods and requires long-term monitoring to evaluate effectiveness.
Biopesticide & Biofertilizer - useful for Biotechnology
Biopesticides are derived from natural sources as alternatives to chemical pesticides. They include microbial pesticides using microbes, and plant-incorporated protectants that genetically modify plants. Microbial herbicides and insecticides control unwanted plants and insects using fungi, bacteria, viruses and entomopathogenic fungi. Biofertilizers are microorganisms that fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, or promote plant growth. They improve soil fertility and provide nutrients to plants, but require large amounts and special storage conditions.
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Biopesticides are naturally occurring substances derived from animals or plants that can control pests without being toxic. They are biodegradable, non-persistent, non-toxic, and cost-effective alternatives to chemical pesticides. There are several types of biopesticides including microbial pesticides, plant-incorporated protectants, biochemical pesticides, and botanical pesticides. Common examples used are Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria to control caterpillars and fungi to control insects like whiteflies. Overall, biopesticides provide a safer and more sustainable approach to pest control compared to chemical pesticides.
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https://www.rootmaxmycorrhizae.com/mycorrhizae-fungi
Gardening Project
This gardening project deals with plant diseases and control measures. It discusses 4 main topics: 1) control of plant diseases through quarantine, cultural, plant resistance, chemical, biological and integrated methods, 2) biological control through importation, augmentation and conservation, 3) common pesticides and insecticides like organochlorides and organophosphates, and 4) common agricultural equipment. The document provides details on types of control measures for plant diseases and explains biological control methods in more depth.
biopesticides and its virulence and pathogenicity
the ppt provide information related to biopesticide and its mass production
biorational insecticides notes ppt for B.Sc agriculture students
The document discusses the history and concept of biopesticides. It notes that biopesticides are derived from living organisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses or plants and are generally less toxic than chemical pesticides. The overuse of chemical pesticides has led to problems like pest resistance, environmental pollution and effects on non-target organisms. Biopesticides provide a more environmentally friendly approach to pest management and control pests in a targeted manner with less impact on beneficial organisms. The document outlines some examples of commonly used biopesticides and their mechanisms of action.
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Pests are organisms that compete with or damage crops, reducing yields. The main categories of pests are vertebrates, invertebrates, weeds, and diseases. Pests globally reduce crop yields by 42% and cause major economic losses for farmers. Crop protection manages these threats through disciplines like entomology, plant pathology, weed science, and integrated pest management, which uses natural controls and minimizes pesticide use for sustainable agriculture.
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This document discusses pesticides and their environmental impacts. It describes how monocultures create ideal conditions for pest populations to thrive. Pesticides are commonly used to control pests, but they can harm non-target species and accumulate in organisms through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Long-term pesticide use can also lead to pest resistance. The document advocates for alternative pest control methods like those used in organic farming to reduce pesticide dependence.
BIOLOGICAL_CONTROL.pdf
Biological control uses natural enemies like predators, parasites, and pathogens to control pest populations. There are three main types: conservation of existing natural enemies, classical biological control which introduces new natural enemies, and augmentation which supplements existing natural enemies. Biological control provides a progressive alternative to chemicals and can provide permanent control with low costs. However, some introductions have harmed non-target species. Biopesticides include microbial, plant-incorporated, and biochemical pesticides derived from natural materials and tend to pose less risk than conventional pesticides while effectively controlling pests when used as part of integrated pest management.
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This document discusses pesticides and their environmental impacts. It describes how pesticides are commonly used to control pests that damage crops but can harm non-target species and accumulate up food chains. Some key issues are pesticides polluting soil, air and water; killing beneficial organisms; and reaching toxic levels in top predators through biomagnification. The document also presents alternatives like organic farming that minimize pesticide use through ecological methods, and integrated pest management that employs multiple techniques.
Bio pesticides
This document discusses biopesticides as an alternative to chemical pesticides in India. It begins with an introduction on how chemical pesticides and fertilizers have negatively impacted the environment. It then defines pesticides and biopesticides. The main types of biopesticides discussed are microbial (including bacteria like Bt and fungi), biochemical (such as neem extracts), and plant-incorporated protectants. Specific examples of microbial biopesticides targeting various pests are provided. The document emphasizes that biopesticides are less toxic and more targeted than chemical pesticides, reducing environmental impacts.
