GREEN GRAM (MUNG BEAN)
vigna radiata (2n = 22)
It is esteemed as the most wholesome among the pulses, free from the heaviness and tendency to cause flatulence, which is associated with other pulses.
Place of origin : India
Wild relative : Vigna radiata var. sublobata
BLACK GRAM (URAD, ULUNDU)
Vigna mungo (2n = 22, 24)
Origin : India
Putative parents
V. trinerivus / V. sublobata or V.mungo var. sylvestris.
Breeding objectives
1. Evolving medium duration high yielding varieties for dry land cultivation.
Co5 black gram. Suitable for dry land cultivation.
GPB 311: RICE-Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Rice crop.
GPB 311: RICE-Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Rice crop.
GPB 311: Maize- Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Maize
GPB 311: Wheat- Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality in Wheat
The Presentation is prepared by N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to hybrid seed production related to rice.
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
GPB 311: Maize- Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Maize
GPB 311: Wheat- Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality in Wheat
The Presentation is prepared by N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to hybrid seed production related to rice.
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
Maize Field Crop
Place of origin : Mexico.
Origin of cultivated maize
The genus Zea was previously considered as monotypic. Later on teosinte has been included Euchlaena mexicana has been changed as Zea mexicana
Another wild relative is Tripsacum (gamma grass). All the three are inter crossable.
Three views about origin
1. From Teosinte it arose. Teosinte is having cob and tassel and easily crossable. This theory was not accepted based on cytological studies.
2. Maize arose from pod corn Zea mays var. tunicata thro’ natural mutation. This view is the most accepted one. But origin of pod corn is not known.
3. All the three came from common ancestor but this common ancestor lost during evolution.
SORGHUM
Sorghum bicolor (2n = 20)
Origin : Africa
Progenitor of sorghum
1. S.arundinaceum
2. S.verticilliflorum
3. S.sudanense
4. S.aethiopicum
Classification :
Right from 16th century there were number of classification for the genus sorghum. The famous among them is Snowden’s classification (1936) later refined by Garber (1950) and by Dogget (1970).
potato, caulilflower and cabbage breeding .pptxPremSidharthR
This presentation covers topics such as botanical description, Taxonomy, Breeding objectives, Breeding methods, problems and prospectus, and breeding stations related to potato breeding, Cauliflower breeding, Cabbage breeding.
PEARL MILLET
Pennisetum glaucum (2n = 14)
(Cumbu, Bajra, Bulrush millet)
Origin : West Africa.
Taxonomy : The genus pennisetum is having more than 140 species. Stapf (1954) has
divided the genus pennisetum in to five sections viz.,
1. Gymnothrix
2. Eupennisetum
3. Penicillaria
4. Heterostachya
5. Brevivalvula
The cultivated Pennisetum glaucum belongs to the section penicillaria.
Origin and putative parents.
Stapf included 32 species is penicillaria. Of these 32 species found is Africa, six
annuals are considered wild and probable ancestors of the cultivated one. They are
1. Pennisetum perottettii
2. P. molllissimum
3. P. violaceum
4. P. versicolor
5. P. adonense
6. P. gymnothrix
The cultivated species of pennisetum is believed to have originated thro’
hybridization with in these six species.
Wild species utilised in breeding :
The other species in this section is P.purpureum a rhizomatus perennial having
chromosome number 2n = 28
cumbu napier hybrid = BN1
Tetraploid x Diploid - Triploid.
P. squamulatum (2n = 46) - Drought and cold resistant having apomictic line crossed
with P.glaucum to evolve superior cold resistant fodder.
P. orientale : used for transferring apomixis.
P. setaceum P. violaceum : To transfer male sterile genes to P.glaucum
Inter generic crosses :
Buffel grass Cenchrus ciliaris or Pennisetum ciliare utilised to cross with cumbu
for fodder improvement
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
3. Green Gram & Black Gram : Centers of origin, Distribution of species, wild
relatives, application of genetic, cytogenetics and biotechnological techniques in
breeding
Course No :- PB-232
Course Title :- Breeding Of Field
Crops
Semester :- IIIRD (New)
Credits :- 3 (2+1)
Asst.prfo. Sable. A.d
4. It is esteemed as the most wholesome among the
pulses, free from the heaviness and tendency to cause
flatulence, which is associated with other pulses.
Place of origin : India
Wild relative : Vigna radiata var. sublobata
5. Breeding objective :
1. High yield, medium duration dry land varieties
Co1 long duration, indeterminate plant habit.
