A lecture about Green economy and ethical Challenges. Adresses that economic theory and priciples often ends up in conflict with Human Rights and Environmental objectives.
This document introduces a green business called Green Business with four team members. It discusses the business's products, logo, slogan, mission statement, vision, and code of ethics. The code of ethics focuses on using recycled materials, minimizing waste and energy usage, and conducting business with integrity. It then presents the business's product line, which includes chairs, night lights, and window blinds made from recycled materials. These products help the environment by reducing landfill waste, conserving resources, saving energy, helping animals, and saving money for companies and cities.
Green Business practices, for small and medium businesses. Lets hope some companies at least follow it, and if they do we will be able to save our planet.
Ch 5 social responsibility and managerial ethicsNardin A
The document is a chapter from a management textbook. It discusses social responsibility and managerial ethics. The chapter covers topics such as defining social responsibility, green management practices, factors that influence ethical behavior, and ways for managers to encourage ethics. It also addresses issues like managing ethical lapses, the role of social entrepreneurs, and how businesses can promote positive social change.
About ethical challenges we have to face to build a green and sustainable economy. The main challenge is inequality that stands in the way of effective measures against global warming.
This document discusses various global issues related to engineering. It covers topics like multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, weapons development, engineers as managers, consulting engineers, and more. For each topic, it provides details on definitions, concepts, examples, case studies, philosophical views, and moral/ethical considerations. It examines issues like technology transfer, appropriate technology, environmental impact of projects, property rights in computers, privacy, and resolving conflicts as managers.
This document discusses various global issues related to engineering. It covers topics like multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, weapons development, engineers as managers, consulting engineers, and more. For each topic, it provides details on definitions, concepts, examples, case studies, philosophical views, and moral/ethical considerations. It examines issues like technology transfer, appropriate technology, environmental impact of projects, property rights in computers, and resolving conflicts as managers.
The Principle of sustainability, local democracy and moralityRahman Khatibi
Traditional narratives of moral philosophy seem to be silent on modern issues such as "our duties to the environment." It seems to many that the right way to go about environmental problems is for the government to legislate and enforce; for the institutions to comply with legislation when they carry out their tasks, and for individuals to hope that everything will be fine. But will it, in the risk society that we live in, where we can demonstrate that adverse effects (outside the range of natural events) are our making and not acts of God? My presentation will look at the pervasive sustainable development industry ( as big as 7% of GDP in England). I will show that in a risk society, individuals need to have a culture of critical thinking and then act as moral agents. In this way, they will be the lubricant in a governance system comprising the government, institutions and individuals. Although I will be reviewing traditional moral theories (but deeming them to be hopeless) I will rely on an evolutionary framework, whereby morality is seen as essential to good governance. The presentation gives a special focus on inclusionsm.
This document introduces a green business called Green Business with four team members. It discusses the business's products, logo, slogan, mission statement, vision, and code of ethics. The code of ethics focuses on using recycled materials, minimizing waste and energy usage, and conducting business with integrity. It then presents the business's product line, which includes chairs, night lights, and window blinds made from recycled materials. These products help the environment by reducing landfill waste, conserving resources, saving energy, helping animals, and saving money for companies and cities.
Green Business practices, for small and medium businesses. Lets hope some companies at least follow it, and if they do we will be able to save our planet.
Ch 5 social responsibility and managerial ethicsNardin A
The document is a chapter from a management textbook. It discusses social responsibility and managerial ethics. The chapter covers topics such as defining social responsibility, green management practices, factors that influence ethical behavior, and ways for managers to encourage ethics. It also addresses issues like managing ethical lapses, the role of social entrepreneurs, and how businesses can promote positive social change.
About ethical challenges we have to face to build a green and sustainable economy. The main challenge is inequality that stands in the way of effective measures against global warming.
This document discusses various global issues related to engineering. It covers topics like multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, weapons development, engineers as managers, consulting engineers, and more. For each topic, it provides details on definitions, concepts, examples, case studies, philosophical views, and moral/ethical considerations. It examines issues like technology transfer, appropriate technology, environmental impact of projects, property rights in computers, privacy, and resolving conflicts as managers.
This document discusses various global issues related to engineering. It covers topics like multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, weapons development, engineers as managers, consulting engineers, and more. For each topic, it provides details on definitions, concepts, examples, case studies, philosophical views, and moral/ethical considerations. It examines issues like technology transfer, appropriate technology, environmental impact of projects, property rights in computers, and resolving conflicts as managers.