IPM- Integrated Pest Management Strategies
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable system that uses cultural, biological, and chemical methods to manage pests. It aims to provide the most cost-effective and environmentally sound pest control. IPM was developed after WWII and involves monitoring pest levels, preventing infestations, and only using pesticides as a last resort. Methods include mechanical controls, biological controls like ladybugs that eat aphids, and responsible use of chemicals. IPM requires constant monitoring but provides benefits like reduced economic risks and more sustainable pest management.
Biological weed management
Weeds are undesirable plants that have taken over areas that should be the area of desirable ones.
With the increasing international trade of crop it is become global problem of invasive weed due to contamination.
In the developing countries, weeding accounts for up to 60% of the total pre-harvest labor input
There are basically four approaches of weed management
Mechanical method,
Cultural method,
Biological method and
Chemical method
The Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) considered biological control techniques as a part of weed management strategy.
The population of weeds can be decreased through the
biological control method, but weeds cannot be completely
eliminated.
All the weed types can not be managed with this technique at a time.
Every weed has a unique characters for defeating crops, so it
is important to understand its habits in order to understand
how to get rid of weeds
APPROACHES OF BIOLOGICAL WEED MANAGEMENT
Two major types of biological weed control
Classic (or inoculative) Approach
Commonly used technique and involves the introduction of
natural enemies from their native range into an exotic
range where their host plant has become a weed.
Considered to be an ecological response because the agent reduces the weed population below the socioeconomic or ecological threshold
Non-Classical (or inundative)approach
Inundative strategy involves mass-production and application
of a host-specific agent at high inoculum levels over a localized
area infested with the target weed (Charudattan, 1991).
Weed control using this approach is relatively short-term and
the biological control agent is not expected to be self
sustaining.
CHARACTERISTIC OF BIO-AGENT
For a bioherbicide to be successful, the pathogen must:
produce abundant and durable inoculum in culture,
be target specific,
Bioagent hardiness,
be capable of infecting and killing a significant portion of the weed population under a variety of environmental conditions.
The Wonder of Vermiculture
The practice of vermiculture or vermicomposting involves different worm species to turn kitchen food scraps into nutritious soil amendments or growth media for plants. Vermiculture can also be applied to treating sewage sludge. The process involves removing organic matter, pathogens and oxygen demands from wastewater, or directly from blackwater.
IPM amp; IDM seshu
This document discusses integrated pest management (IPM) and integrated disease management (IDM) strategies for organic farming. It provides details on various cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that can be used as part of IPM to minimize pest populations below economic injury levels. These include practices like sanitation, tillage, adjusting planting times and plant populations, using balanced fertilizers, water management, and habitat diversification. The document also discusses using natural enemies and biocontrol agents as part of biological pest management strategies, and provides examples like using birds, trap cropping, pheromone traps, and yellow sticky boards. For disease management, it outlines principles of exclusion, elimination, avoidance, protection, resistance, and therapy.
Biological weed management
Weeds are undesirable plants that have taken over areas that should be the area of desirable ones.
With the increasing international trade of crop it is become global problem of invasive weed due to contamination.
In the developing countries, weeding accounts for up to 60% of the total pre-harvest labor input
There are basically four approaches of weed management
Mechanical method,
Cultural method,
Biological method and
Chemical method
The Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) considered biological control techniques as a part of weed management strategy.
The population of weeds can be decreased through the
biological control method, but weeds cannot be completely
eliminated.
All the weed types can not be managed with this technique at a time.
Every weed has a unique characters for defeating crops, so it
is important to understand its habits in order to understand
how to get rid of weeds
APPROACHES OF BIOLOGICAL WEED MANAGEMENT
Two major types of biological weed control
Classic (or inoculative) Approach
Commonly used technique and involves the introduction of
natural enemies from their native range into an exotic
range where their host plant has become a weed.
Considered to be an ecological response because the agent reduces the weed population below the socioeconomic or ecological threshold
Non-Classical (or inundative)approach
Inundative strategy involves mass-production and application
of a host-specific agent at high inoculum levels over a localized
area infested with the target weed (Charudattan, 1991).
Weed control using this approach is relatively short-term and
the biological control agent is not expected to be self
sustaining.
