The document discusses teaching grammar to advanced English language learners. It provides a list of grammar structures and meanings that advanced students should learn, including the present perfect continuous, modals, the third conditional, phrasal verbs, the past perfect continuous, and adverbial clauses. It also discusses principles for teaching grammar to this level, such as identifying relationships between grammar and discourse, exploring differences between spoken and written English, and using authentic language data.

1. Grammar for advanced learners By Julio Vangel Pérez

5. Advanced syllabus Grammar Structure/form Meaning Function Sample Present Perfect Continuous has/have + been +verb+ing. Present Perfect Continuous is used for Actions that started in the past and continue in the present, as well for actions that have recently stopped. Retelling past actions, emphasizing time. He has been painting the house for 5 hours. Look at her eyes! I'm sure she has been crying. Modals Must/Have to/Should These type of modals demonstrate necessity, obligation and even prohibition Express Obligation. Show Necessity Mike has to make up the assignments he missed. I must call my parents tonight. I should renew my driver’s license. Third Conditional (If+past perfect,) [would have+past participle] Use the third conditional to talk about an Impossible past situation that did not happen. Hypothesizing. If I had bought a lottery ticket, I would have won it. If it had rained yesterday, what would you have done? Phrasal Verbs Made up Calm down Check out A phrasal verb is a verb plus a preposition or adverb which creates a meaning different from the original verb. Provide Detail. I made up that story. Calm down your making me nervous! Check out on line 4 please.

6. Advanced syllabus Grammar Structure/form Meaning Function Sample Past Perfect Continuous Had+been+verb+ing * The past Perfect is the same for all persons. The past perfect continuous tense is like the past perfect tense, but it expresses longer actions in the past before another action in the past. Relating past events to other past events. John was very tired. He had been running. I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been smoking. Adverbial Clauses When, Before, After, Until, etc. An adverbial clause is a clause that has an adverb-like function in modifying another clause. Providing additional/qualifying information. I was driving when I had an accident on the highway. After you finish running, take a short break.

7. From start to finish Grammar Items Examples Articles Nouns and Compounds The tiny kitchen of our friendly neighbors. Organizing Information There is-was/There are-were. Tenses: I do, I am doing, I have done, I have been doing. I did, I was doing, I had done, I had been doing. Tenses: I will do, I’m going to do, I will be doing, I will have been doing. Linking Verbs Be, get, seems, become. Quantifiers: Relative Clauses My brother, who is only six, can speak 4 languages. I don’t like the table that stands on the kitchen. Modals Adverbs and Conjunctions Prepositions Up, down ,next to, in between, along from, thought, during, except. Passives: It was done, it has been done, it had been done, It will be done.

8. From start to finish Grammar Items Examples Articles An Important Meeting, A useful career, The Faculty of Languages. Nouns and Compounds The tiny kitchen of our friendly neighbors. Organizing Information There is-was/There are-were. Tenses: Present Simple, Continuous, Present perfect and continuous. Past Simple, Continuous, Past perfect and continuous. I do, I am doing, I have done, I have been doing. I did, I was doing, I had done, I had been doing. Tenses: Future-will, going to, future continuous, future perfect continuous. I will do, I’m going to do, I will be doing, I will have been doing. Linking Verbs Be, get, seems, become. Quantifiers: Some, any, much, many. Some people are missing , I don’t have any food left. She has many friends. I didn’t have much money left Relative Clauses My brother, who is only six, can speak 4 languages. I don’t like the table that stands on the kitchen. Modals Should vs ought to, will and would, may and might, can, could, be able to, must, have to. Adverbs and Conjunctions Yesterday, slowly, here, there, but, although, in spite of. Prepositions Up, down ,next to, in between, along from, thought, during, except. Passives: Past, Perfect and future It was done, it has been done, it had been done, It will be done.

11. Assessing Advanced learners Skehan, 1998, A cognitive approach to Language Teaching. Level Grammatical Accuracy Fluency Beginning Can use simple structures correctly, but still systematically makes some mistakes. Can keep going comprehensibly, even though pausing for grammatical and lexical planning repair is very evident, especially in longer stretches of free production. Intermediate Does not make mistakes that lead to misunderstanding; errors occur, but it is clear what he/she is trying to express Can produce stretches of language with a fairly even tempo, although he/she can be hesitant as he or she searches for patterns and expressions. There are few noticeable long pauses. Advanced Good grammatical control; occasional slips or non-systematic errors and minor flaws in sentence structure may still occur, but they are rare and can often be corrected in retrospect. Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously, almost effortlessly, although a conceptually difficult subject can hinder a smooth flow of language.