The document summarizes research on sustainable energy performance in green buildings. It discusses strategies to reduce energy consumption through efficient design, renewable energy sources, and passive techniques. The document also reviews theories and challenges regarding sustainable building energy use. Key points addressed include the implications of sustainable performance for reducing emissions and impacts, methods for evaluating building energy use, and initiatives to conceptualize sustainable energy.
Since the 1970s, energy efficiency in buildings has primarily focused on reducing operational energy. However, as buildings become more efficient, embodied energy becomes increasingly significant. With the rise in green building programs, architects and engineers are giving more attention to ways that reduce embodied energy. This paper presents opportunities to address embodied energy in buildings.
Energy simulation & analysis of two residential buildingschirag aggarwal
-> Analysed and compared the energy consumption of a residential building modelled using common building materials and specifications used in Delhi for decades to that of modelled by altering the building envelope and the AC system specifications.
-> Used eQUEST software.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Reducing the Operational Energy Consumption in Buildings by Passive Cooling T...Saurabh Gupta
This presentation is part of the completion of my minor project in the final year of my B.Tech Civil Engineering course.
This shows the process of BIM (Building Information Modelling) for reducing operational energy consumption in Buildings by creating 3D model in Autodesk Revit and performing energy analysis in Autodesk Insight in terms of EUI (Energy Use Intensity).
Abstract:
Enormous increases in energy consumption, its costs, and significant challenges posed by climate change have inevitably drawn the world’s attention towards the upgradation of energy efficiency and sustainability of buildings. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been identified as an effective tool used for energy performance analysis of buildings virtually in the design stage. Applying passive techniques provides a promising and cost-efficient solution to reducing the operational energy demand and decreasing environmental impacts during the lifecycle of the building. This study aims to reduce operational energy consumption in buildings by optimizing different passive parameters. For this purpose, 3D modelling of a residential building and a commercial building is performed using Autodesk Revit and energy analysis is performed using Autodesk Insight. In this paper, various passive techniques like Building orientation, Window-Wall Ratio (WWR), Window Shades and Glass types, Wall and Roof construction, with BIM are assessed to investigate the efficient passive cooling measures on residential and commercial buildings according to climatic conditions of New Delhi, India. The results indicate that the annual operational energy consumption can be reduced to 17.4% in residential building and 16% in commercial building by incorporating passive techniques. The findings will be helpful in passive building design and development in India and contribute to further energy reduction and optimization to realize both energy efficiency and favourable building environments and thermal comfort of the occupants.
Since the 1970s, energy efficiency in buildings has primarily focused on reducing operational energy. However, as buildings become more efficient, embodied energy becomes increasingly significant. With the rise in green building programs, architects and engineers are giving more attention to ways that reduce embodied energy. This paper presents opportunities to address embodied energy in buildings.
Energy simulation & analysis of two residential buildingschirag aggarwal
-> Analysed and compared the energy consumption of a residential building modelled using common building materials and specifications used in Delhi for decades to that of modelled by altering the building envelope and the AC system specifications.
-> Used eQUEST software.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Reducing the Operational Energy Consumption in Buildings by Passive Cooling T...Saurabh Gupta
This presentation is part of the completion of my minor project in the final year of my B.Tech Civil Engineering course.
This shows the process of BIM (Building Information Modelling) for reducing operational energy consumption in Buildings by creating 3D model in Autodesk Revit and performing energy analysis in Autodesk Insight in terms of EUI (Energy Use Intensity).
Abstract:
Enormous increases in energy consumption, its costs, and significant challenges posed by climate change have inevitably drawn the world’s attention towards the upgradation of energy efficiency and sustainability of buildings. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been identified as an effective tool used for energy performance analysis of buildings virtually in the design stage. Applying passive techniques provides a promising and cost-efficient solution to reducing the operational energy demand and decreasing environmental impacts during the lifecycle of the building. This study aims to reduce operational energy consumption in buildings by optimizing different passive parameters. For this purpose, 3D modelling of a residential building and a commercial building is performed using Autodesk Revit and energy analysis is performed using Autodesk Insight. In this paper, various passive techniques like Building orientation, Window-Wall Ratio (WWR), Window Shades and Glass types, Wall and Roof construction, with BIM are assessed to investigate the efficient passive cooling measures on residential and commercial buildings according to climatic conditions of New Delhi, India. The results indicate that the annual operational energy consumption can be reduced to 17.4% in residential building and 16% in commercial building by incorporating passive techniques. The findings will be helpful in passive building design and development in India and contribute to further energy reduction and optimization to realize both energy efficiency and favourable building environments and thermal comfort of the occupants.
