GRAMMAR BANK.pdf

1.1 Verb be (l/you)
GR1.1)))
1 I'm Helena.
2 I'm not here on holiday.
3 A Are you here to study? B Yes, I am.
Positive (+)
I
'm
am
Mario.
here on business.
YOU
're
are
Laura.
here to study.
Negative (-)
I
'm
am
not
Lee.
here on holiday.
Mila.
here to study.
YOU
Ye
are
Yes/No questions (?) Short answers
Are you
here to study?
Mario?
Yes, l am.
No, I'm not.
No, l am not.
We use the verb be ...
• to say our name, e.g. I'm Sara.
• with here, e.g. I'm here on holiday. I'm not here to study.
Contractions
(+) / am = I'm (-) / am not = I'm not
you are = you're you are not = you're not/you aren't
But: Yes, l am. NOT Yes, I'm.
We use a capital letter for /.
Hi I'm Jean. NOT Hi, i'm Joan.
1 R ew rite th e s e n te n c e s w ith c o n tra c tio n s.
1 I a m D e m ir . I ’m D em in ___________
2 I a m h e re o n h o lid ay ________________________
3 You a re h e re to stu d y . ________________________
4 You a re n o t h e re o n h o lid ay . ________________________
2 R ew rite th e s e n te n c e s to m a k e th e m n eg ativ e.
1 I’m S e u n g h e e . I ’m not 5 eu n jh .ee._______
2 I'm h e re o n b u s in e s s . ____________________________
3 Y ou’re h e re o n h o lid ay . ____________________________
4 Y ou're S au d . ____________________________
3 P u t th e w o rd s in th e c o rre c t o rd e r to m a k e s e n te n c e s a n d
q u e stio n s.
1 A h m e d / I’m / H i,. Hi. I'm Ahmed,________
2 y o u / A re / S e rin a ? ____________________________
3 o n / h e re / I'm / h o lid a y . ____________________________
4 y o u / to / A re / h e re / stu d y ? ____________________________
5 I / Yes, / a m . ____________________________
4 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n w ith am o r are. U se
c o n tra c tio n s w h e re p o ssib le.
P e te r H i, 1 1 'm P e te r.2____________ y o u K arin a?
K a rin a Yes, I 3____________ . N ice to m e e t you.
4____________ y o u h e re o n b u sin ess?
P e te r N o, 1 5____________ n o t. 16_____________h e re to
s tu d y .7____________ y o u h e re o n b u sin ess?
K a rin a N o, 1 8____________ h e re o n holiday.
P e te r O h, th a t’s n ice.
1 .2 Verb be (we/you)
GR1.2 )))
1 We're from Delhi.
2 We're not from Angola.
3 A Are you from Spain? B Yes, we are.
Positive (+)
We/You
're
are
from Russia,
here to study.
Negative -)
We/You
're
are
not
from Tokyo,
here on business.
Are you from Brazil?
Yes, we are.
No, we aren't.
No, we are not.
116
Grammar reference
I'm here on holiday.
You're here to study.
You aren't here on holiday.
I'm not here on business.
You aren't here on holiday.
You aren't Saud.
Are you Serina?
I'm here on holiday.
Are you here to study?
Yes, I am.
Are
am
Are
'm 'm
Are
'm

GRAMMAR REFERENCE
• W e use th e v e rb to be to ta lk a b o u t w h e re w e a re fro m .
I'm from Madrid. We're from Dubai.
Contractions
(+) we are = we're
you are = y o u 're
(-) we are not = we’re not/we aren't
you are not = you're not/you aren't
But: Yes, we are. NOT Ye s r w e ite r
1 C o m p le te th e se n te n c e s a n d q u e stio n s. U se c o n tra c tio n s
w h e re p o ssib le.
2 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n s.
1 S p a in /V a le n c ia
A A re youfrom Spain_________________________________ ?
B Yes, I am .
A Where in Spain______________________________________ ?
B Valencia______________________________________________.
2 In d o n e s ia /B a n d u n g
A _____________________________________________________________ ?
B ________________________________________________________ .
A ________________________________________________________ ?
B ________________________________________________________ .
3 A u s tra lia /B ris b a n e
A ________________________________________________________ ?
B ________________________________________________________ .
A ________________________________________________________ ?
B ________________________________________________________ .
1.3 Question words
G R 1 .3 )))
1 A What's y o u r p h o n e n u m b e r? B It'S 02 0 7946 0443.
2 A where a re yo u fro m ? b B angalore.
3 A How d o y o u sp e ll y o u r nam e? B E-M -E-L.
• W e use d iffe re n t q u e stio n w o rd s fo r d iffe re n t ty p e s o f in fo rm a tio n .
• what - to ask a b o u t th in g s a nd people, e.g. What's your name?
• Where - to a sk a b o u t a p la ce , e.g. Where are you from?
• How - to a sk a b o u t th e w a y w e d o s o m e th in g , e.g. How do
you spell your name?
• To m ake Wh- q u e s tio n s w ith to be w e use ...
Q u e stio n w o rd + is /a re + s u b je c t?
What is your name? Where are you from?
Contractions
What is = What's What are NOT Wh a tt -e
where is = where's where are NOT w h c re 're
1 M atch q u e s tio n s 1 -6 to a n s w e rs a-f.
1 W h a t’s y o u r n am e?
2 H o w d o y o u sp e ll y o u r la st n a m e?
3 W h e re a re y o u from ?
4 W h e re in A u stra lia?
5 W h a t's y o u r p h o n e n u m b e r?
6 A re y o u h e re to stu d y ?
a A u stra lia,
b 0061 475 524 6692.
c P e rth .
d N o, I’m h e re o n b u sin e ss,
e M a rtin R ost,
f R-O-S-T.