The Principle of sustainability, local democracy and moralityRahman Khatibi
Traditional narratives of moral philosophy seem to be silent on modern issues such as "our duties to the environment." It seems to many that the right way to go about environmental problems is for the government to legislate and enforce; for the institutions to comply with legislation when they carry out their tasks, and for individuals to hope that everything will be fine. But will it, in the risk society that we live in, where we can demonstrate that adverse effects (outside the range of natural events) are our making and not acts of God? My presentation will look at the pervasive sustainable development industry ( as big as 7% of GDP in England). I will show that in a risk society, individuals need to have a culture of critical thinking and then act as moral agents. In this way, they will be the lubricant in a governance system comprising the government, institutions and individuals. Although I will be reviewing traditional moral theories (but deeming them to be hopeless) I will rely on an evolutionary framework, whereby morality is seen as essential to good governance. The presentation gives a special focus on inclusionsm.
This document defines key terms related to science, technology, and society. It explains that technology develops through market forces and in response to specific problems, and may lead to unintended consequences. Science seeks knowledge and understanding, while technology focuses on practical applications. Biotechnology uses cells and molecules to solve problems and make useful products, capitalizing on properties like specificity, unity, and reproducibility. The development of agriculture around 10,000 years ago allowed for larger, more permanent communities and societal progress.
The document discusses Science, Technology, and Society (STS), which is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationships between science, technology, and society. STS examines how scientific research and technological innovation are shaped by social, political, and economic forces, and how they in turn influence society. It also explores the applications of science for practical purposes through technological development and how these shape modern societies.
This document discusses various global issues related to engineering including multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, weapons development, engineers as managers and consultants, and engineers serving as expert witnesses. It addresses the responsibilities and ethical considerations for engineers in these roles. Specifically, it examines the impacts of globalization and multinational corporations, the importance of environmental protection and sustainability, moral issues related to computer and weapons technologies, managing conflicts as an engineer-manager, and the duties of consulting engineers including ethical advertising, bidding, and prioritizing client safety.
This document discusses Prayag, a center for knowledge informatics for sustainable development. It covers several topics:
Creativity and how it relates to innovation through combining and separating ideas from different disciplines. Informatics and how it involves mathematics, engineering, and applying information across many domains. Sustainable development, which requires meeting current needs without compromising future generations by considering environmental, economic and social factors.
The document proposes that Prayag will incubate interdisciplinary research and development projects applying information technology to new domains focused on sustainability, create prototypes, and incubate startups. It aims to advance IT through integrating aspects of other disciplines and professions to develop new paradigms focused on sustainability.
This document discusses the ethics of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies based on climate change policy. It notes that while CCS has potential to reduce emissions, it also raises ethical issues regarding distributive justice, technology choice, safety, and public engagement. The document advocates for participatory ethical technology assessment (PETA) to help evaluate CCS and other climate technologies through inclusive public deliberation on risks and values. PETA aims to give affected communities strong democratic control over decisions that shape their moral and technological landscape.
This document discusses a research project examining Norway's preparedness, response, and recovery after the 2011 terrorist attacks. The project will study: 1) whether Norway is better prepared for disasters since 2011 through improved collaboration, risk assessment, and local response capacity; 2) the social learning processes in the aftermath and how communities reestablish order and security; and 3) how organizational culture and interfaces influence vulnerability reduction, preparedness, and crisis handling. The researcher will analyze reports on changes made since 2011 and interview key safety/security actors to answer the research questions.
5 - Anthology on the Ethical Issues in Engineering Practice (presented in a M...Youness Lahdili
This document discusses three key ethical issues in engineering practice: environmental ethics, computer ethics, and ethics in research. For environmental ethics, it discusses engineers' responsibility to consider the environmental impacts of the technologies they design and to follow principles of sustainable design. For computer ethics, it discusses issues like intellectual property, privacy, and how computers impact society. Engineers must ensure ethical use of computers. For research ethics, it discusses the importance of conducting research ethically and avoiding falsifying data. Engineers have a duty to protect participants and keep data accurate.
This document discusses the concept of universal design. It aims to develop theory, principles, and solutions to enable everyone to use physical environments and products to the greatest extent possible. The principles of universal design developed by The Center for Universal Design in the US are used as a basis. The document covers universal design in relation to planning, architecture, and product design. It argues that while accessibility for people with physical disabilities has improved, more must be done to consider people with other disabilities and the needs of all groups in society. Universal design seeks to promote equal status and opportunities for participation through inclusive, holistic solutions.
