This document discusses graphene nanoparticles. It begins by defining graphene as a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, and describes some of graphene's amazing physical properties - it is stronger than steel yet lighter than aluminum. The document notes that graphene was discovered in 2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester, for which they received the Nobel Prize in 2010. Finally, the document outlines some potential uses and applications of graphene, including in energy storage, sensors, electronics, and coatings.

1. Graphene nanoparticles
Sandeepkumar C H
PG18AGR10022
Dept. of Agril. Entomology
College of Agriculture, Raichur

2. Graphene
• Graphene is the name for a honeycomb sheet of
carbon atoms. It is the building block for other
graphitic materials (since a typical carbon atom has
a diameter of about 0.33 nanometers, there are
about 3 million layers of graphene in 1 mm of
graphite).
• Harder than diamond yet more elastic than rubber;
tougher than steel yet lighter than aluminium.
Graphene is the strongest known material.

3. Discovery
• Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, two physicists from
the University of Manchester, in 2004.
• They received the Nobel Prize in 2010.

4. Graphene aerogel, balancing on a flower.
Credit: Zhejiang University

5. Graphene possesses other
amazing characteristics
• Its high electron mobility is 100x faster than silicon
• It conducts heat 2x better than diamond
• Its electrical conductivity is 13x better than copper
• It absorbs only 2.3% of reflecting light
• It is impervious so that even the smallest atom (helium)
can't pass through a defect-free monolayer graphene sheet
• Its high surface area of 2630 square meters per gram means
that with less than 3 grams you could cover an entire soccer
field

6. Graphene sheets are building
blocks for other graphite materials

9. Biosynthesis
• GN/Ag and GN/Au nanocomposites can be
ecofriendly synthesized using Xanthium strumarium
leaf extract.
• The produced graphene/metal nanocomposites
may be less-toxic, biocompatible, and useful for
bioapplications.

10. Scheme for plant extract mediated
graphene/metal nanocomposite synthesis.

11. • TEM images of
(a) Ag nanoparticles,
(b) GN/Ag
nanocomposites,
(c) Au nanoparticles,
(d) GN/Au
nanocomposites

12. Toxicity
• GFNs can induce acute and chronic injuries in
tissues by penetrating through the blood-air barrier,
blood-testis barrier, blood-brain barrier, and blood-
placenta barrier etc. and accumulating in the lung,
liver, and spleen etc.
• GFNs did not pose a danger to human neural stem
cells at a dose of 250 μg/mL

13. Graphene uses and applications
• Energy storage and solar cells
• Sensor applications
• Electronics applications
• Photodetectors
• Coatings
• Other uses

15. THANK YOU!