2 C o m p lete th e c o n v e rsa tio n w ith Where, How, What
a n d Are.
A H i, M y n a m e ’s A n d r e .1 What’
s y o u r n a m e?
B I’m M o n ica. N ice to m e e t you.
A N ice to m e e t yo u , to o . 2____________ a re y o u from ?
B I'm fro m S w ed en .
A 3____________ in S w eden?
B U p p sala .
A 4____________ d o y o u sp e ll th a t?
B U -P -P -S -A -L -A .5____________ y o u fro m F ran ce?
A Yes, I a m . I’m fro m P aris.
B O h, n ice. 6____________ y o u h e re to stu d y ?
A Yes, I am .
117
1 B razil ( / ) I ’m from Brazil_____________________________ .
2 R u ssia (X) W e ____________________________________________ .
3 T u rk ey (X)A ____________________________________________ ?
B N o, w e ____________.
4 Ja p a n (X) A ____________________________________________ ?
B N o, I ___________ .
5 C h in a ( / ) A ____________________________________________ ?
B Yes, I ___________ .
6 th e U K ( / ) A ____________________________________________?
B Yes, w e ___________ .

2 .1 this/that/these/those; verb be (it/they)
2 L ook at th e illu s tra tio n s .O rc le )th e c o rre c t o p tio n .
GR2.1a)))
Near Not near
Singular this that
Plural these those
• We use...
1 this and these to talk about people or things near us.
This is a tablet.
2 that and those to talk about people or things that are not
near us.
Those are my friends.
Wh- questions (?)
what
's
is
this
that
in English?
It's a pen.
It is an apple.
are
these
those
They're notepads.
They are bags.
• We use the verb be to ask and answer questions about people
and things.
• We often use this/that to introduce or talk about people.
This is my friend, Robert.
A Who's this/that? B It's my friend, Sonny.
A Who are these/those people? b They're my friends.
NOT Who arc these/those?
We don't use contractions in questions with are.
Who are those people? NOT Who'rc those people?
1 R ew rite th e q u e s tio n s a n d a n sw e rs w ith c o n tra c tio n s
1 A W h a t is th is? Wkat's this?___________________________
B It is a n u m b re lla . It's <
m umbrella.__________________
2 A W h a t a re th e se ? _______________________________________
B T h ey a re n o te p a d s. ___________________________________
3 A W h a t is th a t? __________________________________________
B It is a bag. _____________________________________________
4 A W h a t a re th o se ? _______________________________________
B T h ey a re a p p les. ______________________________________
5 A W h o is th a t? __________________________________________
B It is m y frie n d , B enny. ________________________________
6 A W h e re a re th o s e p e o p le from ? ________________________
B T h ey a re fro m C h ile. __________________________________
7 A W h a tis th is in F -n g lis h ? _______________________________
B It is a key. ______________________________________________
1 A W h a t’s (this)/ that / those in E nglish?
B It's/They're a w allet.
2 A W h o ’s th a t/th ese/ this?
B M y frien d , R ina.
3 A W h e re a re those /th e s e/ that p e o p le from ?
B They're/It's fro m S p ain .
4 A This/ These/That is P a u la fro m C o lo m b ia.
B N ice to m e e t yo u , P au la.
5 A W h a t a re those/ th at/ this?
B They're/It's u m b re lla s.
6 A W h a t is that / those / these?
B It's/They're a tab let.
2 .2 Verb be (he/she/it/they)
GR2.2)))
1 She's a student.
2 They aren't nurses.
3 A Is it from Japan? B No, it isn't.
Positive (+)
He/She
's/is
from Turkey.
It a pen.
They 're/are notepads.
Negative (-)
He/She
isn't/is not
a taxi driver.
it an apple.
They aren't/are not doctors.
is he/she/it
from
Mexico?
Yes,
he/she/it is.
they are.
Are they
taxi
drivers?
NO,
he/she/it isn't,
they aren't.
118
GR2.1b)))

GRAMMAR REFERENCE
• We use the verb be to talk or ask about people's jobs.
He is a teacher Are they taxi drivers?
Contractions
(+) he is = he's (-) she is not = she isn't
they are = they're they are not = they aren't/they’re not
But: Yes, he/she/it is. NOT Yes, he's.
Yes, they are. NOT Yes, they're.
1 P u t th e w o rd s in th e c o rre c t o rd e r to m a k e s e n te n c e s a n d
q u e stio n s.
1 d o c to r / a / n o t / I'm . I'm not a doctor._______________
2 n o t /S h e 's /e n g in e e r / a n . ____________________________
3 Ye / T h ey / n u r s e s . ____________________________________
4 T h ey / a s s is ta n ts / a r e n ’t / sh o p . ______________________
5 A a / Is / la p to p / it / ? _________________________________
B isn ’t / it / N o ,. _______________________________________
6 A A re / te a c h e rs / th e y / ? _____________________________
B a re / Yes, / t h e y . ____________________________________
2 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n w ith is, are a n d they. U se
A T h e se 1 are m y frie n d s G a b riella a n d A d ria n .
B N ice photo! 2____________ 3_____________fro m B razil?
A N o, th e y 4____________ fro m E cu ad o r.
B A r e 5____________ d o cto rs?
A N o, A d ria n 6____________ a te a c h e r in D oha.
B W h e re 7____________D o h a?
A I t 8____________ in Q a ta r. A n d G a b riella 9_____________
a s tu d e n t.
B 10____________ s h e in Q atar?
A N o, s h e 11____________ in L o n d o n .
