Gran Torino Film Analysis Essay

Gran Torino Film Analysis Essay
Gran Torino Film Analysis
Norma J Morehead
Intercultural/International Communication
10 June 2012
Cultural conflict and popular culture are two experiences in life that assist in defining intercultural communication and how its influence affects our
daily intercommunication. Cultural conflict is inevitable as we live out our daily lives in the identities we have selected for ourselves, the identities
relating to our ethnicity and in those identities others have selected for us. These identities are bound to conflict with another individual's identities
which is why there is a need for understanding what intercultural communication is and how it can be enhanced becomes vital to peaceful living around
the world. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Popular culture was demonstrated when the granddaughter was texting during the grandmother's funeral services; with the gang interaction and the
music they played; the encounter on the corner with the Caucasian teenager walking with Sue and they were stopped by the three African American
males and harassed physically and verbally with race and gender stereotypes and age when Walt came to the rescue. Walt had a quite a few verbal
stereotypes for all of them in addition to using his gun to break up the conflict. Popular culture
Of the five types of Cultural Conflict the three most significant conflicts in intercultural communication in the film Gran Torino are found in conflict in
values, conflict in goals, and cognitive conflict. Conflicts in values are the differing ideologies as in philosophy and principles. Two examples of
conflict in values found in the film Gran Torino are:
1. Walt and the priest had different ideologies on life and death. The priest kept approaching Walt with the offer of confession which he had promised
Walt's wife before she died. Walt did not think much of religion, attending church or confession or the priest. The priest resolved to get Walt into
confession with his philosophy, principles and outlook on life as his religion dictated.
2. Ethnic types of conflict were shown at the family barbeque. Walt accepted Sue's invitation to
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How Poor Intercultural Communication Affects International...
Intercultural Communication Affecting International Commerce and Foreign Policy:
France Opposes Turkey Entering the European Union Communication within one cultural group sharing traditions and national or regional identity is
often effortless. The social and cultural meanings between the same cultures in regard to communication are understood the way they are intended.
When discourse happens within members of the same social groups; they will communicate, talk, discuss in similar places that all members of that
culture attend or visit like bars, schools, shopping malls, community meetings, party events, the office, etc. The meaning arrived at or the knowledge
and accepted truth toward an issue is more or less the consensus of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being able to understand how people from different cultures and religions communicate, interact, and perceive the environment around them allows for
the formation of important guidelines and practices which help combat and avoid anxiety and uncertainty in government, business, and personal
intercultural relationships for the purpose of efficient negotiations and merges different cultures into more tolerant cohesive existence. It is imperative
that these same principles are utilized when communicating to cultural groups other than our own because people from different cultures encode and
decode messages and meaning differently. Because of this, what is acceptable to one is not necessarily acceptable by the other especially if they base
their practices on their own judgments and ideas and communicate disregarding the judgments and ideas of any other culture. Ignorance can lead to
devastating and damaging assumptions in terms of building intercultural relationships when one enters communication using the same old ethnocentric
approach. It is a lot like the Nazis viewing the world according to their standards and beliefs without regards to the rights and beliefs of any other
group. It is also the same as extreme

Intercultural Communication Is Defined As Situated...
Intercultural communication is defined as situated communication between individuals or groups of different linguistic and cultural origins (Lanqua,
n.p.). Whenever communication happens between people whose first language is not the local language or when people communicate who grew up in
different cultures they are committing intercultural communication. This sounds like something that does not occur very often, but it is quite common
and is becoming more common as new technologies allow people to communicate from all over the world without ever having to leave the comfort of
their house. Intercultural communication also occurs within a single country between different co–cultures. The United States Armed Forces and the
United States would be an example of this. The United States Armed Forces is in the top ten biggest militaries in the world. With that many people,
intercultural communication happens very frequently within the country. As a side note, while there are differences within the cultures, this is only
looking at the overall general behavior of the culture.
The military itself has its own culture. Militaries are societies unto themselves, with their own sociology, history, values and beliefs. Military culture is
built on these principles of shared history and values (Hill, 2015). The core values of the military can be found in the acronym LDRSHIP, which
stands for loyalty, duty, respect, selfless–service, honor, integrity, and personal courage. These are

Intercultural Mediation in a Postmodern World
This presentation will focus on mediation and the very notion of intercultural mediator in a postmodern world. Mediation is the process of
intercultural transformation for all parties involved and also a learning resource in newly constructed spaces of social interactions. Mediation refers
to an intercultural spatiality (the socially produced space (Lefebvre 1991), which is not static but constitutive of social relations (Rick, 1997). Here it
is useful to adopt Lefebvre's unitary theory of space (1991), which brings together all its elements, namely i) the physical (real/material) or perceived
space, ii) the mental (imagined/conceptual) or conceived space and iii) the social or lived space (Rick, 1997, pp. 10–12). The social or lived space...
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Mediators are transformative learners who in fact maintain a multiple foci or perspective of both their required skills as well as in the mediation
process itself. They engage in a journey of personal and cultural transformation in which they feel they belong maintaining at the same time their
professional impartiality. The intercultural "mediator's skills, sensitivity, awareness (of self and others) and patience will be summoned to the forefront
of this whirling space of conflicting behaviors, substantive jousting, contesting statements and adversarial accusations" (Townsend, 2002). Jon
Townsend (2002) described the following five intercultural principles and mediation practices, which create an operational interecultural space of
mutual understanding, empathy and collaborative ethos using culturally appropriate behaviors. These principles are: 1.Flexibility; namely the "mental
elasticity" that allows mediators "to be a part of and yet apart from the cultural milieu into which they have entered". Attributes associated with this
principle are wonder, awe or creativity. 2.Tolerance, namely the ability to resist the effects of prejudice in regards to the views, beliefs and practices of
others. "Transparency, empathetic understanding and ethnorelative valuing" are some of the attributes associated with this principle. 3.Hope, namely
the ability to act as a positive role–model providing pathways for the