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The energy shortage crisis and the rapid change of global climate have become important issues in the world now a days since modern trends are shifting to more sustainable solutions to save energy and to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. Generally speaking, when improving energy efficiency and adopting the energy –saving design, the advantage is not only providing low operating cost for stakeholders, but also reducing the negative impact on the global and ambient environment. This study analyzes the surveyed building integral energy consumption, evaluates its energy performance, and gives further recommendations for saving energy costs by using dynamic energy simulation tool eQuest.
Cascaded Thermodynamic and Environmental Analyses of Energy Generation Modali...Ozyegin University
This study presents cascaded thermodynamic and environmental analyses of a high-performance academic building. Five different energy efficiency measures and operation scenarios are evaluated based on the actual measurements starting from the initial design concept. The study is to emphasize that by performing dynamical energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and environmental analyses with increasing complexity, a better picture of building performance indicators can be obtained for both the building owners and users, helping them to decide on different investment strategies. As the first improvement, the original design is modified by the addition of a ground-air heat exchanger for pre-conditioning the incoming air to heat the ground floors. The installation of roof-top PV panels to use solar energy is considered as the third case, and the use of a trigeneration system as an energy source instead of traditional boiler systems is considered as the fourth case. The last case is the integration of all these three alternative energy modalities for the building. It is determined that the use of a trigeneration system provides a better outcome than the other scenarios for decreased energy demand, for cost reduction, and for the improved exergy efficiency and sustainability index values relative to the original baseline design scenario. Yet, an integrated approach combining all these energy generation modalities provide the best return of investment.
Proper ventilation in one of the primary requirements of any domestic or commercial buildings. The conventional method employs usage of air conditioning or air cooling systems which requires high power consumption. The solar driven ventilation systems can be used in buildings which doesn’t require any external power. The current research reviews various researches conducted in improving system of passive ventilation along use of phase change material as energy storage system. Passive design of buildings does not use the electrical and mechanical systems in providing comfortable indoor environment. Prem Shankar Sahu | Praveen Kumar | Ajay Singh Paikra "Review on Solar Chimney Ventilation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42427.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/42427/review-on-solar-chimney-ventilation/prem-shankar-sahu
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. Read more here: https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/window-film/energy-efficiency/lower-energy-costs-in-2019/
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Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studyFortWorthWindowFilm1
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. Read more in our blog: https://www.fortworthwindowfilm.com/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficient-window-tint/energy-window-film-in-fort-worth/
Window film is a way to make your Denver home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more here:https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/denver-window-film/window-film-energy-efficiency/
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Energy Efficiency is an important part of homeownership not only because it is a green solution but because it saves money too! Read more here:https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/fort-collins-window-film/understanding-the-benefits-of-energy-audits-and-window-film/
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Energy Efficiency is an important part of homeownership not only because it is a green solution but because it saves money too! Read more here: https://www.denvercommercialwindowtinting.com/a-guide-to-understanding-the-benefits-of-energy-audits-and-window-film/
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. https://www.commercialwindowtintingsaltlake.com/energy-efficient-window-film-2019/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studywindowfilmhouston
Window film is a way to make your Austin home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more:https://www.windowfilmaustin.net/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficient-window-tint/window-film-energy-efficiency/
The building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system have recently drawn interest and have demonstrated high potential to assist building owners supply both thermal and electrical loads. In this paper, the BIPV technology has been reviewed, in terms of its performance, efficiency and power generation capacity. Specifically, the applications of the BIPV in tropical climate regions have been discussed, together with its prospects and challenges. For these schemes to be implemented in a tropical climatic region, the following issues must be considered: 1) Certain studies must be done relating to electrical load demand, predicted PV output, location of the buildings and its integration and constraints associated with roof design; 2) For the highest energy production from solar PV, the solar collectors need to be with the right tilt depending on the location; 3) Design criteria such as safety, efficiency, durability, flexibility and constructive issues need to be considered; 4) The government of such countries must train electricians and carpenters on PV installations; 5) The BIPV roofing must perform same function as normal roofing materials, such as noise protection, water tightness, insulation and climate protection, and 6) As practiced around the world, these countries must establish design standards for the BIPV.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
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The energy shortage crisis and the rapid change of global climate have become important issues in the world now a days since modern trends are shifting to more sustainable solutions to save energy and to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. Generally speaking, when improving energy efficiency and adopting the energy –saving design, the advantage is not only providing low operating cost for stakeholders, but also reducing the negative impact on the global and ambient environment. This study analyzes the surveyed building integral energy consumption, evaluates its energy performance, and gives further recommendations for saving energy costs by using dynamic energy simulation tool eQuest.