2 .3 Subject pronouns
GR2.3)))
Subject pronouns
Singular Plural
I we
YOU You
He They
She
it
1 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s a n d q u e s tio n s w ith th e c o rre c t
su b je c t p ro n o u n .
1 I'm a s tu d e n t. _ I'm at u n iv ersity .
2 A A re ____________ J o h a n n ’s te a c h e r? B Yes, I am .
3 A W h e re 's D av id ? B ____________ 's a t h o m e.
4 T h is is m y sister, A is h a .____________ 's a n e n g in e e r.
5 T h is is m y la p to p .____________ 's ex p en siv e.
6 M y n a m e 's S a ra a n d th is is A lex .___________ 're en g in eers.
7 T h e se a re m y frie n d s, M ia a n d J o .____________ Ye h e re
o n h o lid a y w ith m e.
8 A W h e re 's F aro? 13 I t h i n k ____________ 's in S p ain .
2 W rite q u e s tio n s a n d a n sw e rs u s in g th e m ap .
1 y o u
2 h o sp ita l
3 R o n n ie 's B ar
4 A strid
5 P ie te r
6 th e s tu d e n ts
A Where art you?_______________________
B I'm on Richmond Street.____________ .
A Where’
s the hospital?_________________
B _________________________________
A _________________________________________
B _________________________________
A _________________________________________
B _________________________________
A _________________________________________
B _________________________________
A _________________________________________
B _________________________________
119
I'm a waiter We are married.
You're from India. They're students.
She's a doctor. They're in my bag.
He's from London.
It's in my bag.
• We use a subject pronoun, e.g. /, you, etc. in place of a noun
or name.
Johann's from Brazil. He's a teacher
The hospital's on Oxford Street. It's very big.

3.1 have got, has g o t 3 .2 have g o t negatives and questions
GR3.1)))
1 I've got a big house.
2 we've got g o o d jo b s.
3 S h e 's got a dog.
W e use have got an d has g o t...
• to ta lk a b o u t po sse ssion .
I've g ot a big dog. She's got a good job.
• to d e s c rib e places.
It’s got a big hospital.
1 M ak e s e n te n c e s w ith have got/has got. U se c o n tra c tio n s
1 la d e / fo u r c h ild re n Jad es got four children.___________
2 th e y / g o o d n e ig h b o u rs __________________________________
3 sh e / frie n d ly c a t _________________________________________
4 O xford / b ig u n iv e r s ity __________________________________
5 m y fla t / lovely g a rd e n ___________________________________
6 h e / n ic e h o u s e __________________________________________
7 I / g re a t frie n d s ___________________________________________.
8 y o u / in te re stin g jo b _____________________________________
2 C o m p le te th e te x ts w ith have got/has got. U se c o n tra c tio n s
I'm Canadian and my partner Bella is Italian. 11 Veg o t an
interesting job. I'm a hotel manager in Venice. It’s a lovely
city. The hotel is big; it 2__________ fifty rooms. Bella
3__________a job in the hotel, too. we 4___________ tw o
children and three cats.
M y v illa g e is n o t big. I t 5_____________ a sc h o o l a n d a ch e a p
h o te l. W e 6_____________ a sm a ll h o u se an d tw o frie n d ly dogs.
ı 7_____________ tw o n e ig h b o u rs , P e d ro a n d Jana. P e d ro is a
c le v e r m a n a nd he 8_____________ a h a rd jo b . H e's an e n g in e e r
He 9_____________ an e xp e n sive c a r! W e like th e villa g e - w e
10_____________ a lo t o f g o o d frie n d s here.
GR3.2a)))
1 You haven't got a gard e n .
2 He hasn't got n ice n e ig h b o u rs.
3 It hasn't got a u n ive rsity.
Negative (-)
i/Y o u /w e /T h e y
haven't got
(have not got)
a car.
a b ig fla t.
H e /S h e /it
hasn't got
(has not got)
a p e t.
a gard e n .
• To m ake th e n e g a tive fo rm , w e use ...
S u b je c t + haven't got/hasn't got
G R 3.2b)))
1 A Have y o u got a pet? B Yes, l have.
2 A Has sh e got a n e xp e n sive car? B No, sh e hasn't.
Yes/No questions (?)
Have l/y o u /w e /th e y
got
a big house?
a lo v e ly garden?
Has h e /s h e /it
Short answers
(+) Yes,
l/y o u /w e /th e y
h e /s h e /it
have.
has.
(-) No,
l/y o u /w e /th e y
h e /s h e /it
haven't (have not),
hasn't (has not).
• To m ake q u e s tio n s w ith have got/has got, w e use ...
Have/Has + s u b je c t + got?
Short answers with have got
Yes, I have. NOT Yes, l have g o t.
No, she hasn't NOT No, sh e h a s n 't g o t.
1 P u t th e w o rd s in th e c o rre c t o rd er.
1 A s h e /g o t / H a s / a / c a r ? Has she got a car?________
B h a s / Yes, / s h e . Ves. ske has.______________________
2 a n / h a s n ’t / u m b re lla / g o t / S he . _______________________
3 A a / w e / key / H av e / g o t ? ____________________________
B N o, / h a v e n ’t / w e . ____________________________________
4 A th e y / H av e / b a n k / got / a c c o u n ts ? _________________
B th e y / Yes, / h a v e . ____________________________________
5 jo b / You / got / a / h a v e n ’t . _____________________________
6 TV / W e / a / h a v e n ’t / g o t . ______________________________
7 h a v e n 't / 1 /g o t / g o o d / a / c lass / in th is / frie n d .
120
Positive (+)
I
YOU
w e
They
've got (have got)
an e xp e n sive w a lle t,
a lo v e ly fla t,
g re a t n e ig hb o u rs,
a n ice car.