Andy Stirling on The Direction Of InnovationSTEPS Centre
Presentation by Andy Stirling, co-director of the ESRC STEPS Centre science director of SPRU on 'The Direction of Innovation and new challenges in the governance of technology'. This was presented to a conference on ‘Tilting perspectives on regulating technologies’
at TILT – Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society, Tilburg University,
the Netherlands on 11 December 2008
This document discusses the need for a paradigm shift from "innovation follows research" to "research follows innovation". It analyzes different countries' approaches to research, development and innovation. France aims for "decompartmentalization" between universities, industry and hospitals to foster cross-fertilization. The European Union recognizes that more must be done to convert knowledge into commercial opportunities and close the innovation gap. Overall, the document argues that societies must adapt more quickly to change and place greater emphasis on applying research and developing innovations to tackle societal challenges.
This document provides an overview of IEEE ethics and safety training. It covers perceptions of engineering, the IEEE code of ethics, moral frameworks, virtues in engineering, engineering as experimentation, safety, risk, design considerations, and professionalism. Key topics discussed include the importance of codes of ethics, balancing cost and safety in design, and recognizing that absolute safety is not attainable but continuous improvement is important.
The document discusses the role of science in pursuing sustainable development and the values of teaching science. Regarding sustainable development, it states that science should provide information to help formulate environmental and development policies and enhance understanding of issues. It also discusses how science can help in areas like energy use, closing substance cycles, environmentally friendly transportation, green chemistry, biotechnology, and sustainability. Regarding values of teaching science, it outlines intellectual, social, practical, disciplinary, recreational, moral, and aesthetic values gained from learning science.
This document discusses the role of science in pursuing sustainable development and the values of teaching science. Regarding sustainable development, it states that science should provide information to help formulate environmental and development policies and enhance understanding of long-term impacts. It identifies several areas where science can contribute, including new energy technologies, closed-loop production processes, environmentally-friendly transportation, green chemistry, biotechnology, and optimizing interactions between nature, society and the economy. Regarding values of teaching science, it discusses the intellectual, social, practical/utilitarian, disciplinary, and recreational benefits of learning science, such as developing critical thinking, understanding societal impacts, applying knowledge to daily life, fostering scientific habits, and enjoyment.
The document summarizes the activities and research interests of several organizations involved in the Environmental Justice Organizations, Liabilities and Trade (EJOLT) project. The organizations study issues like environmental conflicts related to mining and extractive industries, environmental law and justice, sustainable development, environmental health risks, and supporting communities affected by environmental injustices. They collaborate on the EJOLT project to share knowledge and expertise on these topics.
Different forms of expertise in democratising technological cultures and experiences from the current Societal Dialogue on Nanotechnologies in the Netherlands.
This document provides an outline and introduction to a course on technology and development. The summary is:
The course outline covers topics including the introduction to technology, appropriate technology, the role of appropriate technology in transforming society, the importance of technology transfer, and the impacts of technology on society. The introduction defines technology and its history, including the development of tools in the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and modern eras. Appropriate technology is discussed as technologies that are small-scale, ecologically sound, affordable, and often use renewable energy. The role of appropriate technology in areas like construction, agriculture, water, and energy is described. The importance of technology transfer for economic development, diversification, and future markets is also
Creative thinking in an interconnected context sv mclarenWendy French
The document discusses several topics related to creative and interconnected thinking for sustainable development, including:
- Encouraging creative thinking to redesign the future in an interconnected way and consider the implications of design decisions.
- Exploring consumption and the consequences it has, as well as the role of different fields like design, engineering, and business in sustainable development.
- Discussing concepts like a circular economy, appropriate technology, and applying sustainable thinking to areas like energy, transport, and infrastructure.
The document discusses science, technology, and society in the Philippines. It begins by outlining the Philippine constitution which establishes the government's policy of prioritizing science, technology, research and development. It then defines science as the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. Technology is defined as applying scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. The document notes that science and technology are important for society by improving living standards through applications like healthcare. It also discusses how technology affects communication, learning and thinking in society. Various categories and fields of technology are outlined like power/energy, bio-related, construction, manufacturing and communication technologies. Finally, it defines society as a large group of people sharing culture and institutions.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
This document defines key terms related to science, technology, and society. It explains that technology develops through market forces and in response to specific problems, and may lead to unintended consequences. Science seeks knowledge and understanding, while technology focuses on practical applications. Biotechnology uses cells and molecules to solve problems and make useful products, capitalizing on properties like specificity, unity, and reproducibility. The development of agriculture around 10,000 years ago allowed for larger, more permanent communities and societal progress.