CHARACTERISTIC OF BIO-AGENT
For a bioherbicide to be successful, the pathogen must:
produce abundant and durable inoculum in culture,
be target specific,
Bioagent hardiness,
be capable of infecting and killing a significant portion of the weed population under a variety of environmental conditions.
Dealing with Common Garden Pests: Prevention and Control
Gardening can be an immensely satisfying and peaceful pastime, allowing us to connect with nature and reap the rewards of our hard work. However, the journey to a beautiful garden can be challenging, as it often involves facing off against unwanted visitors: garden pests. These pesky invaders come in various forms, from tiny insects to larger mammals, and they can turn your flourishing garden into a battleground.
Integrated Pest Management
This document outlines the development of an integrated pest management (IPM) program for greenhouse tomatoes in Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe. It discusses the major insect and disease pests that affect greenhouse tomatoes and presents cultural, biological, and chemical approaches to control pests. The cultural methods include exclusion of pests, sanitation, and scouting. Biological controls involve the use of beneficial organisms. Chemical controls are a last resort and include selective insecticides and miticides. The document concludes that a successful IPM program combines these approaches and involves identifying pests, monitoring populations, setting action thresholds, preventing problems, and using integrated tools.
3. Biological control of weeds A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan
Australia was struggling with widespread infestation of prickly pear cactus in 1925. A small moth from Argentina was introduced that helped decimate the prickly pear population within 10 years, reducing the affected area to just 1% of what it was originally. Biological weed control uses living organisms like insects, fungi and bacteria to reduce weed populations by disrupting their ability to capture sunlight, take up water and nutrients, and reproduce. It is a natural method of control that can help restore ecological balance, but usually needs to be integrated with other control methods and requires long-term monitoring to evaluate effectiveness.
Biopesticide & Biofertilizer - useful for Biotechnology
Biopesticides are derived from natural sources as alternatives to chemical pesticides. They include microbial pesticides using microbes, and plant-incorporated protectants that genetically modify plants. Microbial herbicides and insecticides control unwanted plants and insects using fungi, bacteria, viruses and entomopathogenic fungi. Biofertilizers are microorganisms that fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, or promote plant growth. They improve soil fertility and provide nutrients to plants, but require large amounts and special storage conditions.
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- 1. INSECT PREDATORS AND SUCCESS STORIES
- 2. 03 04 05 06 07 Ladybugs in Agriculture: Ladybugs, particularly species like the convergent lady beetle (Hippodamia convergens), have been widely used in biological pest control programs in agriculture.
- 3. These beetles prey on aphids, scale insects, and other plant pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Success stories include increased crop yields and reduced pest damage in various crops, such as soybeans, cotton, and citrus fruits.
- 4. Lacewings in Greenhouses: Lacewings, both adults and larvae, are effective predators of aphids, thrips, and other greenhouse pests.
- 5. Introducing lacewings into greenhouse environments has helped control pest populations and minimize crop damage. Success stories include improved crop quality and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides in greenhouse production.
- 6. Hoverflies in Organic Farming: Hoverflies, also known as syrphid flies, are important predators of aphids in organic farming systems.
- 7. By releasing hoverfly larvae into agricultural fields, farmers can effectively control aphid populations without synthetic pesticides. Success stories include improved pest management in organic crops like lettuce, strawberries, and brassicas
- 8. Predatory Beetles in Forest Management: Predatory beetles, including ground beetles and rove beetles, play a crucial role in regulating insect populations in forest ecosystems.
- 9. Maintaining diverse beetle communities helps control pest species like bark beetles, which can cause significant damage to trees. Success stories include sustainable forest management practices that prioritize the conservation of beetle predators to mitigate pest outbreaks.
- 10. Assassin Bugs: Assassin bugs are stealthy predators that ambush their prey, injecting them with venomous saliva to immobilize and consume them.
- 11. Success stories include integrated pest management (IPM) programs that utilize assassin bugs as part of a holistic approach to pest control in various crops, such as vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals.
- 12. Dragonflies and Damselflies: Dragonflies and damselflies are agile aerial predators that feed on mosquitoes, flies, and other flying insects near water bodies.
- 13. Success stories include the use of dragonflies and damselflies for biological mosquito control in wetlands, ponds, and other water bodies, leading to decreased mosquito nuisance and improved