Cascaded Thermodynamic and Environmental Analyses of Energy Generation Modali...Ozyegin University
This study presents cascaded thermodynamic and environmental analyses of a high-performance academic building. Five different energy efficiency measures and operation scenarios are evaluated based on the actual measurements starting from the initial design concept. The study is to emphasize that by performing dynamical energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and environmental analyses with increasing complexity, a better picture of building performance indicators can be obtained for both the building owners and users, helping them to decide on different investment strategies. As the first improvement, the original design is modified by the addition of a ground-air heat exchanger for pre-conditioning the incoming air to heat the ground floors. The installation of roof-top PV panels to use solar energy is considered as the third case, and the use of a trigeneration system as an energy source instead of traditional boiler systems is considered as the fourth case. The last case is the integration of all these three alternative energy modalities for the building. It is determined that the use of a trigeneration system provides a better outcome than the other scenarios for decreased energy demand, for cost reduction, and for the improved exergy efficiency and sustainability index values relative to the original baseline design scenario. Yet, an integrated approach combining all these energy generation modalities provide the best return of investment.
Proper ventilation in one of the primary requirements of any domestic or commercial buildings. The conventional method employs usage of air conditioning or air cooling systems which requires high power consumption. The solar driven ventilation systems can be used in buildings which doesn’t require any external power. The current research reviews various researches conducted in improving system of passive ventilation along use of phase change material as energy storage system. Passive design of buildings does not use the electrical and mechanical systems in providing comfortable indoor environment. Prem Shankar Sahu | Praveen Kumar | Ajay Singh Paikra "Review on Solar Chimney Ventilation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42427.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/42427/review-on-solar-chimney-ventilation/prem-shankar-sahu
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. Read more here: https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/window-film/energy-efficiency/lower-energy-costs-in-2019/
Window film is a way to make your Fort Worth home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more:https://www.greenlightwindowfilms.com/energy-efficient-window-film/window-film-energy-efficiency/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studyFortWorthWindowFilm1
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. Read more in our blog: https://www.fortworthwindowfilm.com/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficient-window-tint/energy-window-film-in-fort-worth/
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Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studywindowfilmkansascity
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Energy Efficiency is an important part of homeownership not only because it is a green solution but because it saves money too! Read more here:https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/fort-collins-window-film/understanding-the-benefits-of-energy-audits-and-window-film/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studydallaswindowfilm
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Energy Efficiency is an important part of homeownership not only because it is a green solution but because it saves money too! Read more here: https://www.denvercommercialwindowtinting.com/a-guide-to-understanding-the-benefits-of-energy-audits-and-window-film/
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. https://www.commercialwindowtintingsaltlake.com/energy-efficient-window-film-2019/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studywindowfilmhouston
Window film is a way to make your Austin home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more:https://www.windowfilmaustin.net/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficient-window-tint/window-film-energy-efficiency/
The building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system have recently drawn interest and have demonstrated high potential to assist building owners supply both thermal and electrical loads. In this paper, the BIPV technology has been reviewed, in terms of its performance, efficiency and power generation capacity. Specifically, the applications of the BIPV in tropical climate regions have been discussed, together with its prospects and challenges. For these schemes to be implemented in a tropical climatic region, the following issues must be considered: 1) Certain studies must be done relating to electrical load demand, predicted PV output, location of the buildings and its integration and constraints associated with roof design; 2) For the highest energy production from solar PV, the solar collectors need to be with the right tilt depending on the location; 3) Design criteria such as safety, efficiency, durability, flexibility and constructive issues need to be considered; 4) The government of such countries must train electricians and carpenters on PV installations; 5) The BIPV roofing must perform same function as normal roofing materials, such as noise protection, water tightness, insulation and climate protection, and 6) As practiced around the world, these countries must establish design standards for the BIPV.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