Personal Theories Of Ethnocentrism And Conformity Orientation
Personal theories are individual theories of communication that help people describe and explain a myriad of circumstances, experiences, and
interactions with others. Not everyone's personal theories are the same, however, each personal theory contains fundamental communicational
applications or concepts; these applications are the backbone of personal theories. Scholarly theories are similar to personal theories however scholarly
theories provide objective explanations on communication My personal theory on my relationship with my family applies to the concepts of
ethnocentrism and conformity orientation, while my tendency to avoid the term "one day," applies to the concepts of self–development and
monochronic time.
When I was younger, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Approximately two years ago, I realized that "one day" is a very arbitrary phrase. I was promised that "one day" I would reunite with one of my
dearest friends, however, as the months passed, I received not a single word. Months turned into years and to my disappointment, the reunion never
happened. Therefore, one day is synonymous with never. From then and on, I replace "one day" with the phrase, "one of these days" because then it
doesn't imply that it is never going to happen; it implies that it will happen, but not just right now. My personal theory best exemplifies
self–development which is essentially another aspect of individual communication. An individual undergoes self–development from his or her earliest
of interactions. In this respect, the individual learns from his or her experiences. My personal theory embodies this principle because from my
experience of the term "one day," I have realized how often individuals utilize it in their vernacular and they always never follow through on their "one
day" promises. Additionally, my personal theory applies to the concept of monochronic time. When individuals pay attention to and do solely one
activity at a time is monochronic time. I live in monochronic culture and I behave according to monochronic time, and my interpretation of "one day"
or "one of these days," is simply my effort to

Interpersonal Communication
We are in a world today where many cultures interact and option to remain independent is no longer a realistic option. The differences among cultures
greatly affect interpersonal communication in innumerable ways. Culture passes from one generation to another through communication and this is
immensely different from communicating with individuals of the same beliefs or values. In the Interpersonal Communication textbook, Joseph DeVito
says, "Cultural differences exist throughout the interpersonal communication spectrum–from the way you use eye contact to the way you develop or
dissolve a relationship." Verbal and nonverbal messages are sent between individuals no matter what their beliefs or values are like so people need to
understand how to make the right choices and send a positive message. Interpersonal communication is an important aspect of life for many reasons
such as the fact that we can better understand ourselves and why people act and behave the way ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An important aspect of culture and interpersonal communication is the fact that it's impossible to interact "without being aware of how culture
influences human communication" (DeVito.) To improve communication skills, and understanding of the differences and relevance of culture is
extremely important. Through enculturation, you learn about your native culture and develop and ethnic identity. Another process of learning culture
is acculturation, which is learning the norms and rules about a culture different from your own. Learning and gaining a better understanding of the
external world (enculturation and acculturation) are one of the specific axioms or principles of interpersonal communication. Culture and interpersonal
communication go along with each other because they change individual observers into active participants of intercultural

Mexican American Relationships
than Americans do. In addition, the authors found cultural differences and cultural similarities among the U.S. Residents, Russians, and Lithuanians.
For instance, for the U.S. interviewees friendship and comfort love are important features of romantic love. According to the authors, one of the main
purpose of this journal article is to answer the question that romantic love is cultural universal or not based on the data collected from the participants
(De Munck, Korotayev, De Munck, & Khaltourina, 2011, p. 27). Indeed, everyone has a different meaning of the term romantic love. Certainly, it is
important for couples to talk to each other of ways to overcome any conflicts that may arise in a relationship. People who avoid conflicts by avoiding...
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Effective communication is very important in relationships because it will avoid problems in couples' relationships. Men and women who are in a
relationship should learn about his or her partner's culture diversity such as food, beliefs, values, and language. Couples who are constantly fighting and
arguing lack of communication skills. The couples who are continually fighting should learn how to communicate well and manage conflicts. Language
usage is a communication style that is different in every culture. People who are in intercultural relationships usually use words and phrases that have a
different meaning compare to his or her partner's culture. It is important to find ways to solve an argument and understand how the partner is
emotionally feeling. Someone who listens with the intent to understand uses a positive strategy to avoid an argument. Lack of trust is another issue
intercultural relationships tend to have. Trust in relationships is important because it will enrich the love in couples' relationships. Intercultural couples
should respect each other differences and work together in their

The Difference Between The North American And Mexican...
Nowadays, we are living in the community that we are interacting with people who have different cultural background. When we interact with others
who do not share the same values as us, numerous intercultural issues are going to emerge, such as language difference, nonverbal misinterpretation,
preconceptions and stereotypes, and etc. Spanglish by James L. Brooks explores the difference between the North American and Mexican American
culture by describing how Flor is an illegal immigrant from Mexico who does not speak any English and tries to integrate to an American family.
Although cross–cultural can be a challenge or an obstacle to interact with others, we just need to put more effort by fostering more respect and
acceptance against their culture. This is because it is a great opportunity for us to learn from others in order to enrich our knowledge and widen our
vision toward the world.
Stereotypes happen when we have a certain judgment for a particular group of people beyond their behaviors in the society. Miladinovic declares, "In
an intercultural setting, their use increases our sense of security and is psychologically necessary to the degree that we cannot tolerate ambiguity or the
sense of helplessness when we cannot understand or deal with other people and situations"("Overcoming Obstacles Intercultural Communication"). In
"An Introduction to Intercultural Communication", Jandt states, "Psychologists have attempted to explain stereotyping as mistakes our brains make

Here Are My Members Of My Group : Elizabeth Diaz
Here are my members in my group:
Elizabeth Diaz: She was born in San Francisco, CA to Mexican parents. Automatically made her a U.S. Citizen until this day labeled as full
Mexican. Diaz said it was difficult for her to grow up into the Mexican culture, never really fit in. Going to Mexico they would call "gringa" meant
"white girl" for being born in America. Living in America same thing you don't fit in. One thing she dislikes was people labeled her many racist
things. For Diaz being a grown woman, she 's proud being Mexican American and learns more about her culture.
Ashten Gray: From Dallas, Texas Lesbian, Graffiti Artist, and Marijuana user. She became friends with many people of color.
Brigitte Anne Dionisio: She was born and grew up in the Philippines, moved to the United States with siblings at 11 years old. Her family both speak
Tagalog and English fluently at home, Dionisio said in her culture Family is valuable, "That 's what my elders teach at every generation." Says
Dionisio. She and her family aren 't that religious, Dionisio does go to church on Sundays with her family. Birthdays, Holidays or any event family
always get together everyone had to attend. She is from a huge family, she follows every Filipino tradition.
The last member of the group is Monthisa Jamara Alton: Born in Sacramento, CA has been to so many places. Then returned to Los Angeles and
Berkeley, CA. A very determined woman to finish her education. Here is my team I 'll be honest there were two

Intercultural Communication : A Discourse Approach
Chapter one – Intercultural communication: A discourse approach
Intercultural communication: A discourse approach attempts to explain the discourse approach and points to the authors ' distinction between
cross–cultural communication and intercultural communication. The chapter underlines the authors ' approach and theory to intercultural communication
. It covers several explanations and the distinction between cross–cultural communication and intercultural communication. The chapter discusses the
many varieties of culture that exist. It also clarifies that intercultural communication can occur in conversations not necessarily when two people are
from different countries.
In Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach, Scollon, Scollon, and Jones presents and develops the notion of 'discourse systems' as a way
to get beyond the culture and the idea that culture is a person's background. Rather than depending on 'culture' it is advised that it is the different
discourse systems into which we have been socialised into should be a guidance to our interpersonal communication 'Each definition of culture can
lead us down a different pathway, and all of these pathways are potentially fruitful' (Scollon, Scollon, Jones 2011).
The term culture is described as 'a verb'. However it is explained that culture is difficult to define as it can be associated in different ways by different
people. Some people think of culture as a thing while others term it as a set of beliefs,

