Grammar Class - XI
Connectives (Cause and Effect, Contrast and Condition)
&
Conditional sentences and Wishes
Bruno Otilio
2
Connectives
Addition of
ideas
Results Purpose Contrast Comparison
• and
• besides
• too
• moreover
• then
• as a resut
• hence
• for this reason
• therefore
• thus
• since
• to this end
• with this in
mind
• for this
reason(s)
• but
• however
• still
• in spite of
• in fact
• on the other hand
• like
• as so
• similarly
Source: Betty S. Azar3
Source: Betty S. Azar4
Source: Betty S. Azar5
Source: Betty S. Azar6
Source: Betty S. Azar7
Source: Betty S. Azar8
Source: Betty S. Azar9
Source: Betty S. Azar10
ZERO
CONDITIONAL
FIRST
CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONALS
SECOND
CONDITIONAL
General truths and general habits
If + present simple, present simple
If you add two and two, you get four.
Possible or likely things in the future
If + present simple, will + infinitive
If it rains later, we'll stay at home.
Impossible things in the present / unlikely things in the future
If + past simple, would + infinitive
If I won the lottery, I would sail round the world.
www.perfect­english­grammar.com
ZERO
ONDITIONAL
FIRST
CONDITIONAL
NDITIONALS
SECOND
CONDITIONAL
THIRD
CONDITIONAL
If + present simple, present simple
If you add two and two, you get four.
Possible or likely things in the future
If + present simple, will + infinitive
If it rains later, we'll stay at home.
Impossible things in the present / unlikely things in the future
If + past simple, would + infinitive
If I won the lottery, I would sail round the world.
hat didn't happen in the past and their imaginary results
 perfect, would + have + past participle
studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
erfect­english­grammar.com
ZERO
CONDITIONAL
FIRST
CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONALS
SECOND
CONDITIONAL
General truths and general habits
If + present simple, present simple
If you add two and two, you get four.
Possible or likely things in the future
If + present simple, will + infinitive
If it rains later, we'll stay at home.
Impossible things in the present / unlikely things in the future
If + past simple, would + infinitive
If I won the lottery, I would sail round the world.
www.perfect­english­grammar.com
Source: Betty S. Azar11
Conditional sentences and WishesZERO
CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONALS
S
CON
General truths a
If + present sim
If you add two a
Possible or likely 
If + present simpl
If it rains later, we
Impossible things in the pre
If + past simple, would + in
If I won the lottery, I would 
Things that didn't happen in the past an
If + past perfect, would + have + past pa
If I had studied harder, I would have pas
www.perfect­english­grammar.com
FIRST
CONDITIONA
CONDITIONALS
SECOND
CONDITIONAL
THIRD
CONDITIONAL
Possible or likely things in the future
If + present simple, will + infinitive
If it rains later, we'll stay at home.
Impossible things in the present / unlikely things in the future
If + past simple, would + infinitive
If I won the lottery, I would sail round the world.
Things that didn't happen in the past and their imaginary results
If + past perfect, would + have + past participle
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
www.perfect­english­grammar.com
Source: Betty S. Azar12
Source: Betty S. Azar13
Source: Betty S. Azar14
Source: Betty S. Azar15
Source: Betty S. Azar16
Source: Betty S. Azar17
SHOULD / HAD / WEREYou can do this only with these verbs:
Neither has nor have
Neither was nor are/is
Source: Betty S. Azar18
Source: Betty S. Azar19
Source: Betty S. Azar20
21
You can do this!
22
“Congratulation on your achievement. We had
just concluded this course and you had the
opportunity to learn topics that cover from the
basic to the advanced English grammar.”
Bruno Otilio
06/14/2016
23
Thank you!

Grammar class XI