He
She
It
's got (has got)
a g o o d jo b .
a c le v e r dog.
a big ga rd e n .

GRAMMAR REFERENCE
2 M a tc h q u e s tio n s 1-8 to a n sw e rs a -h .
1 H as s h e g o t a b ig h o u se?
2 H a v e w e got n ice h o te l room s?
3 H a v e th e y got a car?
4 H a s it got a g o o d sto ry ?
5 H av e th e y got bicycles?
6 H as h e got tw o c h ild re n ?
7 H a v e y o u g o t m y keys?
8 H a s m y ro o m got a c o m p u te r?
a N o, th e y h a v e n 't,
b N o, h e 's g o t th re e ,
c N o, it's sm all,
d N o, th e y 'v e g o t a car.
e Yes, th e y 're lovely,
f Yes, it's a g re a t b ook,
g Yes, a n d it's g o t a TV, too.
h Yes, th e y 're in m y bag.
3 .3 Possessive determiners and possessive's
Possessive determiners: my, your, etc.
GR3.3af
1 This is my father
2 That's your book.
3 You've got his keys.
4 This is her daughter.
5 The hotel's got nine rooms. Its rooms are big.
6 These are our children.
7 Those people are their friends.
Personal
pronoun
I you he she it we they
Possessive
determiner
my your his her its our their
We use possessive determiners ...
• to talk about family and friends.
This is my mother. That’s his brother, Arthur
• to show that something belongs to somebody.
She's got my bag.
Possessive's
G R 3.3b)|
1 I'm Robert's sister.
2 We're Leonardo's brothers.
3 Alice is Bob and Sally's daughter.
4 Are they your friends' books?
We use is to say that something or someone belongs to a person,
place or thing.
• We often use possessive's with names.
This is Bianca's house. Are you Rafiq’s sister?
• When the name ends in s, we still use's.
Here is Ross's pen.
• When there is more than one person, th e ’s goes after the
last name.
These are Monika and Yung's keys.
Sally is Abby and George's grandmother.
• When the noun is plural, we only add ' after the plural s.
My parents' car is old.
My sister's children. (= I have one sister.)
My sisters' children. ( = I have more than one sister.)
's = is/has/possessive’s
She's my sister. = She is my sister.
He's got five brothers. = He has got five brothers.
Aya's books are in my bag. = The books belong to Aya.
1 R ew rite th e s e n te n c e s w ith p o sse ssiv e d e te rm in e rs . S ta rt
w ith It o r They.
1 I’ve g o t a la p to p . It's my Laptop._______________________
2 W e've g o t tw o c h ild re n . T h ey 're our children..________
3 T h e y 'v e got a ca r. ______________________________________
4 H e ’s g o t a p h o n e . _______________________________________
5 S h e ’s g o t a n u m b re lla . _________________________________
6 Y ou've got a n a p p le. ____________________________________
7 S h e's g o t fo u r siste rs. ___________________________________
8 W e’ve g o t a flat. ________________________________________
9 I'v e got six keys. ________________________________________
10 Y ou've got tw o w a lle ts. _________________________________
2 W rite s e n te n c e s w ith is. S ta rt w ith This o r These.
1 m y a u n t 2 m y b o ss 3 M eg a n d K an e
This is my _______________ ________________
aunt's car. ________________ ________________
4 Jian g a n d T in g 5 C o lin 6 m y b ro th e r
121

4.1 Present simple positive
2 W rite se n te n c e s a b o u t H a n n a h . S ta rt w ith She....
GR4.1)))
1 I live in Cape Town.
2 She likes English films.
3 He teaches children.
4 we watch TV a lot.
Positive (+)
i/You/We/They
work
teach
in Brasilia.
He/She/it
works
studies
• We use the present simple to talk about habits or routines.
He goes abroad a lot.
• Most verbs add -s for he/she/it.
live - She lives in France.
like - He likes cats.
• The he/she/it form of have is has.
I have a greatjob. She has a greatjob.
Spelling rules
• We add -es to verbs ending in -ch, -sh, -ss and -o.
teach -* he teaches, watch -» she watches, go -» it goes
• We delete -y and add -ies to verbs ending in consonant + -y.
study -* studies
we use both have and have got for possession.
Jonas has got a beautiful house. = Jonas has a beautiful house.
We can contract has got, but not have for posession.
She has got a car. = She's got a car.
She has a car. NOT She's a cor.
We use have (NOThave got) to talk about present simple actions.
I often have lunch at 1.30. NOT i-often have geHuneh at-4-
.-3θ:
1 l^ ir c le)th e c o rre c t o p tio n .
1 W e(goj/goes to d iffe re n t sch o o ls.
2 B ella's so n study / studies a t D u b lin U niversity.
3 M y d a u g h te rs live / lives in B arc elo n a.
4 I watch / watches TV ev e ry ev en in g .
5 T h ey want / wants to h e lp th e ch a rity .
6 You have / has se v e n c h ild re n .
7 W e like / likes Spider-Man co m ics.
8 O u r fa th e r read / reads a lo t o f b o o k s.
9 G ita a n d S a n d ip play / plays c o m p u te r g am es.
10 M y s iste r teach / teaches E n g lish in T h a ila n d .
Hi, I'm Hannah.11live in Abu Dhabi and 21have three children.
31teach at the university.4 1work from 7 a.m. to 2 p.m.51like
my job. In the evening, 61study English and watch film s.71go
abroad a lot.
1 She, lives in Abu Dhabi.________________________________
2 __________________________________________
3 ____________________________________________________________
4 ____________________________________________________
5 ____________________________________________________________
6 ______________________________________________________
7
4.2 Present simple negative
GR4.2)))
1 I don't walk to school.
2 She doesn't teach maths.
3 The village doesn't have a hospital.
4 The buses don't go to my street.
Negative (-)
l/You/we/They
don't
(do not)
drive to work.