Essay on Intercultural Communication
Today, we live in a culturally diverse society due to globalization. As our world grows, expands and become increasingly more interconnected, the need
for effective interpersonal communication among differing cultures has become apparent. When people from different cultures interact with one
another there is intercultural communication because different cultures create different interpretation and expectations about what is seen as competent
behaviors that will enable the construction of shared meanings.
There are numerous definitions of culture but I will use the definition of the interpretive approach and Clifford Geertz's, which defines culture as a
meaning system which members use to interpret the world around them. Culture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When we behave ethnocentrically, we are essentially defending our group membership boundaries and our usual ways of thinking, feeling, and
responding.
According to Hofstede China values collectivism and the Chinese people are very much group oriented. In school they have to wear uniform to
belong in a cohesive group and unity. This is a very good example of the in–group orientation, as the Chinese people establish their identity and
self–esteem by being a part of a cohesive group and they try to avoid differing from the group. As our horizon is very much a cultural and social
phenomenon it may explain why people who have the same backgrounds find it easier to communicate and fuse horizons. People from similar
backgrounds are able to communicate in a meaningful way. Our in–groups are also our discourse or knowledge communities that facilitate a particular
identity by creating a sense of belonging, shared world view and creating norms and rules for how to conceptualize and talk about things (Discourse
communities). Meaning is also tied to identity in the sense that the limitations made by the culture in which we belong to allow us to distinguish who
are 'within' and those who are 'outside' (Christoffanini).
The main problem with communication between people of different cultures is the representation of the 'Others' as different from us. When we speak
of others different from us we are in general referring to all who are

Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks By Samovar,...
Intercultural Communication
Introduction
According to the articles Intercultural communication stumbling blocks by Barna and Intercultural communication by Samovar, Porter, McDaniel &
Roy, describe the various challenges that are faced between communications of two individuals who come from different cultures. Notably, challenges
that are faced by different people who come from different cultures exist due to the problem of the difference between the cultural norms. For instance,
what is acceptable in the United States as a form of communication is entirely different from what is acceptable in Japan as a form of communication.
Additionally, challenges that exist in intercultural communication may be due to the prejudices that individuals ... Show more content on
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The Vietnamese student thought that Americans are superficial for the way talk as well as smiling too much. On the other hand, An American Girl
viewed that the international students most of them were quite unfriendly. According to this article, there are stumbling blocks that exist in
intercultural communication. First is the language whereby there may exist different interpretation concerning a particular vocabulary or sentence
(Barna, 1994). For instance, according to this article, when a Japanese hear that 'won't you have some tea? ' He may respond 'no ' meaning that he is
interested in taking tea which may mean to an American person that he is not interested in taking the tea. Thus, this may act as a stumbling block. The
second stumbling block is nonverbal signs and symbols. In case there exist different meaning of the non–verbal signs and symbols, communication is
hindered.
Summary of Prejudice in Intercultural Communication
This article describes the way individuals react negatively to other people without any factual material or direct contact. In other words, it describes the
way some people have a negative attitude towards other people from a particular culture due to the prejudice. According to this article, individuals
usually practice prejudice towards other people due to four reasons. First is due to their utilitarian or adjustment function. In this case, they intend to
hold the

Intercultural Communication Is Important for an Effective...
Intercultural Communication is Important For An Effective Communicator Qianya Zhuo Principle & Practice of Human Communication 02/19/2011
In order to be an effective communicator, it is important that people should have a solid understanding of intercultural communication. "The term
'intercultural communication ' is often used to refer to the wide range of communication issues that inevitably arise within an organization composed of
individuals from a variety of religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds."(uslegal definition) Whether in study, business or travelling, a good
understanding of intercultural communication will help you understand others better. When people study abroad, intercultural... Show more content on
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For example , in Asian countries the word "no" is rarely used, so that "yea" can mean "no" or "perhaps". Therefore, an American traveling to Japan
might be considered impolite if he ignores this rule. (Problems In Intercultural Communication) Ethnocentrism is another challenge of intercultural
communication. "Ethnocentrism is the view that one particular ethnic group is somehow superior to all others." (All About Philosophy)
"Ethnocentrism leads to misunderstanding of others." (Kim & Hubbard, 2007) People usually distort what other people mean through their own
tinted glasses. They see others ' ways in terms of their life experience, not others ' context. For example, when I am studying in the USA, I find the
context of communication among friends here is different. The American often talk about rumors around them, like whose girl friend is much older
than the boy and whose gay friend is funny. I do not like talking about that, as I think that is not interesting and at some level it will hurt others '
feelings. However, this is the atmosphere that American adolescence like to live with. Maybe it is the way they use to kill time. They are not mean
to hurt others. I have seen American family throwing away their unfinished food. In China, it is an improper way to do so. The Chinese respect
farmers who work hard on producing rice and other food. Wasting food is

The Importance Of Nonverbal Communication
Communication has been described as a flow of information between two parties principally between a source and a receiver. Communication is a any
behavioral approach that can come in the verbal, nonverbal or graphic form that is sent by one and receive by another. Communication demonstrates
our ability to interact and influence others in a useful way. Successful people are not only proficient in their own fields but also communication
oriented and possessed a quality to demonstrate professional behavior, awareness, sympathy and concern for a office. An organization wants its
employees to possessed a wide range of communication skills this skills may include communication in a diverse workforce, organizing ideas and
knowledge for self and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Head up, back straight (not Rigid) suggests an upright character and it has more type such as body movement, eye contact, and touch. As
communication has four different types, first one is, intrapersonal communication and it is a type of communication as it takes place takes place
between two or more than two peoples by using the means of communication. Interpersonal communication is a second type of communication, which
occurs in small groups or between two people in one to one basis, giving instructions to the staffs; costumer relations and feedback are the examples
of this communication. Public communication is the third type and can be defined as a situation that includes an organization communication with
multiple receivables Simultaneously. Examples of this kinds of communications can be a staff newsletter, video clips on YouTube or in the form of
reports, so it is a public face of company. So final type of communication is mass communication it is a simply the process of conveying of message
to a large number of people for instance, public relations, annul reports, advertisings and webcasts are all types of mass communication. In
communication there are five types of barriers 1.stereotypes and prejudice :It is a way of organizing phenomena into meaningful categories.it is type
of barrier where there is no information or small information and creates a negative towards a group.
2.cultural practices: while an arrangement of practice may not be