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1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVILAND INFRASTRUCTURE
ENGINEERING
GREEN BUILDING AND SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS(CIL7440)
Presented By
Shailendra Chauhan(M22CI010)
Lokesh Meena(M22CI003)
Under The Guidance of
Dr. Bhupendra Singh
Indian Institute Of Technology–Jodhpur
NH 62, Karwar, Rajasthan 342030
3. 1. Introduction
• According to the study by Joelsson, with view to the
effectiveness of green buildings towards decreasing the
use of energy and its negative impacts on the
environment, there are fundamental strategies including
‘reducing the energy demands’, ‘enhanced energy
efficiency’ and ‘application of passive design
techniques’.
1.1 Renewable energy applications in green buildings
• It has been internationally recognized to promote
innovative approaches for mitigation of carbon dioxide
(CO2) emissions due to energy consumption associated
with building construction and operation.
• The study shows how energy efficient designs and
cutting-edge integrated technologies are closely related to
green buildings (including low-energy, ultra-low-energy,
and zero-energy buildings) in order to reduce energy
demand and consumption for things like heating, cooling,
electricity, etc. through the use of on-site renewable
energy sources.
• The study by Esen performs a theoretical-experimental
study on the cylindrical phase change storage tank
connected to a solar powered heat pump system as
represented in Fig.1.
Fig. 1. The proposed system details
4. • The study by Esen develops and analyses the performance of a solar cooking system utilizing vacuum-tube collectors with
heat pipes containing a refrigerant as working fluid as shown in Fig.2.
• Cooling and heating systems are considered as a major focus point of recent researches related to green buildings.
• The study by Ozgen develops a method for slotting in an absorbing plate prepared from aluminium cans into the double-
pass channel in a flat-plate solar air heater to considerably enhance the collector efficiency through escalating the fluid
velocity and improving the heat-transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and the air.
Fig. 2. The proposed system details
5. 2. Sustainability in built environments
2.1 The essence of sustainability
• A comprehensive analysis represents the respective impacts in US
as shown in Fig.3 which is claimed to be very similar in other
developed countries. The energy consumption and the gas emissions
are therefore the most considerable negative consequences which
require innovative solutions.
• Sustainability can also be achieved through consideration of
respective features during the early stages of conceptual design
process .
• According to research by Omer, buildings account for 40% of global
energy consumption, supporting the need for green built
environment growth. This study highlights the critical role that
environmental sustainability plays in creating green built
environments that balance energy needs and energy supply.
• Meanwhile, it has been determined that the four fundamental aspects
of sustainable construction are minimising the negative effects on
the environment, using resources more efficiently, maximising
usefulness, and taking advantage of economic reasons. According to
Fig.4, each subcategory of the above fundamental elements of
sustainable construction is illustrated.
Fig.3. The Environmental Impacts of Buildings
6. Fig. 4. Key Factors for Sustainable Developments
7. 3. Sustainable energy performances of green buildings
3.1. Background
• Back to US Congress 1992 towards assessment of building energy efficiency, there has been attempts to educate the
professionals and ordinary people towards the considerable substance of building energy, level of consumption and
conservations for future.
• In regards to the significant importance of this research, it is repeatedly cited that approximately 20–40 percent of the entire
energy consumption in developed countries (40 percent in Hong Kong, 37 percent in US, 39 percent in UK, & 31 percent in
Japan) refers to the energy usage of buildings.
• According to a study by Ardente, when it comes to the usage of materials, insulation boards made of kenaf fibres are strongly
suggested for use in green structures. The fact that kenaf could absorb a significant amount of carbon dioxide suggests that it
could be extensively used as thermal insulation.
