Greek civilization

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• A project covering from prehistory to ancient greek era and help us
understand morden architecture.
What is ancient greek project ?

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• Prehistoric civilization
• Greek philosophers
• Golden ratio
• Greek architecture
• Influence of Greek
architecture on modern world
What Is in ancient Greek project?

One of the oldest man made structure
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• Around 2 million years
ago, Homo habilis is
believed to have
constructed the first man-
made structure in East
Africa, consisting of
simple arrangements of
stones to hold branches of
trees in position

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• In paleolithic times, mostly
animals were painted, in
theory ones that were used
as food or represented
strength, such as
the rhinoceros or large cats.
Cave painting

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• About 2000
B.C.E.minoa
n and
mycenaen
communities
from small
island of
aegean sea
came to
mainland of
Greece.
•
Ancient Greek

8BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT # / UNIT TITLE

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Greek mathematician & philosophers
• Greek civilization is influenced by their philosophers &
mathematicians
• There were great mathematicians and philosophers were been in
Greek.
• Like Euclid, archemidies, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
etc.

Euclid
(mid 300-200bc)
• Euclid was a
Greek
mathematician often
regarded as
“father of
geometry”.
• He is known for
geometry,
elements and
Algorithm.
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Greek mathematician

Greek mathematician
Archimedes of
Syracuse
(287 – c. 212 BC)
• Archimedes was
a Greek mathematician
physicist, engineer,
inventor, and
astronaut.
• He is also known for his
Principals, construction
And hydrostatics.

Socrates
(470-399 BC)
• Was a classic Greek philosopher.
• Credited as one of the founder of
western philosophy.
• He developed his own method, he
was master in politics, philosophical
thoughts.
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Greek philosopher

Plato
(427-347 bc)
• Plato Was a philosopher in
Classical Greece
• Founder of academy
In Athens the first
Institution of higher
Learning in the
western world.
• he is
Widely considered
the most pivoted
figure in the
development of
Philosophy especially
The western
Tradition.
13BIG HISTORY PROJECT / INTRODUCTION
Greek philosophers

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• According to mythology, the Greek philosopher Pythagoras
discovered the concept of golden ratio.
• The Greeks, who called it the golden section, based the entire
design of the Parthenon on this proportion.
• Phidias (500 BC - 432 BC), a Greek sculptor and mathematician,
studied phi and applied it to the design of sculptures for the
Parthenon.
Golden ratio

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Greek Pottery
• it has exerted a disproportionately
large influence on our understanding
of Greek society.

Greek Pottery
• The process of making a pot and
firing it is fairly simple. The first thing
a potter needs is clay. Attica's high-
iron clay gave its pots an orange
color.

Greek Pottery
• The most familiar aspect of ancient
Greek pottery is painted vessels of
fine quality

ActivitiesGreek architecture orders

Greek architecture orders
• An architectural order describes a style of building.
• The classical orders—described by the labels Doric, Ionic, and
Corinthian.

Doric order
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• The Doric order is the earliest of the
three Classical order
• The Doric order emerged on the
Greek mainland during the course
of the late seventh century BCEm
• and remained the predominant
order for Greek temple construction
through the early fifth century BCE,
• although notable buildings built
later in the the Classical period—
especially the canonical Parthenon
in Athens—still employed it.

Ionic order
• As its names suggests, the
Ionic order originated in
Ionia.
• Volutes, scroll-like
ornaments, characterize the
Ionic capital, and a base
supports the column, unlike
the Doric order.

Corenthian order
• The Corinthian order is both the
latest and the most elaborate of
the Classical orders of
architecture.
• This order was employed in both
Greek and Roman
architecture with minor
variations and gave rise, in turn, to
the Composite order.
• As the name suggests, the
Corinthian order originated from
Corinthia. Transmitted to Greece.
• The defining element of the
Corinthian order is its elaborate,
carved capital.

Does it work?
Greek architecture

Greek architecture
• Greek architecture refers to the architecture of the Greek-speaking peoples
who inhabited the Greek mainland.
• Greek architecture stretches from c. 900 B.C.E. to the first century C.E.
• Greek architecture influenced Roman architecture and architects in
profound ways.

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Temple
• The most recognizably “Greek” structure is the temple
• The earliest shrines were built to honor divinities and were made
from materials such as a wood and mud brick.
• The basic form of the naos emerges as early as the tenth century B.C.E.
as a simple, rectangular room.
• In eighth century they started making temple from permanent material
called stone.
Greek architecture

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Theatre
• The Greek theater was a large, open-air structure used for
dramatic performance.
• Theaters often took advantage of hillsides and naturally sloping
terrain and, in general, utilized the panoramic landscape as the
backdrop to the stage itself.
• The Greek theater is composed of the seating area (theatron), a
circular space for the chorus to perform (orchestra), and the stage
(skene). Tiered seats in the theatron provided space for spectators.
Two side aisles (parados, pl. paradoi) provided access to the
orchestra.
• The most famous amphi theatre is colessean.
• It was built in 70 – 80 AD.
Greek architecture

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Theatre
BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT # / UNIT TITLE
Greek architecture

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Bouleuterion
• The Bouleuterion (βουλευτήριον) was an important civic building in
a Greek city,
• as it was the meeting place of the boule (citizen council) of the city.
• These select representatives assembled to handle public affairs
and represent the citizenry of the polis (in ancient Athens the boule
was comprised of 500 members).
Greek architecture

38BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT # / UNIT TITLE
Greek architecture

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House
• Greek houses of the Archaic and
Classical periods were relatively
simple in design.
• Houses usually were centered on a
courtyard; the courtyard also provided
natural light for the often small
houses.
• The ground floor rooms would have
included kitchen and storage rooms,
perhaps an animal pen and a latrine;
• The houses excavated in the
southwest part of the Athenian Agora
had walls of mud brick that rested on
stone socles and tiled roofs, with
floors of beaten clay.
Greek architecture

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Fortifications
• Fortifications is a potential system of border defenses.
• the massive fortifications enclose a high citadel that occupies
imposing terrain.
Greek architecture

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Stadium, Gymnasium, and Palaestra
• The Greek stadium with a horseshoe shape, the stadium occupied
reasonably flat terrain.
• The gymnasium (from the Greek term gymnós meaning "naked")
was a training center for athletes who participated in public games
• This facility tended to include areas for both training and storage.
• Thepalaestra (παλαίστρα) was an exercise facility originally
connected with the training of wrestlers.
• These complexes were generally rectilinear in plan, with a
colonnade framing a central, open space.
Greek architecture

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• No matter where you are in the world today, chances are you have
come across a piece of Greek-inspired architecture.
Conclusion

Greek civilization

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