Developing Intercultural Communication : An Outstanding...
Nowadays, more active interactions across different nations and cultures are open to many people due to the development of globalization and
internationalization. The growth in foreign travel, international trading and migration have led all countries been connected as a big community. These
kinds of events have brought about unprecedented levels of interaction and communication among people from different cultures and different linguistic
backgrounds in the world. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of studying intercultural communication as it plays a significant role in
facilitating communication between people who share no common cultures and languages. Studying intercultural communication will help to bridge
cultural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Having intercultural communication competence will enhance their personal and social interactions between people with differing cultural identities.
New immigrants and international students have made the society more multicultural and diverse. Being able to accept the differences carried by these
new arrivals and respect their religion, beliefs and rituals will build harmonious relationships between them and local citizens, which will contribute
greatly to the peace of the society. Especially for teachers, intercultural communication competence embeds them the ability to teach and interact with
the students from different countries, without touching their cultural taboos and causing misunderstandings. Also, many Asian countries such as
China, Japan and Korea, English gains more weight in their education system as they take English as a compulsory foreign language to learn at
school. So the society is now in great need of personnel who have a good command of language knowledge as well as having intercultural
communication skills. How to make English teaching meet the needs of social and economic development has become an urgent task to English
teachers. The ability to communicate with people who are from various backgrounds will provide you more chances to find a good job in some
countries. Moreover, the

Intercultural Conflict Styles In Global Communication
Abstract
This research paper will explain the important learnings of intercultural conflict styles within global communication. The overall problem that is
addressed within intercultural communication is the conflicts that come about because people may not know how to approach a situation with
someone or a group of people of a different race, gender, ethnicity, or background.
The articles throughout this research has shown the different areas intercultural conflicts effect, who they effect, and how they can be handled through
the different conflict styles. Mitchell
Hammer, Ph. D., who's views we will examine further, breaks up the intercultural conflict styles into four sections, or a chart, that visually explains how
certain cultures handle these conflicts differently. The mission is for the audience to have a better understanding of intercultural conflict styles and
how they can be used in situations while interacting with others.
Introduction
A common issue individuals have is interacting with others. Although it is said that communication is key, whether it is because of a person's gender,
sexuality, ethnicity, age, custom backgrounds, religious beliefs, or their every day norms communication is easily misconstrued amongst humans. The
issue is, people are not aware of the theory of intercultural conflict styles and how these styles are intended to know how to handle certain situations
with people of different cultural backgrounds. Luckily, the Intercultural Conflict

Summary Of Elizabeth Diaz's ' I Am My Member '
Here are my members in my group:
Elizabeth Diaz: She was born in San Francisco, CA to Mexican parents. Automatically made her a US Citizen until this day labeled as full Mexican.
Diaz said it was difficult for her to grow up into Mexican Culture, never really fit in. One thing she dislikes the most was people labeled her many
racist names. Diaz being a grown woman, she's proud being Mexican American and learns more about her culture.
Ashten Gray: Gray is from Dallas, Texas Lesbian, Graffiti Artist and Marijuana user. She befriended with many people of color and she is White.
Brigitte Anne Dionisio: Dionisio was born and grew up in the Philippines, moved to the US with siblings at 11 years old. Her family, both speak
Tagalog and English fluently at home, Dionisio said in her culture Family is valuable, and "That's what my elders teach us at every generation." Says
Dionisio. She and her family aren't religious; Dionisio does go to church on Sundays with her family. Birthdays, Holidays, or any occasion, family
always get to together everyone has to attend. She is from a huge family, she follows every Filipino tradition.
Monthisa Jamara Alton: Born in Sacramento, CA Alton is African American was raised in a Seventh
–day Adventist Church was raised in a African
American population, her educational experience was different though was different though the same under current of segregation was present Alton
interacted and managed a more multicultural environment. She attended

My Intercultural Communication Skills Of Multicultural...
There can be many things that we like or dislike about our childhood. Some of the things or even people can still give us negative feelings after so
many years. On the other hand, for some of us, there are aspects of childhood that can truly be considered as a gift. In my case, that gift was the
environment where I grew up. Needless to say that living as an Armenian immigrant in Russia with a European education was very rough at times.
However, the inborn education and skills of multicultural communications were priceless for me. Due to my diverse background, I was able to build a
very important ability, which is the intercultural communication competence. This capacity helps one to correctly interact with people of different
groups, races, sexual orientation, ethnicities, religions, and so on. In my case, my intercultural communication competence was largely affected and
evolved by the four specific aspects that are the detection of stereotypes and their legitimacy, the high–school and college education in diverse society,
the acknowledgement and integration of cultural differences, and the development of cultural sensitivity. Since I was a kid, stereotypes were always a
major issue in my environment. Besides of having multiple stereotypes about my race, many people tried to convince me to believe in some of them.
After years of living through this, I started to evaluate and reject stereotypes that I heard almost everyday. My stereotype–elimination process contains
two

Nonverbal Communication Essay
"The most important thing in communication is hearing what is not said"
This quote is is one of many famous and intriguing sayings of Peter Drucker who is known as the Father of Management. He showed his appreciation
for the importance of understanding communication without any words or also known as nonverbal communication. In fact, nonverbal communication
is a characteristic and indispensable element in any culture and not stopping there, nonverbal communication also demonstrates its influence on
intercultural communication.
First and foremost, nonverbal communication is a process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. The differences
between nonverbal and verbal communication is that we use our voice in verbal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First and foremost, you should learn as much as you can about the new cultures that you will be exposed to. The principle is simple – the more effort
you make, the richer the reward will be. Your pre–preparation by learning from divergent sources like friends, the Internet can be helpful to avoid
culture shocks and help you communicate with others more easily as well as not stumble into cultural barriers. Secondly, you should be open–minded
and use cultural differences themselves as a interesting topic in a intercultural communication. By which i mean, you should not hesitate to ask if you
feel confused about any characteristics of a new culture. Most people will feel confortable to share with others about the customs of their own culture.
By exchanging the knowledge about each other's culture, not only do you gain a lot of knowledge about it but your communication will also become
more intimate and intriguing. Third, you should show your respect to values of other cultures. Do not impose your own cultural values or judge views
and behaviors that differ from yours as wrong. For instance, in the aforementioned situation, the foreign guy should not have assumed subjectively that
everyone in Vietnamese culture would prefer American's