S.No.
1 Resource efficiency
2 Energy efficiency (Including greenhouse gas emissions reduction)
3 Pollution prevention (including indoor air quality and noise abatement)
4 Harmonisation with environment
5 Integrated and systemic approaches
Table.1 Main Targets of Green Building Sustainable Developments
8. 3.2. The implications of sustainable energy performance
• The concept of zero energy building (ZEB) has been developed to ensure
significant reduction of energy consumption, gas emissions, and the
respective environmental impacts. Recent scholarly studies have
demonstrated the implications of sustainable energy performances for green
buildings.
• With reference to US Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA
2007), half of the entire commercial buildings in US must be in comply
with the standards of ZEB by 2040 while it will applicable to the entire
commercial buildings in US by 2050.
• Referring to the European Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD), as of
2018, the respective buildings owned by public authorities or the buildings
used by public sectors must be in line with ZEB standards while from 2020
it will be applicable to all new buildings.
3.3. The evaluation of building performance and energy use in green
buildings
• To provide a clear understanding of the energy consumption process in
buildings and the respective relationship between the building and energy
grids, the following Fig.6 is presented. Furthermore, the concept of net ZEB
balance is presented through Fig.7.
• Referring to UNEP and EPA and Wang, energy efficiency is defined as
“using less energy without compromising the performance of the building”
while energy performance is defined as the quality of building towards
energy consumption.
Fig. 5. Comparison between Different Types of
Energy Buildings
9. • The concept of zero energy building (ZEB) has been developed to ensure significant reduction of energy consumption, gas
emissions, and the respective environmental impacts. Recent scholarly studies have demonstrated the implications of
sustainable energy performances for green buildings.
• Referring to the study by Heiselberg, the primary energy usages of buildings (except residences) must be calculated in order to
not exceed the the following developed equation (A is the heated floor area).
• With a view to the study of Heiselberg regarding the assessment of building performances in Denmark, for being considered
as low energy building representing the expected level of energy efficiency, the primary energy usage must not be higher than
the following amount.
Fig. 6. Connection between Buildings and Energy Grids Fig. 7. The Basis of Zero Energy
10. 3.4. Initiatives in sustainable energy conceptualization
• The following graph as represented in Fig.8 delineates the inconsistency between the energy demands and supplies in a selected
building in UK with 48 hours of focus.
• More recently, Green Building Tool (GBTool) was developed to be used for the evaluation of building performance.
Nonetheless, other similar studies critically argue that the respective building performance system evaluators must be derived
from the locally regional values of each country.
• The energy simulation software are predominantly using particular data input including the building geometry, HVAC systems,
internal loadings, operating strategies and simulation factors besides the weather conditions; in order to predict the energy
performance of buildings and thermal comfort levels.
• Reviewing other studies, it is reflected that the user's behaviour and particularly, careless attitude could significantly increase
the level of energy consumption compared to the conventional level (See Fig.9).
Fig. 8. Analysis of Energy Demands and Energy Supplies Fig. 9. Increased Level of Energy Consumption based on
Careless attitudes
12. 3.5. Final remarks towards the energy performance of green buildings
• According to Kibert's research, efficient building design is necessary for energy conservation and consumption reduction in
green structures. Therefore, it is asserted that this design must prioritise the integration of a suitable building envelope in
addition to the utilisation of renewable energy sources and passive energy-management strategies.
• According to Schmidt's research, people who live in homes with inefficient heating systems are very happy with the interior air
quality. Other research indicate that low energy cooling systems may be able to offer appropriate thermal comfort at the same
time. These could be viewed as successful efforts to improve sustainably built habitats.
• To express the relationships between storing the rainwater and the consumption of it, Fig. 10 is shown
Table.4. Potential Strengths and Challenges of Energy Systems
13. • According to Figs.11 and 12, the application of photovoltaic panels on roofs, walls and windows and the respective details of
structure are represented as the main basic design approaches.