The document discusses Science, Technology, and Society (STS), which is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationships between science, technology, and society. STS examines how scientific research and technological innovation are shaped by social, political, and economic forces, and how they in turn influence society. It also explores the applications of science for practical purposes through technological development and how these shape modern societies.
This document discusses various global issues related to engineering including multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, weapons development, engineers as managers and consultants, and engineers serving as expert witnesses. It addresses the responsibilities and ethical considerations for engineers in these roles. Specifically, it examines the impacts of globalization and multinational corporations, the importance of environmental protection and sustainability, moral issues related to computer and weapons technologies, managing conflicts as an engineer-manager, and the duties of consulting engineers including ethical advertising, bidding, and prioritizing client safety.
This document discusses Prayag, a center for knowledge informatics for sustainable development. It covers several topics:
Creativity and how it relates to innovation through combining and separating ideas from different disciplines. Informatics and how it involves mathematics, engineering, and applying information across many domains. Sustainable development, which requires meeting current needs without compromising future generations by considering environmental, economic and social factors.
The document proposes that Prayag will incubate interdisciplinary research and development projects applying information technology to new domains focused on sustainability, create prototypes, and incubate startups. It aims to advance IT through integrating aspects of other disciplines and professions to develop new paradigms focused on sustainability.
This document discusses the ethics of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies based on climate change policy. It notes that while CCS has potential to reduce emissions, it also raises ethical issues regarding distributive justice, technology choice, safety, and public engagement. The document advocates for participatory ethical technology assessment (PETA) to help evaluate CCS and other climate technologies through inclusive public deliberation on risks and values. PETA aims to give affected communities strong democratic control over decisions that shape their moral and technological landscape.
This document discusses a research project examining Norway's preparedness, response, and recovery after the 2011 terrorist attacks. The project will study: 1) whether Norway is better prepared for disasters since 2011 through improved collaboration, risk assessment, and local response capacity; 2) the social learning processes in the aftermath and how communities reestablish order and security; and 3) how organizational culture and interfaces influence vulnerability reduction, preparedness, and crisis handling. The researcher will analyze reports on changes made since 2011 and interview key safety/security actors to answer the research questions.
5 - Anthology on the Ethical Issues in Engineering Practice (presented in a M...Youness Lahdili
This document discusses three key ethical issues in engineering practice: environmental ethics, computer ethics, and ethics in research. For environmental ethics, it discusses engineers' responsibility to consider the environmental impacts of the technologies they design and to follow principles of sustainable design. For computer ethics, it discusses issues like intellectual property, privacy, and how computers impact society. Engineers must ensure ethical use of computers. For research ethics, it discusses the importance of conducting research ethically and avoiding falsifying data. Engineers have a duty to protect participants and keep data accurate.
This document discusses the concept of universal design. It aims to develop theory, principles, and solutions to enable everyone to use physical environments and products to the greatest extent possible. The principles of universal design developed by The Center for Universal Design in the US are used as a basis. The document covers universal design in relation to planning, architecture, and product design. It argues that while accessibility for people with physical disabilities has improved, more must be done to consider people with other disabilities and the needs of all groups in society. Universal design seeks to promote equal status and opportunities for participation through inclusive, holistic solutions.
Andy Stirling on The Direction Of InnovationSTEPS Centre
Presentation by Andy Stirling, co-director of the ESRC STEPS Centre science director of SPRU on 'The Direction of Innovation and new challenges in the governance of technology'. This was presented to a conference on ‘Tilting perspectives on regulating technologies’
at TILT – Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society, Tilburg University,
the Netherlands on 11 December 2008
This document discusses the need for a paradigm shift from "innovation follows research" to "research follows innovation". It analyzes different countries' approaches to research, development and innovation. France aims for "decompartmentalization" between universities, industry and hospitals to foster cross-fertilization. The European Union recognizes that more must be done to convert knowledge into commercial opportunities and close the innovation gap. Overall, the document argues that societies must adapt more quickly to change and place greater emphasis on applying research and developing innovations to tackle societal challenges.