Movie Analysis : Crash By Paul Haggis Essay
The movie I chose to discuss for this paper is Crash by Paul Haggis. Once given the list of movies to watch my girlfriend suggested we match this
movie because you see a lot of racism in it. Being in a rough time in the world right now social issues come close to me so I must watch it. In the
movie there are a lot of scenes that connect to social issues that plague this world currently and many things I learned in class. I will attempt to bring
each scene to a connection to social issue or things taught in class. In this paper I will talk about the use of interpersonal, intercultural concepts, racism
/stereotyping and Knapps conflict strategies.
The main characters in this movie all connect with each other and they don't even know it .In "Crash" taking place in Los Angeles, there are 10
Important characters that all end up connected to each other through interpersonal communication. You have two white LAPD officers John and
Hansen, the African–American couple Cameron and Christine, two car jackers Peter and Anthony, Farhad a store owner and finally Daniel. Through
ways connecting through racism and concepts taught in communication. With the movie Crash people can piece together the events and feelings of the
characters through their own experiences with interpersonal communication. According to Mark L. Knapp interpersonal concepts is communication
occurring between parties who are interdependent of each person's behavior. It has to deal with the type of relationship which

Personal Philosophy Of Leadership And Generational Lines
PERSONAL APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP 2
Personal Approach to Leadership across Cultural and Generational Lines The world seems to be getting smaller, and a harmonized place of work
seems to be something of the yesteryears. Instead, current leaders are required to deal with a diversity of employees across generational in addition to
cultural lines, respectively with their personal values, work ethic, as well as desires. The situation can be a difficult profession to keep every person in
high spirits and productive. Therefore, styles and approaches that function satisfactory with some individuals may be entirely unsuccessful with others.
Nevertheless, a leader should not alter their entire leadership approach every time they have an interaction with someone from a diverse generation or
cultural environment. It would be my suggestion to have one sound approach that would work for most of everyone. In spite of age or cultural
circumstances, each member of a team for sure has one something in common: they work for a salary and they have to be productive in order to
continue to receive a salary. Therefore, individuals should learn how to balance this and other mutual grounds into a place of work environment that
not just accepts diversity, nevertheless embraces it. Stop allowing alleged divisions hurt team's efficiency and learn the competences needed to
successfully guide a diverse team.

Intercultural Communication At The Health Of Indigenous...
Australia is becoming increasingly culturally diverse. With this the need for the ability to successfully communicate proficiently with other cultures is
paramount. Intercultural communication is becoming increasingly important in the healthcare industry as many workers must learn how to
communicate effectively with people from other cultures. For many businesses, effective intercultural communication stands to bring them increased
business and profits; however, in the health care industry, effective intercultural communication carries greater importance as it affects patients'
physical and mental well–being (Ulrey et al. 2001, p. 449). Each culture does this through its own verbal and nonverbal behaviors and has its own way
of expressing and interpreting messages. It is easy to see how problems can result when individuals of different cultures come into contact with each
other (Ulrey et al. 2001, p. 449). There is clear evidence of there being an issue with intercultural communications in healthcare when looking at the
health of Indigenous Australians.
Diagram showing the process of successful intercultural communications in healthcare
Intercultural communications with indigenous Australians needs to be improved significantly as in the area of healthcare many Aboriginal people do
not have a strong understanding of how to best look after themselves and their children (2011). While we live in a first–world nation, some Aboriginal
people struggle with third–world

The Anxiety / Uncertainty Management Theory Of Effective...
The Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory of Effective Communication is to explain how managing uncertainty and anxiety help achieve effective
communication with "strangers". The theory argues that most of our communication involves both interpersonal and intergroup processes, but
communication with outgroup members has more intergroup than interpersonal factors, which causes higher uncertainty and anxiety. Managing
uncertainty and anxiety is a main contribution to effective communication (e.g., measured by mutual understanding) given that they mediate other
superficial factors that influence effective communication. Effective communication requires that both uncertainty and anxiety be between our
minimum and maximum thresholds, and we should have mindfulness which involves creating new categories, being open to new information and
aware of different perspectives. Uncertainty is our cognitive phenomenon which prevents us from predicting strangers' attitudes, behaviors and
thoughts. Where our uncertainty is above maximum, we do not have confidence in predicting strangers' behaviors. Where our uncertainty is below
minimum, we do not pay attention to cues to potential misunderstanding. Anxiety is an affective phenomenon which prevents effective communication
with strangers. Where our anxiety is above maximum, we do not feel comfortable and process information based on our negative stereotypes in
intergroup interactions. Where our anxiety is below minimum, we do not have any

Discuss The 11 Common Areas Of Intercultural Misunderstanding
Case Study Analysis: Discuss the 11 Common Areas of Intercultural Misunderstanding
Mirlande Jean–Pierre
Davenport University
MGMT 535 – Spring 1 2015
Dr. Beverly Pierce
June 20, 2015) Abstract
Nowadays, many companies have prompted business establishments to expand its network across cultures so that they can keep up being culturally
competence in the internal business world (Vennapoosa, C., 2012, July). The importance of cross–cultural competence skill is becoming progressively
important for many worldwide companies. In order to competitively succeed in the global marketplace, managers and professionals need to possess
cross–cultural sensitivity awareness around the world in which they plan to conduct business ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She wanted to find half a dozen enthusiastic Japanese representatives to market a line of pharmaceuticals in Japan. After completing ten interviews,
Margaret was dumfounded. Not one applicant spoke up in a direct, forceful manner, in spite of his or her stellar academic record and
recommendations. Not one met her eye–to–eye for very long. None seemed confortable speaking openly and frankly about accomplishments and
aspirations.
Margaret reported her discouraging interview results to the Vice President of Asian Market for the drug company– only to endure the most
embarrassing lecture of her life. To speak up, she learned from the Vice president, can be taken as impertinence, especially if one emphasizes personal
accomplishments. To meet the eyes in the business situations is, in many Asian cultures, an indication of disrespect or even hostility" (Bell, A.H. &
Smith, D.M., 2010). In this scenario, Margaret Owens could have prevented this uncomfortable moment with her Vice President, if only she was
culturally sensitive and knowledgeable about the Asian culture. Also, she could have got the right team for her drug company.
Recapping and analyzing the relevant facts Margaret Owens was looking for enthusiastic Japanese representatives for a drug company in Japan. After
conducting about ten interviews, she felt like not one of these interviewees was