He/She/lt
doesn't
(does not)
• To make the present simple negative we use ...
don't/doesn't + verb (infinitive without to).
• For the he/she/it form, we don't add -s or -es to the verb.
He doesn't drive to work. NOT He doesn't drives to work.
Contractions
do not = don't does not = doesn't
1 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith th e c o rre c t fo rm o f th e v erb s
in (b rack ets).
1 H e doesvit watch TV in th e m o rn in g , (w atch X)
2 1_________________________c h e m is try a t K in g S au d
U n iv ersity , (te a c h / )
3 S h e _________________________to th e b e a c h a t th e
w e e k e n d , (go / )
4 T h e y _________________________in Ja m a ic a , (live A)
5 Y ou________________________ friendly n eig h b o u rs, (h av e / )
6 H e _________________________te n n is , (lik e X)
7 I t ________________________ a b ig g a rd e n , (h a v e X)
8 W e ________________________ to sch o o l, (c y c le / )
122

GRAMMAR REFERENCE
1 d o e s n 't / O u r / h a v e / g o o d / city / a / s c h o o l.
Our c ity doesvCt have a good school.__________________
2 live / d o n 't / city c e n tre / in / W e / th e .
3 to / D a n / w a l k / w o r k / d o e s n 't.
4 th e / d o n ’t / to / b u s e s / go / tra in s ta tio n / T h e .
5 m o to rcy c le s / lik e / 1 / d o n 't .
6 T V / s i s t e r / H e r / w a t c h / d o e s n ’t .
7 d o n ’t / sch o o l / stu d y / at / m y / You .
3 C o m p le te th e te x t w ith th e v e rb s in th e box.
have like live plays read teaches walk watches
work
l 1 Live- in the centre of Paris with my sister. I'm a nurse
and l 2________ in a big hospital. My sister3_________
at university - she's a maths teacher. We don't4_________
a car, so 15_________to work and my sister cycles. In the
evenings, I 6_________books and magazines, but my sister
7_________TV and 8_________computer games. We don't
9_________sport.
4 .3 P re s e n t s im p le yes/no q u e s tio n s
GR4.3$
1 A Do you have breakfast in the morning?
B Yes, l do.
2 A Do they start school at nine o'clock?
B No, they don't.
3 A Does she go to work on Saturdays?
B Yes, she does.
4 A Does the city have good restaurants?
B No, it doesn't.
Do
Does
l/you/we/they
he/she/it
like coffee?
go to work by bus?
Short answers
(+) Yes,
l/you/we/they
he/she/it
do.
does.
(-) NO,
l/you/we/they
he/she/it
don't (do not),
doesn't (does not).
• To make present simple Yes/No questions we use ...
Do/Does + subject + verb (infinitive without to)?
• In present simple questions with he/she/it we don't add -s or -es
to the verb.
Does she teach maths? not Docs she teaehes-maths?
• In short answers to Yes/No questions we use do/does, not the
main verb.
A Do you like tea?
b Yes, ı do. NOT Yesrf like.
-
1 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith do, does, don't o r doesn’t.
1 A Dots y o u r s iste r w o rk at th e w e ek en d ?
B Yes, s h e ____________ .
2 A ____________ B ill a n d S a ra h h a v e lu n c h a t w ork?
B N o, th e y ____________ .
3 A ____________ y o u p la y c o m p u te r g am es?
B Yes, w e ____________ .
4 A ____________ h e re a d books?
B N o, h e ____________ .
5 A ____________ y o u r h o u s e h a v e a g a rd en ?
B Yes, it __________ .
2 W rite th e se n te n c e s as q u e stio n s.
1 S h e lives w ith h e r p a re n ts .
Dots she, live, w ith her parents?_____________________
2 T h e y w o rk in th e city c e n tre .
3 H e h a s b re a k fa st at 6 a.m .
4 A b d u l s tu d ie s E n g lish a t th e w e ek en d .
5 Y our d a u g h te rs w a n t to go ab ro ad .
3 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n .
A A re y o u a m a n a g e r?
B Yes, I am .
A So, tell m e a b o u t y o u r jo b .1 Do y o u s ta rt early ?
B N o, 12____________. F ro m M o n d ay to Friday, I s ta rt at 11.00.
A 3____________ y o u fin ish late?
B Yes, I fin ish at a b o u t 8.00.
A 4____________ y o u r w ife w o rk w ith you?
B Yes, s h e 5____________ . B ut s h e 6____________ w o rk o n
M o n d ay . S he w o rk s T u e sd a y to F riday.
A O h, th a t’s n ic e .7____________ y o u w o rk o n S a tu rd ay ?
B Yes, 1 8____________ , b u t m y w ife 9_____________.
A 10____________ y o u h a v e tim e w ith y o u r fam ily?
B Yes, o n S u n d ay . W e go o u t w ith frie n d s, w a tc h a film
a n d h a v e d in n e r.
123

5.1 Adverbs of frequency
G R5.1)))
1 She always buys expensive jeans.
2 You don't usually wear smart clothes.
3 l often read fashion magazines.
4 We sometimes go shopping at the weekend.
5 They never wear the same clothes.
We use adverbs of frequency with the present simple to say how
often we do something.
0% 30-40% 70-80% 85-95% 100%
never sometimes often usually always
Word order for adverbs of frequency
• in positive sentences we put the adverb before the verb.
We usually get up early. She never cycles to work.
• In negative sentences, the adverb goes between the auxiliary
don't/doesn't and the main verb.