2. High yielding, short duration irrigated varieties :
Lines having rapid growth rate or dry matter increase associated
with high harvest index. They must give high biological yield
and productive racemes. Co2
3. Breeding for rice fallows
ADT 2, ADT 3
4. Breeding for disease resistance
YMV
Leaf crinkle virus
Tarai local Lm 214 - resistant
6. 5. Breeding for quality
a) Mung bean has highest digestibility among grain legumes from
83 to 90%.
Varieties having bold seeds to use as sprouts is the aim.
b) Transfer of high methionine content from black gram to green
gram. c) High dhall recovery - 80% and more
d) Less hard seed.
Breeding Methods :
1. Introduction - Pusa baisaki
2. Pure line selection - Co1
7. 3. Hybridisation and selection
Inter Varietal : ADT 1, ADT 2, Co 5, VBN 1
Inter specific - To transfer high methionine content from
black gram to green gram.
Green gram x V.umbellata rice bean to transfer resistance
to bean fly crossing with V.radiata var. sublobata resistance
to bruchids
5. Mutation breeding
Co4 - mutant of Co1
8. 6. Embryo culture :
Green gram x Black gram
Ideal plant type
1. 60 - 65 duration with determinate habit for irrigated
conditions
2. 80 days duration with indeterminate type for dry land
condition
Plants with more pods and seeds, increased branches poding
from base of main stem with synchronised maturity non -
shattering habit.
9.
10.
11. Origin : India
Putative parents
V. trinerivus / V. sublobata or V.mungo var. sylvestris.
Breeding objectives
1. Evolving medium duration high yielding varieties for
dry land cultivation.
Co5 black gram. Suitable for dry land cultivation.
12. 2. Evolving short duration high yielding varieties
suitable for irrigated conditions.
This can be used as mixed crop in cotton, turmeric Short
duration varieties are
Co2, Vamban 1, 2 and 3.
3. Evolving short duration varieties suitable for rice
follow condition
ADT 3.
4. Breeding varieties resistant to diseases
YMV is a serious disease. Leaf crinkle virus, powdery
mildew. VBN 1, Karaikal, BDN 1, VBN 2, VBN 3 -
resistant to YMV
13. 5. Pest : White fly vector for YMV and leaf crinkle, leaf
eating caterpillar
6. Breeding for better quality
24% protein. There are lines having 27% protein. These can
be utilised Quality of black gram is determined by
a) Protein content
b) Methionine content 1.17%
c) cooking quality - Time d) % of hard seeds.
e) Dhall recovery 70%
Breeding methods
1. Introduction : E.g. T.9 from U.P.
2. Pure line selection : Co3 - Alangudi local Co5 - musiri
local
14. 3. Hybridization and selection
a) Intervarietial
KM 2 (Derivative from T9 x L.64)
TMV 1 - Derivative from Midhiulundu x KM1
ADT 4 - 29 x AD 2 x 6114
VBN 3 - LBG 402 x LBG 17.
b) Inter specific :
Vigna mungo x V.mungo var.sylvestris - Pant nagar. YMV
resistant lines obtained. But pod shatters. More number of Back
crosses suggested.
Vigna mungo x V.radiata for increasing pod length,
digestibility. Sterility is the main problem. Few plants obtained
revert back to parental form.
15. 4) Mutation breeding
Variety Co4 - derived from Co1 by EMS treatment
5) Embryo rescue - Attempted in inter specific crosses.
Ideal plant type
For irrigated and Rice fallows
Determinate type, short duration, high dry matter producing
with 30cm plant ht. Photo insensitive.
For rainfed condition.
Semi determinate with pod setting from base of the main stem;
higher pod length and more number of seeds / pod.
16. VARIETIES
Varieties Parentage Duration
Co 4 Mutant of Co 1 70
Co 5 Pure line selection from Mustri Local 70-75
KM 2 Derivative from T 9 x L. 64 60-65
VBN 1 KM 1 x H 76-1 60-65
T 9 Pure line selection 65-70
ADT 2 Derivative from Thirunelveli Local x ADT 1 70-75
ADT 3 Pure line selection from Thriunelveli Local 70-75
TMV 1 Derivative from Midhiulundu x KM 1 65-70
ADT 4 29/ ADT 2 / Plant 6114 60-65
ADT 5 Pure line selection Kanpur variety 62
VBN 2 Reselection from T 9 70
VBN 3 LBG 402 X LBG 17 70