Intercultural Communication Shares Information Across...
The term intercultural communication refers to a type of communication that is aiming at sharing information across diverse social groups and
cultures. In general, intercultural communication describes wide range of communication processes that are naturally occurring in organizations
which are made up of individuals who are from different backgrounds. Today's world has been characterized by increased communication between
different people around the world resulting to establishment of contracts across people from different locations. The term power distance as defined
by (De Vito, 2006) is the extent which ordinary people in organizations accept that power in the institution is unequally distributed. Many cultures
which have a low power distance do accept power relations which are more democratic in nature. In such organizations, people who hold inferior
positions feel free to question their superiors and challenge them when it comes to decision making or policy suggestion. A good example of a country
with low power distance is the United States and a country with high power distance is Saudi Arabia (De Vito, 2006). High power distance in a country
not only affects the relationship between the government and its citizens but also affects employer–employee relationship (De Vito, 2006). Power
distance is mainly concerned with the attitudes of people and the respect they have to their authorities. Having respect to your authorities and bearing in
mind the right attitude is

Intercultural Interpersonal Communication And...
The second chapter includes several interesting concepts, one of which being the differences between intercultural and interpersonal communication.
Intercultural communication is defined as "the process that occurs when members of two or more cultures or co–cultures exchange messages in a
manner that is influenced by their different cultural perceptions and symbol systems, both verbal and nonverbal" (Adler et al., 2015, pg. 40). While
most interactions seem to have some sense of intercultural aspect due to the great diversity not only in race but in backgrounds today, not all
interactions have this effect. Intercultural interactions only occur when there is a difference between the two people in contact that is noticeable and
creates a different dynamic in the interaction. The book uses the term "salience" in order "to describe how much weight we attach to a particular person
or phenomenon" (Adler et al., 2015, pg. 41). The book gives several examples, such as different ethnicities on the same basketball team striving toward
a common goal don't place much emphasis in their cultural discrepancies, just as young children from different countries playing together don't
experience intercultural communication until they reach an age when they can understand what makes them different from each other. (Adler et al.,
2015, pg. 41) In my own life, and can look back and see how I have played football with guys from a very different culture, and found it easy to spend
time around them

Intercultural Communication As A Form Of Communication...
Intercultural communication can be defined as a form of communication between individuals or groups of different languages and cultural origins
(Lanqua 2015). This review will summarize Scollon, R, Scollon, S; & Jones, R.H. (2011) and briefly detail two other readings, one by Blommaert, J
(2013) and another by Vertovec, S. (2010). The first reading, details multiple waysculture can be defined and how others can interpret communication.
The second reading outlines the challenges, which is presented by "Superdiversity" with an understanding of citizenship. Lastly the final reading
summarizes and outlines the changing contexts surrounding multiculturalism and discusses that we may be shifting into a post multiculturalism world.
Whilst constructing this review multiple factors had to be considered, which were:
Identifying the main points within the article.
Identify the arguments authors are putting forward if there are any.
How are the authors defining Intercultural Communications?
What valid points are being made?
Are there any ideas being shown and if there is what are they
And lastly if there are any similarities between each of the readings.
The factors stated above were used to construct the following review of the three readings; these factors will be detailed within the main article and
briefly analyzed within the other two.
Intercultural Communication: A discoursed approach by Scollon, R, Scollon, S; & Jones, R.H. (2011) identifies various

What Are The Differences Between Formality And Informality
Communication rule is governed through social settings, for appropriate responses to communication stimuli. An example in the United States would
be a student in class raising his/her hand to ask a teacher a question. In the classroom setting, it's rude to just blurt out a question without being called
upon. 2.What are the differences between rules and norms? Rules are expected or intended behaviors and their outcomes with mutual expectations.
There are no moral or ethical connotations. Whereas norms are socially shared guidelines for expected and accepted behaviors. 3.How do cultures
differ in formality and informality – give examples. Cultures can have views regarding events and people that range from extremely informal to very
formal. In the U.S. people tend to treat others with informality and directness. They avoid the use of formal codes of conduct, titles, honorifics, and
ritualistic manners in their interactions with others. On the other hand, there are many cultures that place a high value on formality. In Egypt, Turkey,
Japan, for instance, the student–teacher relationship is very formal. In these countries when the teacher enters the room, students will assume a
subordinate attitude and in some cases may even stand and bow. Many Americans will call others by their first name, but in other countries such as
Germany, calling others by their first name makes them uncomfortable. 4.Give four examples of different practices in the business setting that reflect

Intercultural Communication : Communication And Communication
Jasmin Starr–Mullins
COM 440 W
Final Term Paper
Intercultural Communication
The terms "Culture","Globalization", and "Communication" are terms that we might hear quite often, but what is Intercultural communication?
According to the dictionary, Intercultural Communication is often described as the interaction and exchange of communication between people of
different cultures. Intercultural Communication dates back to the first interaction of mankind. Edward T. Hall, an American anthropologist was the
first to coin the term "Intercultural Communication"and is considered to be the father of Intercultural Communication as well as the developer of
proxemics. The study of intercultural Communication coincides with the book "The Silent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being multiracial, I grew up quite confused and found it hard to adapt to everyone else around me due to the fact that I was going back and fourth
between my parents households which were both very culturally different from one another. I feel that is there was more of an understanding of one
another 's culture, as well as communication, the relationship between my parents could have been a lot better and they could have made it easier for
me to adapt to the cultural differences that I encountered on a daily basis.
Because communication between two people of different cultures is very challenging, there has been extensive research/studies conducted on this
topic. This idea was also very interesting to me because I attended a highly diverse high school, in which we had a Global Studies program where
international students were invited to come and learn at our school. The immersion of the different cultures was very difficult to adapt to at first
because it was new to a lot of us students who have never attended a school where international students were amongst us in the halls, but as the days
went on it became normal to me. Annotated Bibliography communication Between Cultures." Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2017
This text is a good reference point. This text is used to understanding communication within culture. This source also gave a better understanding

Personal Worldview And Its Impact On Intercultural...
Testing may reveal how Personal Worldview and Its Affects have on Intercultural Communication. Through testing a visual diagram may reveal various
individual's perspective by aligning an overview with others worldwide perspectives into particular groups. Therefore, by distinctively categorizing a
person's test results to provide a scope, data, and a percentage of a complete diagram and photograph from a worldview perspective based on automatic
preference. Meanwhile, these responses may range from a strong, moderate, slim, and diminutive preference. Establishing validity that ethnocentrism
may interfere with another person's worldview towards other cultures, and how it may impact intercultural communication from a worldview
perspective. Most of the time, individuals may not have awareness of their unconscious thoughts or behaviors, and how their own conscious worldview
spectrum has an affiliation with their beliefs possibly modifying how the world choose to communicate. In addition, a person's individual worldview
may play a role in the implicit preference test results, understanding permitting ethnocentrism to plays a role in beliefs to affect a person's outlook, and
realizing there may not be a difference between stereotypes and being prejudiced based on beliefs. Meanwhile, as an attending student at Grand Canyon
University, studying course COM–315 the class had to take the (IAT) test based on testing hidden unconscious biases in individuals. In 2 preferred
different