He doesn't always have breakfast
• We put the adverb after the verb be.
i am often at home in the evenings.
The clothes are always expensive here.
1 P u t th e a d v e rb s in th e b o x in th e c o rre c t p la c e o n th e lin e,
alw ays often so m etim es never usually
2 R ew rite th e s e n te n c e s w ith th e p ro n o u n s a n d a d v e rb s in
(b rack ets).
1 S he re a d s n e w sp a p e rs in th e m o rn in g , (w e/n ev er)
We- never read newspapers in tWt morning.______
2 S he h a s b re a k fa st in b e d . (I/so m e tim e s)
3 We g e t u p early, (th e y /u su a lly )
4 You d riv e to w o rk , (h e/alw ay s)
5 T h ey d o n 't b u y ex p e n siv e c lo th e s, (s h e /n o t o ften)
3 C o m p le te th e te x t w ith th e v e rb s in th e b o x a n d a n ad v e rb
o f freq u en cy .
buy go g o es visits w e ar w ears
Fashion isn't important to me. 11 usually Wear (90%) blue
jeans and a T-shirt. 12___________________(35%) shopping
for clothes in small shops in my city, but 13_________
_________(0%) expensive clothes. My brother4__________
________ (100%) new clothes. He5___________________(75%)
New York for work and he 6___________________(90%) to the
city centre malls for shopping.
5.2 Wh- questions
GR5.2)))
1 A What's your favourite restaurant?
B Rioshi's, on Sanur Road.
2 A when do they start work?
B At 9.15.
3 A What colour are her trainers?
B They're red and white.
• Wh- questions start with a question word, e.g. What, Where,
When, Why. We use ...
1 what to ask about things 3 when to ask about time
2 where to ask about places 4 why to ask about reasons
Wh- questions with be
in questions with the verb be we use ...
Wh- word + is/are + subject?
What’s her favourite colour? Why are they sad?
Wh- questions with other verbs
In questions with other verbs we use ...
Wh- word + do/does + subject + verb (infinitive without to)?
What does your cat eat? Why do you like fashion?
w ha t + noun
• We use What + noun to make questions about specific things.
w hat colour is your bag? w hat music does she like?
What languages do you study? w hat time is it?
Contractions
• We contract is after question words.
What's her name? Where's my skirt?
• We don't contract are after question words.
When are .../Why are ... NOT When-'re—,/Why're , etc.
• We don't contract is when the last word is a pronoun (/, you, etc.).
where is she? not where's she?
124
We say: / don't always ... I don't usually... I don't often...
NOT ı don't sometimes"..? I don't-never...

Short answers
Yes, l/you/we/they do. No, he/she/it doesn't.
Yes, he/she/it does. No, l/you/we/they don't.
Wh- questions (?)
What books do you read? Where does he live?
1 C o m p le te th e q u e s tio n s w ith th e c o rre c t q u e s tio n w o rd .
1 1
NWere d o e s h e live?
2 ___________ tim e d o e s th e c lass sta rt?
3 ____________ d o e s th e b a n k clo se o n F riday?
4 ___________ 's y o u r b ro th e r's b irth d a y ?
5 ___________ c lo th e s d o y o u like?
6 ___________ a re th e ir n a m e s?
7 ___________ 's th a t b o o k in te re stin g ?
2 (fh rd e jth e c o rre c t o p tio n .
1 W hy^o)/ does th e y lik e th a t m o d e rn b u ild in g ?
2 W h a t do / does sh e d o in th e ev en in g ?
3 W h a t c o lo u r 's/ are y o u r n e w tro u sers?
4 W h a t tim e d o /d o e s w e h a v e d in n e r?
5 W h e re do /d o e s h is siste rs live?
6 W h a t 's/ are y o u r fa v o u rite clo th es?
3 M a tc h q u e s tio n s 1-6 in ex e rcise 2 to a n s w e rs a-f.
a _ 2 _ S h e w a tc h e s TV.
b ___ B lack.
c ___ B eca u se it's in te re stin g a n d d iffe ren t.
d ___ A t 6.30.
e ___ C a su a l clo th es.
f ___ In M ad rid .
5 .3 Present simple - all forms
1 I / w e a r / s o m e tim e s / s k irts / lo n g / r e a lly .
I sometimes W ear really Long skirts._________________
2 S h e / lo ts / c lo th e s / o f / b e a u tifu l / h a s .
3 A y o u / a t / D o / s h o e s / h o m e / w e a r ?
B d o n ’t / N o , / I .
4 d o e s n ’t / H e / l ik e /c lo th e s / s m a r t .
5 W e / d iffe re n t / h a v e / h a irs ty le s .
6 A p u t / D o e s / h e / c re a m / h is / o n / fa ce ?
B h e / d o e s / Y e s,.
2 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n w ith th e c o rre c t fo rm
o f th e v e rb s in (b rack ets).
A W h e r e 1 do y o u come (com e) from ,
A nouk?
B I’m fro m G re e n la n d , b u t 12_________
(live) in C o p e n h a g e n . 13___________
(w ork) in a h o sp ita l.
A T ell m e a b o u t th is p h o to .
B T h is is a p ic tu re o f m y b ro th e r
a n d siste r in o u r tra d itio n a l
c lo th es. M en a n d w o m e n 4________
(have) d iffe re n t sty les. M en
5____________ (w ear) w h ite sh irts,
b la c k tro u s e rs a n d b la c k b o o ts.
W o m en 6____________ (w ear) c o lo u rfu l
c lo th e s. In th is p h o to , m y s iste r 7____________
(have) a re a lly n ic e re d ju m p e r a n d w h ite b o o ts.