This document provides an overview of IEEE ethics and safety training. It covers perceptions of engineering, the IEEE code of ethics, moral frameworks, virtues in engineering, engineering as experimentation, safety, risk, design considerations, and professionalism. Key topics discussed include the importance of codes of ethics, balancing cost and safety in design, and recognizing that absolute safety is not attainable but continuous improvement is important.
The document discusses the role of science in pursuing sustainable development and the values of teaching science. Regarding sustainable development, it states that science should provide information to help formulate environmental and development policies and enhance understanding of issues. It also discusses how science can help in areas like energy use, closing substance cycles, environmentally friendly transportation, green chemistry, biotechnology, and sustainability. Regarding values of teaching science, it outlines intellectual, social, practical, disciplinary, recreational, moral, and aesthetic values gained from learning science.
This document discusses the role of science in pursuing sustainable development and the values of teaching science. Regarding sustainable development, it states that science should provide information to help formulate environmental and development policies and enhance understanding of long-term impacts. It identifies several areas where science can contribute, including new energy technologies, closed-loop production processes, environmentally-friendly transportation, green chemistry, biotechnology, and optimizing interactions between nature, society and the economy. Regarding values of teaching science, it discusses the intellectual, social, practical/utilitarian, disciplinary, and recreational benefits of learning science, such as developing critical thinking, understanding societal impacts, applying knowledge to daily life, fostering scientific habits, and enjoyment.
The document summarizes the activities and research interests of several organizations involved in the Environmental Justice Organizations, Liabilities and Trade (EJOLT) project. The organizations study issues like environmental conflicts related to mining and extractive industries, environmental law and justice, sustainable development, environmental health risks, and supporting communities affected by environmental injustices. They collaborate on the EJOLT project to share knowledge and expertise on these topics.
Different forms of expertise in democratising technological cultures and experiences from the current Societal Dialogue on Nanotechnologies in the Netherlands.
This document provides an outline and introduction to a course on technology and development. The summary is:
The course outline covers topics including the introduction to technology, appropriate technology, the role of appropriate technology in transforming society, the importance of technology transfer, and the impacts of technology on society. The introduction defines technology and its history, including the development of tools in the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and modern eras. Appropriate technology is discussed as technologies that are small-scale, ecologically sound, affordable, and often use renewable energy. The role of appropriate technology in areas like construction, agriculture, water, and energy is described. The importance of technology transfer for economic development, diversification, and future markets is also
Creative thinking in an interconnected context sv mclarenWendy French
The document discusses several topics related to creative and interconnected thinking for sustainable development, including:
- Encouraging creative thinking to redesign the future in an interconnected way and consider the implications of design decisions.
- Exploring consumption and the consequences it has, as well as the role of different fields like design, engineering, and business in sustainable development.
- Discussing concepts like a circular economy, appropriate technology, and applying sustainable thinking to areas like energy, transport, and infrastructure.
The document discusses science, technology, and society in the Philippines. It begins by outlining the Philippine constitution which establishes the government's policy of prioritizing science, technology, research and development. It then defines science as the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. Technology is defined as applying scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. The document notes that science and technology are important for society by improving living standards through applications like healthcare. It also discusses how technology affects communication, learning and thinking in society. Various categories and fields of technology are outlined like power/energy, bio-related, construction, manufacturing and communication technologies. Finally, it defines society as a large group of people sharing culture and institutions.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Green economy and ethical challenges
1. TIØ 4261 - Grønn verdiskaping og etiske perspektiver
Green economy
and ethical challenges
Tekna’s Ethical Advisory Board
2015
Svein Nordenson
2. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Ethics and efficient decision-making
Leif Runar Forsth
Dr. ing. and management philosopher
to Magasinet Tekna no. 2 in 2012
“If you have a well-founded
set of values it is easier to
know what will be right for
you when you come to
make difficult decisions that
affect others. You will be
able to make better
decisions, more quickly,
allowing you to be more
efficient as a manager.”
See also: www.ipo.no
2Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr
3. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Some general ethical principles
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 3
William Brett, Lord Esher
(1817-1899)
duty of care,
The Precautionary
Principle
There is a social responsibility to
protect the public from exposure to
harm, when scientific investigation has
found a plausible risk even if it is not
full scientific consensus about that risk.
Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804)
The categorical imperative
John Locke
(1632-1704)
The responsibility
for future generations
We ought to leave the earth in a
condition so that future generations
will have at least the same freedom
of choice as we have.