Advantages Of Oral Communication
Professional Communication 171
Assessment 3
Create A Website
By
How Kit Chow
P447367
Contents
Introduction3
Oral Communication4
Conflict Management6
Intercultural Communication8
Team Communication9
Communicating In Meetings10
References11
Introduction
The created website is at the URL https://p447367.wixsite.com/hbu125/. Oral Communication
Oral communication is the process in which information or messages are exchanged among individuals or groups using voice as the medium. It is one
of the most common and frequently used forms of communication because it can be used in many daily situations and activities. Oral communication
can be either formal or informal. Examples of informal oral communication include ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is also not a form of communication that can be used as a form of documentary evidence. In some situations, even strong verbal skills can not
substitute for putting things in writing. For example, important information that needs to be documented using writing and some type of written record

is required in the business world.
Effective oral communication follows some basic principles in order to make sure that the message is conveyed across properly. It is important to
ensure that the words are pronounced clearly and are delivered in the correct pace, pitch and tone. It is recommended to ensure the message contains
clear, brief and accurate information, but not complicated sentences and jargons. Information and idea in the message should be organized in a
sequential and attractive way so that the audience can understand the message easily. It is also important to establish an eye contact and to modulate
body language based on the message. For example, a strict order can be conveyed better when communicated with a formal and stern body language
as opposed to a casual and friendly one.
Conflict Management
Conflict management is the practice of being able to identify and handle conflicts sensibly, fairly, reasonably and efficiently. It is important that there
are people who understand conflicts and know how to resolve them because conflicts happen naturally in any business and workplace. Conflict

Essay on Intercultural Communication
Today, we live in a culturally diverse society due to globalization. As our world grows, expands and become increasingly more interconnected, the need
for effective interpersonal communication among differing cultures has become apparent. When people from different cultures interact with one
another there is intercultural communication because different cultures create different interpretation and expectations about what is seen as competent
behaviors that will enable the construction of shared meanings.
There are numerous definitions of culture but I will use the definition of the interpretive approach and Clifford Geertz's, which defines culture as a
meaning system which members use to interpret the world around them. Culture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, many of the group–based stereotypes are incorrect and generalizing and it promotes further misunderstandings and prejudice. Prejudice is
having a false attitude toward an out–group in comparison to one's in–group. Prejudiced individuals are prejudging without knowing any information
about the "Others" (Rogers and Steinfatt).
According to Allport, the process of categorization is the basis to develop prejudice and stereotypes. People think in categories and the mind forms
groups and classes to guide our daily actions. Dahl also verifies that the predictions we make about "Others" is based on stereotypes and that this is
necessary and it is a process that we cannot avoid. If categorization is a natural cognitive process and all categorization leads to generalization, then
stereotype is also a natural cognitive process. Categories are necessary to give meaning to our reality and to create structure, however they are
flexible and they change. On the other hand stereotypes seem to give us a feeling of order and security but they are inflexible and try to reinforce one
particular image over others. Stereotypes still persist even when we know better because they help to create a positive self–image and they are to a
large degree attached to ideologies (Christoffanini). Furthermore, we represent Others by using language or images, which allow us to portray Others
in ways

Example Of Intercultural Communication
Introduction
Rochester, New York. Where Wegmans isn't just a store, it's a way of life. Where the residents eat plates of garbage. Where you can get frostbite and
sunburn in the same week and "snow days" are an urban legend. Where most people leave and, like a boomerang, come right back because there's no
place we'd rather call home than Ra Cha Cha. Throughout my life, I have travelled to other countries, experienced different cultures and communicated
with the individuals within those cultures. I have also moved within the United States, from New York to Utah, and become so immersed in another
culture that I could see past the obvious differences from where I grew up and see the differences of everyday life as well. Since moving to Salt Lake
City, I've become hyperaware of the rituals that have shaped my identity as a Rochestarian in a way that simply spending a few weeks in another
country never has. The stark cultural differences between New York and Utah have shaped how I've interacted with people here, in both positive and
negatives ways. The concepts in James W. Neuliep's book "Intercultural Communication: A Contextual Approach", Raymond William's piece "Culture
is Ordinary", and the piece by Judith N Martin, Thomas K Nakayama, and Lisa A. Flores, "A Dialectical Approach to Intercultural Communications"
can help explain and understand the intercultural interactions I've had and the challenges associated with them since moving to Utah, as well as
interactions I've had

Analysis Report: Communicative Competence
Analysis Report: Communicative Competence
1. The universal characteristics and limitations of language
There are many limitations in communication and language especially in the written language. The background of the communication, for example
when the conversation between Grace and Sarah many such features like implicature, linguistic code and the language level can be assessed. Before
that can be done it is important that the fact that nonverbal communications may influence and understanding of the conversation may largely depend
on the understanding of the nonverbal communications. There are nonverbal communications that take place and are often neglected in the study of
linguistics.
According to Portch (1985) the body communicates constantly both verbally and nonverbally. Though the nonverbalcommunication in this context
cannot be observed, some common elements that could have implications in the conversation given for analysis can be seen by analyzing the
non–verbal cues. Thus in analyzing the conversation the following points seem to be valid: taking that the conversation begins with the reference to a
man, who would be cross with both of them: that being implied by the use of the term of his being cross with them. There can be many implications
here. Someone was waiting for the women, and they were late. That must be what would be implied if the sentence was interpreted in isolation. But
when the reply is given the conclusion is that they have tickets of the

Analysis Of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 's Ted Talk, The...
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's inspiring TED talk, The Danger of a Single Story, proves how stories influence the way we perceive the world. She
describes the 'single story ' as a narrative that surrounds only one perspective. The objective of her speech is to inform her audience that assuming
something is true based on a single piece of information gives us incomplete and incorrect perceptions. Society is an accumulation of social stories, it
is never just one thing. There are multiple, contingent and overlapping ways to experience and articulate cultural identity (Delgado, 2009). When we
view a person or place from only one perspective, we assume one aspect of a story as the entire truth. "Show a people as one thing, as only one thing,
over... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Context is neither static nor objective, and it can be multilayered (115). There are many examples presented in Adichie's speech on how the social,
political, and historical structures of context affected her intercultural interactions. Every cultures reputation relies on history. The view of Africa is
shaped by historic Western narratives and by the important people who have told these stories. For instance, she mentions how Jon Lok's old writings
embody the start of Africa's negative reputation in the West. In Lok's writings, he describes black Africans as "beasts who have no houses {...} people
without heads, having their mouth and eyes in their breasts." (07:04). The historical context shaped the way Adichie's interactions with her American
roommate and professor occurred. Due to historic stories such as these, her roommate believed African's could not be like her in any way and
assumed there was no possible connection as human equals (4:49). Similarly, she once had a professor tell her that her novel was not authentically
African because her characters were "too much like him, an educated and middle–class man." Her characters drove cars and they were not starving.
Therefore, "they were not authentically African" (7:32). We must also consider the political context. The political context in which communication
occurs includes those forces that attempt to change or retain existing social structures and relations (116). For example, to