A W h a t8____________ p e o p le in G re e n la n d u su a lly
____________ (w ear)?
B W ell, 19____________ (h a v e got) a lo t o f w a rm c lo th e s
b e c a u se it's alw ay s re a lly cold!
A 10____________ y o u ____________ (like) tra d itio n a l clothes?
B N o, I d o n 't. 1 11____________ (like) fa sh io n clo th es.
G R 5.3$
1 I wear smart clothes at work.
2 My sister enjoys clothes shopping.
3 Raul and Sophie don't like fashion clothes.
4 She doesn't w ork in an office.
5 A What do you do at weekends? B I go out with friends.
6 A Does your sister live in Lublin? B Yes, she does.
Positive (+)
l/You/We/They like colourful clothes.
He/She wears traditional clothes.
It leaves at 4.30.
Negative (-)
l/You/We/They don't live in Italy.
He/She doesn't have dinner at 7 p.m.
It doesn't arrive at 8 o'clock.
Do l/you/we/they read comics?
Does he/she speak Japanese?
Does it look good?

6.1 there is/there are 6.2 Is there ...?/Are there...?
GR6.1 )|
• We use There is/There are to talk about things that exist or don't
exist somewhere.
There's a Korean restaurant on Chapel Street.
There aren't any parks in my town.
• We use any before plural nouns in negative sentences.
There aren't any good facilities here.
Contractions
There is = There's There is not = There isn't
There are NOT Thereite There are not = There aren't
When we talk about a list of things, we use There’s ...
There's a gym, a car park and a good restaurant at the hotel.
NOT Therextre-a-gym-
.-a-ear-pafk-".-
1 L ook a t th e m a p . W rite se n te n c e s a b o u t th e facilities.
1 fo o tb a ll s ta d iu m T h e re ! a football stadium.___________
2 b u se s T h e re a re n 't any buses.__________________________
3 p a rk ______________________________________________________
4 c a fe _______________________________________________________
5 sh o p s _____________________________________________________
6 h o sp ita l __________________________________________________
7 m u s e u m s ________________________________________________
8 h o te ls ____________________________________________________
9 re s ta u ra n ts ______________________________________________
10 c in e m a ___________________________________________________
G R 6.2)))
• We use Is there ..v/Are there ...? to ask about things in a place.
Is there a lift in the hotel?
• We use a/an before singular nouns in questions.
Is there a phone/an iron in the room?
• We use any before plural nouns in questions.
Are there anygym facilities here?
• We don't use contractions in positive short answers.
Yes, there is./Yes, there are. NOT Yes, there'q./Yosrthero're:
Contractions
No, there is not. = No, there isn't.
No, there are not. = No, there aren't.
The words Wi-fi, air-conditioning and coffee don't add -s and we
don't use an article before these words.
Is there air conditioning/wi-fi in my room?
NOT Are there air-conditionings ..it, Is there a Wi-fi ...?
1 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n w ith th e c o rre c t fo rm o f there
is/there are. U se c o n tra c tio n s w h e re p o ssib le.
A Is y o u r h o te l n ice?
B Yes, m y ro o m is lo v e ly .1 T here's a v ery b ig b e d a n d a
b e a u tifu l b a th ro o m .
A 2________________________ a b ath ?
B Yes, 3_________________________. It's a re ally b ig one!
A 4________________________ a b alco n y ?
B N o ,5_________________________.
A 6________________________ a n y re s ta u ra n ts a n d sh o p s in
th e hotel?
B 7________________________ a g o o d Ita lia n re s ta u ra n t, b u t
8_________________________a n y sh o p s.
A 9________________________ a s w im m in g pool?
B Yes, it's n e x t to th e g y m . B ut it’s v ery cold!
A 10_________________________a n y in te re s tin g p la c e s n e a r
th e hotel?
B Y e s,11_________________________a n old th e a tre , a m o d e rn
m u s e u m , a p la z a a n d a p ark .
126
Singular
Positive (+) Negative (-)
There's ˌ There isn't
. . a theatre. . a park.
(There is) (There is not)
Plural
Positive (+) Negative (-)
, , There aren't
There are refreshments. . any hotels.
(There are not)
Singular
Yes, there is.
Is there a s h o w e r ? ----------------------------------------------------
No, there isn't (is not).
Plural
Yes, there are.
Are there any to w e ls ? ---------------------------------------------------
No,there aren't (are not).

G R A M M A R REFERENCE
2 L ook at th e illu s tra tio n . W rite q u e s tio n s a n d a n sw e rs.
GR6.3)))
1 Each ro o m has a sofa.
2 All the ro o m s have g o t b ig beds.
3 All the c h ild re n in th is sc h o o l a re happy.
4 D oes each fla t have a kitch e n ?
5 Do all the tra in s g o to London?
each
Each ro o m
has
W i-fi.
a phone,
th re e to w e ls .
is
big.
a d iffe re n t c o lo u r
all the
All the ro o m s
ha ve g o t
to w e ls .
safes.
are
sm all.
co ld .
• w e use each w h e n w e w a n t to ta lk a b o u t s e p a ra te th in g s
in a g ro u p .
Each kitchen has got a big fridge.
• W e use all + the w h e n w e w a n t to ta lk a b o u t th e w h o le g ro u p .
A ll the kitchens have got big fridges.
• W e use each b e fo re a s in g u la r noun.
Each flat's got a small garden.
• W e use all + the w ith p lu ra l nouns.
A ll the tables are very small.
1 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith all the o r each.
1 A
LL th e ro o m s h a v e a ir c o n d itio n in g .
2 ____________ d o o r is a d iffe re n t co lo u r.
3 ____________ b e d ro o m s a re v ery cold.