Fig.10. The Relationship between the Storage and Consumption of Rainwater Fig.11. The Conceptual Detail of Photovoltaic Panel
Fig.12. The Application of Photovoltaic Panels on Roofs, Walls and Windows
14. • Based on the conclusions drawn from the analysis of an office building as the single case model, a similar study by Zhai
validates the success of the use of solar energy based systems in China (See Fig.13). As shown in Fig.14, the relevant solar
system effectively delivers natural ventilation, floor heating, and air conditioning.
Fig.13 A Sample of Solar Energy Green Building Fig. 14. A Conceptual Detail
• As another integrated solution, the use of green roofs, which is integrated with solar shading devices, are proposed by Kumar
according to the provided detail (See Fig.15).
• The study by Jaffal confirms the effectiveness of green roofs towards indoor enhanced thermal comfort and energy performance
of building based on the analysis of a residential case model (See Fig.16).
• The simulation results explicitly represent the effectiveness of the application of green roofs and the integrated solar shading
devices as shown in Fig.17.
15. Fig. 15. Conceptual Detail of Green Roofs
Fig. 16. Conventional Roof vs Green Roof
Fig. 17. The Comparison of Indoor Air Temperature
16. • This study represents the materials used for adaptable traditional settlements in different regions with a view to their energy
performance because several studies demonstrate that traditional structures are effectively designed to adjust to the natural
climate of region. (Observe Fig.17).
• Likewise, the level of energy consumption for heating, cooling and the overall usage of energy are compared and represented
(Fig.18).
• It is discovered through analysis of a sample of zero energy homes in the UK that there are three primary components,
including solar hot water systems, lighting, and space heating systems. It is believed that using solar hot water systems is a
widely used integrated strategy with significant effects on achieving zero energy levels.
• Within such system, the relations between the solar collector, the temperature sensors, the heat exchanger and heater besides the
controller systems are shown according to Fig.19.
Fig. 17. Use of Roof Materials for Vernacular Settlements
18. • In a similar study, the utilization of double-skin facades is proposed by
Haase as an innovative approach towards sustainable energy performance
of buildings. This additional layer could be influential in the following
targets.
i. Decreasing the acoustic impacts
ii. Decreasing the heat gain
iii. Providing natural day lighting
iv. Providing airflows
v. Responsiveness to the surrounding
• According to the following Figs. 20 and 21 versatile types of double skin
facades and the circumstances of airflow movements are represented. Fig. 19. The Relations between Solar Collector,
Temperature sensors, Heat Exchanger, Heater and
Controller Systems
Fg. 20. Versatile Types of Double Skin Facades Fig. 21. Air Movements in Versatile Types of Double Skin Facades
19. • According to the Fig.22, it is clearly shown that through application of EPC, cost saving will be increased based on the
reduction of utility costs. Energy performance contracting (EPC) is a mechanism which was initially developed in North
America (1970) and indeed, it is a finance package for guaranty- ing energy saving through the respective designs, installations
and service .
• The study by Mwasha develops a new ranking system for sustainable energy performances based on the responses of building
professionals as represented in Fig.23.
• The findings represent that the level of energy consumption is the top-ranked parameter with the highest level of importance
index followed by operational energy, energy subsidies and policies. Meanwhile, the study reveals the ranking of material
efficiency based on their level of importance index as shown in Fig.24.
Fig. 22. Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) Fig. 23. Energy Efficiency Criteria
20. Fig. 24. Material Efficiency Criteria
4. Conclusions
To summarize, the study refers to Berardi with regards to the analysis of recent interpretations on sustainable buildings.
Accordingly, the respective study states: “sustainable building is characterized by the following fundamentals:
• demand for safe building, flexibility, market and economic value;
• neutralization of environmental impacts by including its con- text and its regeneration;
• human well being, occupants’ satisfaction and stakeholders’ rights;
• social equity, aesthetics improvements, and preservation of cultural values.”
Reference:
• Amir Hosein Ghaffarian Hoseini,n, Nur Dalilah Dahlan, Umberto Berardi, Ali Ghaffarian Hoseini, Nastaran Makaremi,
MahdiarGhaffarianHoseini, “Sustainable energy performances of green buildings: A review of current theories,
implementations and challenges,” ELSEVIER, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 25(2013)1–17, May 2013.