Act only according to that maxim
whereby you can, at the same
time, will that it should become a
universal law.
4. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Easy to do ethical test: The Tekna version
As a memeber of Tekna you must be able to stand by
your decisions. They must stand up to ethical scrutiny,
to enable you to determine, in advance, whether your
decisions:
• are lawful,
• are fair in the way they effect the people concerned,
• have negative consequences for individuals, the
environment or Society,
• will withstand public scrutiny.
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 4
5. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
My agenda further on for today
• Ethics as a matter of perspective
• Case on perspectives on human rights
• Business and economy as an ethical
challenge
• Case on inequality as a challenge
• Sum up …
5Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr
6. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Perspectives on ethics
(Ethics of the practical life)
6
• Student ethics
• Research ethics
• Ethics of Management
• Ethics of Professionals
(Engineers, Economists, Lawyers etc)
• Ethics of the Working Environment
• Ethics of Competition
• Ethics of Anti-Corruption
• Etichs of surveillance
• Ethics of New Technology
• Bioethics
• Environmental Ethics
• Ethics of war (Just War)
• Whistleblowing
• Business ethics and Social Responsibility
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr
7. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Ethics of engineering
Focus on
RISK
Be
COMPETENT
Be
HONEST
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 7
8. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Ethics of War
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 8
This is about:
• Weapon production and
sales
• Just war. Is there one?
• The idea of preventive
attack
• Terrorism: War or crime?
• The Rules of War
• Soldiers status and
responsibility
• The right to kill
9. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Ethics as a matter of perspective
• We have seen that ethics is a matter of profession,
engineer or soldier, or many other fields of human
activity
• Ethics could also be a personal matter, shaped by
personal professional choices, as I will illustrate in
my next examples
• I will introduce Margrethe
... and Jomar
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 9
10. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig foreningTeknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 10
Margrethe Lunder is 28 years old
and holds a master’s degree in
meteorology, on chemistry of the
atmosphere. She works as advicer
in climate and air quality and is
engaged in Tekna’s member group
working for reduced CO2 to the
atmosphere and global
temperature control.
The meteorologist
- It is a dilemma that we
ought to reduce the
amount of CO2 going in to
the atmosphere. We know
what we can do about it,
but the need for more
research on the overall
effect keeps us from doing
it. One should act and do
research at the same time
instead of waiting untill
complete knowledge is at
hand.
11. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
The Systems
Architect
- One important question for many
professionals such as myself is if
we should work in oil and gas or in
renewable resources. Since I
made my choice awhile ago, my
challenge is to make good future-
oriented solutions that minimize
environmental hazards. We must
aim at achieving optimal quality
and safety. We must have
solutions that have been tested
and well documented so that we
know they’ll be permanent.
Jomar Jentoft, age 34, Master’s
degree in Engineering on Energy
and Environment, NTNU, works
with systems architecture for
electric power distribution for
subsea installations. He works
with Siemens in Trondheim and
is engaged in Tekna’s member
group oil and gas.
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 11
12. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
On March 27,1980, the oil platform
Alexander Kielland capsized during a
storm in the North Sea with 212
people onboard. The platform ended
up tipping over and lying upside down
in the ocean. It had been floating on a
suspension system consisting of five
columns; however, a bracing had
broken, causing breaks in other
bracings so that the column ended up
splitting apart and breaking loose
from the platform. The bracing had
been weakened by welders when
mounting platform equipment. There
were only 89 survivors. After the
accident a series of new safety
measures were implemented.
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 12
13. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
ISO 26000 Social Responsibility
• An international standard …
• States what should be the preferable responsibility of
businesses and organisations in the societies where they
do their business.
Teknas etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 13
• Ratified by more than 100 nations
• But not ratified by national
authorities
• The ISO 26000 applies a very wide
definition of social responsibility ,
including a responsibility to adopt
human rights.
14. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Human rights in short I
• The human rights were adopted by The General Assembly
of the UN in 1948. They covers ethnic discrimination,
discrimination of women, actions against torture, childrens
rights, protection of guest-workers, protection against
kidnapping and the rights of disabled persons.
• The human rights are:
• Inborn
• Yours to be, can not be taken from you, even if you agree.
No-one can steal them from you
• Universal
• Indivisible, can not be partly chosen away
• Mutually dependent and contribute mutually to fullfilment
of all the rights
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 14
15. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Human rights in short II - A choice of rights
• Equality:
All human beings are born
free and equal in dignity
and rights.