Essay about American Exceptionalism and Cross-Cultural...
The study of American exceptionalism and cross–cultural communications has the ability to improve U.S. military effectiveness in USPACOM.
Understanding these two cultural principles will improve effectiveness in three ways. First, it allows USPACOM personnel to understand their biases.
Second, it gives USPACOM personnel a perspective on how nations in their area of responsibility may potentially view their actions. Finally,
cross–cultural communications provides tools for USPACOM personnel to overcome their biases and skepticism from potential partners or adversaries,
setting the stage for more effective military engagements.
The importance of understanding these two cultural elements will magnify in the future due to the pending shift ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
national interest." Both the National Security Strategy and USPACOM strategy place strong emphasis on communicating with nations in the region
and building partnerships. A sound understanding of the cultural environment is critical in achieving these strategic objectives.
Incorporating cultural understanding into the planning process gives military leaders an edge in planning effective engagements that will eventually
result in better communication with both adversaries and allies and stronger partnerships across the region. To achieve cultural understanding
USPACOM personnel must first exam the concept of American exceptionalism. American exceptionalism has several meanings, which led Ceaser to
describe it as not a concept but a family of concepts. However, Ceaser does identify the common denominator of these various definitions as a claim to
uniqueness. This uniqueness refers to the idea that there is either something different about America or something special about America. America is
different is the notion that compared to other advance societies the United States is different in key social areas like religion, politics, criminal justice,
birth rates, belief in personal freedom, etc. Research conducted by social scientist indicates the United States is an outlier in these areas supporting the
idea that America is literally different from other nations. The idea that America is different is a concept embraced by social

Diversity Within The Workplace And How Communication Is...
Diversity in the workplace and how communication is the driving force behind it. Workplace diversity can be described as "all the differences in age,
gender, sexual orientation, education, cultural background, religion, and life experience" (Okora & Washington, 2012, as cited in Mulkeen, 2008).
Another functional definition of diversity is being cultural, racial, or sex–based. An organization's definition and viewpoint concerning diversity guides
the strength of its employees to connect and communicate adequately and profit from the betterment of diversity (Lambert, 2016).
Many arguments were covered throughout the literature; however, this review will center on three primary themes: increase of globalization in the
United States, the relationship between workplace diversity and communication, cited last are the barriers to intercultural communication in a diverse
workplace. The literature presents these themes in a variety of ways; however, the highlight of this analytical review is the employment of
communication, and its relation to workplace diversity and an organizations success. This review will not focus on any one aspect of diversity, i.e.
race or any particular race, but rather diversity as a whole; articles that were limited to one aspect of diversity were excluded from this review.
The implementation of reinforced interpersonal communication skills is the leading influence of workplace diversity; it is for that reason this topic is
worthy of exploration through

Clyne's Revision of Grice's Maxims Essay
Grice's Maxims have been criticised for being too Anglo–centric. Michael Clyne proposes revisions to the four maxims in his 1994 book Intercultural
Communication at Work. Do Clyne's revisions of this model go far enough in universally accounting for intercultural conversation? Why or why not?
Grice's General Cooperative Principle has been under continuous debate for the past three decades. It is mainly through the maxims that Grice's
paradigm has been challenged as highly ethnocentric, however such readings may tend to take the maxims too literally rather than as "reference
points for language interchange" (Allan as cited in Clyne, 1994, p. 11). There is some agreement in this, but as suggested by Mey (1994, p. 74), the
principle and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In such cases, there is a clash between Grice's maxims and the pragmatic rules of conversation, which are culturally sensitive. For example, when being
offered a drink, a typical Chinese person would automatically say no the first time, while expecting the offer to be made at least two or three times
more. This resembles a kind of phatic language communication; saying no, but not really meaning no. In this sort of situation, if someone doesn't
adhere to the cultural norm – choosing to follow Grice's maxims instead, then they would sound odd and out of place. The above example
demonstrates that Grice's maxims aren't relevant in all contexts as they clash with certain cultural values systems. Many linguists (Clyne, 1994;
Hymes, 1986; Loveday, 1983; Walsh, 2009) have picked up on this discrepancy between theory and data, claiming that the maxims are only relevant
to the English speaking Western world. In particular, Clyne (1994) has pointed out that they have limited relevance to cultures where content and
knowledge are core values. For example, speakers of Malagasy, "whose form of co–operation seems to consist in making their contributions as opaque,
convoluted and non–perspicuous as possible" (Keenan as cited in Mey, 1994, p. 74) could be seen as flouting the Maxim of Quantity. This is because
information, especially 'new' information gives the holder a certain amount of prestige, thus Malagasy people tend to

The Probability Of Having Effective Cultural Interaction
the probability of having effective cultural interaction and communication in a majority Muslim country and the Muslim community.
This understanding of the cognitive and behavioral strategies that are most likely to result in effective intercultural communication thus helps to
understand and/or accept the similarities and differences in the background, experience, culture and perspectives of individuals from a culture different
that mine. This is the fourth most important dimension as it is seemingly impossible to obtain without the other three dimensions, but still important
nonetheless. It is important because as the world is becoming more global with the help of technology, travel and education the success of these
encounters will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This affected the country as whole especially politically.
This is why it is so important to have this skill as not having can have serious, negative ramifications on society as a whole. Another example of what
could happen if people do not understand or accept similarities and differences of people from other cultures, is that they can dehumanize and
seriously mistreat people of that culture. For instance, this is done in most wars. Due to the fact that that some people lack the ability to understand
and accept the similarities of people who are different from themselves they begin to label them or 'otherize' them. Like in WWII we labeled the
Japanese as rats because when you label them and don't think of them as human beings it is easier to commit atrocities to them and their people. A
more modern example would be today where we tend to 'otherize' Muslims.
This leads to fear which will undoubtedly manifest itself in the form stereotypes. "What makes a stereotype a stereotype is that the belief in question is
applied broadly to a group of people and is often assumed of group members based solely on their group membership (Simon, 2011). Stereotypes often
lead to negative and harsh feelings towards people different from ourselves.
The authors of our textbook touch on this as they state, "Whereas prejudice refers to people's attitudes or mental representations, the term
discrimination refers to the behavioral manifestations of that prejudice. Thus

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