• Also addresses rights
relating to three other
critical areas:
• Life and security
• Personal freedom
• Economic, social and
cultural freedoms
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 15
equality
life and
security
personal
freedom
economic, social
and cultural
freedoms
equality
By permission: Ingebjørg Gravlien, DNV
16. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig foreningTeknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 16
Introduction to the first case
LIVING CONDITIONS
RELIGION
IDEOLOGY
CULTURE
ISO 26000
Human rights
17. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Some general ethical principles
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 17
William Brett, Lord Esher
(1817-1899)
duty of care,
The Precautionary
Principle
There is a social responsibility to
protect the public from exposure to
harm, when scientific investigation has
found a plausible risk even if it is not
full scientific consensus about that risk.
Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804)
The categorical imperative
John Locke
(1632-1704)
The responsibility
for future generations
We ought to leave the earth in a
condition so that future generations
will have at least the same freedom
of choice as we have.
Act only according to that maxim
whereby you can, at the same
time, will that it should become a
universal law.
18. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
For reflection and debate
• Find and list arguments that ”our”
understanding of the standards set by
the declaration of human rights should
be what counts in all of the countries in
the world (Right side groups).
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 18
On the other hand:
• Find and list arguments that human rights, as
defined in the declaration of human rights, must be
understood and practiced according to local
standards of living, culture, traditions, ideology and
religion (Left side groups).
19. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
My pre-prepared sum up
• Are human rights universal?
• … or are they to be understood
and practiced according to
local standards of living etc.?
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 19
Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804)
The categorical imperative
Act only according to that maxim
whereby you can, at the same
time, will that it should become a
universal law.
20. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Green Economy is part of the path …
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 20
Green Cities is the aim
21. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Green cities - The Albert Speer & Partner Way
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 21
From: Manifesto for sustainable cities
by the architects in Albert Speer & Partner
22. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Ideas from classical economy still living
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 22
Vilfredo Pareto
(1848 – 1923)
The theory of
optimum use
of resources
We will say that the members of a society have
achieved optimum use of the resources when in
a position where it is not possible to move away
from this position in a way that will give one
individual a greater benefit witout the benefit of
someone else being reduced.
Adam Smith
(1723-1790)
Unintended consequences of
intended action will be to the
benefit of society at large.
.
The invisible hand
David Ricardo
(1772-1823)
The theory of
comparative
advantages
Ricardo showed in a study i 1817 that Portugal
and England both would benefit from Portugal
producing more wine and trading its cloths from
England even though Portugal on its own could
produce cloths cheaper than England.
23. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
There are challenges …
• A dispute among economists
and politicians as to how far
businesses social responsibility
reaches
23
• A wide range of world business practises
conserning labor rights, corruption, taxation etc
• Innovation is a regarded as a way to a better future,
but in it self it challenges the future
• Resulting inequality as probably the greatest
challenge of them all
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr
24. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Comments on ISO
26000:
Still a way to go!
Ref: ”Milton Friedman goes on tour” The Economist 29th January 2011.
”The social
responsibility of
business is to
increase its
profits, agree?”
Milton Friedman 1912 – 2006
Nobels memorial prize in 1976
Inspirer of ”The Chicago Boys”
UAE is United Arab Emirates
Many still agree
with Mr Friedman
even in Sweden!
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 24
25. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Michael Porter on Creating Shared Value (CSV)
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 25
Michael Porter (1947 - )
professor at MIT and one of
the world’s most famous living
managing gurus
Creating Shared Value (CSV), differs,
says Porter, from CSR in different
important ways:
1) CSV is integrated in a business model
for competitiveness and profit-
maximization, not a response to outside
pressure as CSR is as Porter sees it.
2) CSV is integrated in the budget of the
business and not part of an isolated CSR-
budget.
3) CSV measures economical and social
benefits against cost and not against the
diffuse goal of CSR that seems to be
”doing good”.
See also: http://ledelse.tekna.no/csr-sr-csv-eller-baerekraft/
26. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig foreningTeknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 26
Dagbladet på nett onsdag 14.05.2008
This newscase is about:
A subcontractor of the subsidiary of the Norwegian telecom company
Telenor in Bangladesh. Working conditions for the employees employed
by this subcontractor were bad and included also child workers. The
news headlines in Norway included the word: “SCANDAL”.
How far does the responsibility of an employer reach?
27. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
• Acording to Transparency International,
Angola is rated as one of the world’s
most corrupt countries. One of the
president’s sons manages the country’s
oil fund. The presidents oldest daughter
was recently named Africa’s first female
billionaire.
• In order to strengthen local industry,
Angola requires foreign oil companies to
enter into partnership with local
companies. Somoil is one such
company. Owners here include
governmental ministers in Angola,
directors in its national oil company
Sonangol and others.
Kilde: DN 22.2.2014
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 27
28. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Multinational wealth-
drain and ”-creation”
• Kofi Annan commented on The Africa
Progress Report that the work to give the poor
better living conditions advances to slowly.
The reason is tax-crimes and secrecy in
international merchandise export.
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 28
• Transfer pricing is widely used
to transport profit to countries
with low-tax-regimes.
• African countries lose at least
34 billion dollar in income-taxes
because of transfer pricing.
That is more than the same
countries get in aid from
developed countries.
• Investigations show that EU
has more import from countries
in Africa than what is reported
as export from the same
countries.
Country B
Tax haven
Country A
in Africa
Production
Country C
in Europe
Company
VCC -A
Company
VCC -B
Company
VCC -C
Cheap
product
Expensive
product Expensive
product
Market
29. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Ethics of New Technology
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 29
New technology gives opportunities, challenges and uncertainty.
Industrial revolutions through the ages
Textiles CarTrain IT Nano
30. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
New technology: The format war of live picture
storage
Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 30
VHS (Video Home System): 1976-2000
Betamax: Sony 1975-85
VHS – Betamax war: 1976-85
LaserDisc – 1978-1995
no distribution other than regionally in Asia
CD – 1982 and VCD fra 1993
DVD – Digital Video Disc – 1995
HD DVD from 2002 – to 2008
Blu-ray-Disc: Blue violet laser – 2003 – 2015?
HD DVD/Blu-ray war: 2003 - 2008
… and the resulting mountain of
garbage.
31. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Inequality – The greatest challenge
• The outcome of labor exploitation is
inequality
• The outcome of corruption is
inequality
• The outcome of creative tax-
planning is inequality
• Inequality stands in the way of
effective measures against global
warming
31Teknas Etiske råd januar 2015/jmr
32. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
Introduction to the second case
Teknas etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 32
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION
USED AND
GARBAGE
CO2CO2
33. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
General ethical principles to have in mind
Teknas etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 33
Vilfredo Pareto
(1848 – 1923)
The theory of
optimum use
of resources
We will say that the members of a society have achieved
optimum use of the resources when in a position where it
is not possible to move away from this position in a way
that will give one individual a greater benefit witout the
benefit of someone else being reduced.
William Brett, Lord Esher
(1817-1899)
duty of care,
The Precautionary
Principle
There is a social responsibility to protect the
public from exposure to harm, when scientific
investigation has found a plausible risk even if
it is not full scientific consensus about that
risk.
Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804)
The categorical imperative
John Locke
(1632-1704)
The responsibility
for future generations We ought to leave the earth in a condition so
that future generations will have at least the
same freedom of choice as we have.
Act only according to that maxim
whereby you can, at the same time, will
that it should become a universal law.
34. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
For reflection and debate:
• Find and list arguments that supports that
in 50 years time we still have to accept
that some countries have significant
better living conditions for its inhabitants
than others if we should avoyd critical
global warming.
Teknas etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 34
On the other hand:
• Find and list arguments that supports that rich
countries to day have to accept redused living
standard for its inhabitants if we should avoid
critical global warming.
35. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
My pre-prepared sum up
• Are human rights universal?
• … or are they to be understood
and practiced according to
local standards of living?
Teknas etiske råd januar 2015/jmr 35
Adam Smith
(1723-1790)
The invisible hand
”The social
responsibility
of business is
to increase its
profits, agree?”
Unintended consequences of
intended action will be to the
benefit of society at large.
.
36. Tekna – Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening
TO SUM IT ALL UP
36
• Ethics is a personal responsibility and a
collective one …
We have also talked about:
• Ethics as a matter of perspective …
• … and a case on perspectives on human rights
• Business and economy as an ethical challenge
• … and a case on inequality as a special
challenge
Teknas etiske råd januar 2015/jmr
Thank you
for your
attention!
A text-version available at: https://www.tekna.no/globalassets/filer/etikk/temahefter/temahefte-6-2015-green-economy-and-etchical-challenges.pdf