4 D o e s ____________ ro o m h a v e a b alco n y ?
5 H a v e ____________ h o te ls got s w im m in g poo ls?
6 ____________ te a c h e rs in m y sch o o l a re v ery n ice.
2 W rite fu ll s e n te n c e s o r q u e s tio n s w ith th e p ro m p ts.
1 all / ro o m s / h a v e / tab le s
A
LL tkc rooms Wave, tables.__________________
2 e a c h / c in e m a / h a v e / cafe
3 all / re s ta u ra n ts / b e / g o o d
4 all / tra in s / h a v e / to ile ts / ?
5 b e / e a c h / fla t / d iffe re n t / ?
3 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n w ith th e w o rd s in th e box.
all (x4) different ea ch (x2) have like n ear te a c h e rs
A n k a H i. H o w a re you?
B o b I'm fine, th a n k s . D o y o u 1 like y o u r n e w sch o o l?
A n k a Yes, I d o .2____________ th e c la sse s a re in te re stin g .
B ob O h, th a t's g o o d . D o y o u lik e all y o u r 3____________ ?
A n k a Yes, I d o .4____________ te a c h e r h a s a 5_____________
style.
B o b A re th e fa cilities good?
A n k a Yes, 6____________ th e ro o m s 7_____________big
w in d o w s a n d n ew fu rn itu re . 8____________ ro o m is a
d iffe re n t colour.
B ob Is th e re a cafe?
A n k a N o, b u t 9____________ th e s tu d e n ts go to cafes
10____________ th e sch o o l.
B ob D o 11____________ th e s tu d e n ts w o rk h a rd ?
A n k a S o m etim es!
127
1 b e d Is th e r e a bed?______ fes, there is.________________
2 to w els ____________________________________________________
3 TV ________________________________________________________
4 n e w sp a p e rs ______________________________________________
5 b a th ______________________________________________________
6 frid g e _____________________________________________________
7 re fre s h m e n ts _____________________________________________
8 p h o n e ____________________________________________________
9 iro n ______________________________________________________
10 keys ______________________________________________________
6 .3 each and all the

7.1 can/can't
• We use can/can't + verb to talk about people's abilities.
They can swim.
• Can is the same for all subjects (/, you, etc.). We don't add -s for
he/she/it
He can sing. NOT He can sings.
• After can we use the infinitive without to.
I can't play the piano. NOT beenitite-play the piano.
1 L ook a t th e illu s tra tio n s . W rite se n te n c e s w ith can/can’t.
1 H e can, play ike piano.
2 S he _____________________
3 You ____________________
4 I ________________________
5 T h ey ___________________
6 W e _____________________
2 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith can/can’t a n d tw o v e rb s in
th e box.
d o d riv e fly p a in t p la y (x 2) read re m e m b e r (x2)
fid e sp ea k use
GR7.2)))
1 A Can you type?
B Yes, ı can.
2 A Can he swim?
B No, he c a n 't.
Yes/No q u e s tio n s (?)
Can l/you/he/she/it/we/they speak Spanish?
S h o rt a n s w e rs
Yes, l/you/he/she/it/we/they can.
No, l/you/he/she/it/we/they c a n 't (cannot).
• We use Can + subject + infinitive without to to ask about
people's abilities.
Can he speak English? NOT Can he to speak English?
• we don't use do/does with can for questions.
Can you use Excel? NOT Do-you-ean-tisc-Excet?
1 f J r c le)the c o rre c t o p tio n .
A T ell m e a b o u t yo u . C a n y o u 1(use)/ play a c o m p u te r?
B Yes, I c a n .
A C an y o u 2 type / types fast?
B N o, 13 can’t/ can, b u t I c a n 4 read / reads fast.
A OK, 5 can you / do you can s p e a k F ren ch ?
B I c a n re a d a n d w rite F ren ch , b u t 16 can’t/can sp e a k w ell.
A C a n y o u 7 drive / ride?
B 8 Yes/ No, I c a n , b u t I h a v e n ’t g o t a car.
A C a n y o u 9 u se/ take a ca m e ra?
B Yes, b u t n o t w ell.
A C a n y o u 10 swim / to swim?
B Yes, b u t v ery badly.
128
GR7.1)))
1 I can sing.
2 You c a n 't remember my name.
3 She ca n speak Hungarian.
4 He c a n 't understand the film.
5 We ca n use a computer.
6 They c a n 't dance.
P o s itiv e (+)
l/You/He/She/lt/We/They can play the guitar
N e g a tiv e (-)
l/You/He/She/lt/We/They c a n 't (ca n n o t) ride a bicycle.
1 H e / can ride a bicycle, b u t h e X cavit drive a car.
2 You A _____________________a co m p u ter,
b u t y o u / _____________________a p ic tu re .
3 S h e / ____________________ E n g lish ,
b u t s h e X _____________________E n g lish b o o k s.
4 1 / ____________________ th e g u itar,
b u t I X ____________________e a sy m a th s.
5 B i r d s / _____________________,
b u t th e y A ___________________ te n n is.
6 1 / ____________________ faces,
b u t I X ____________________n a m e s.
7 .2 Can you...?

GRAMMAR REFERENCE
2 C h a n g e s e n te n c e s 1-6 to m a k e q u e stio n s.
1 H e c a n 't d riv e a ca r. Can ke drive a car?______________
2 You c a n sw im w ell. ______________________________________
3 S h e c a n rid e a m o to rb ik e . _______________________________
4 T h ey c a n 't u n d e rs ta n d th e in s tru c tio n s . ________________
5 T h is p h o n e c a n ta k e p h o to g ra p h s . ______________________
6 T h ey c a n 't u s e a c o m p u te r w ell. _________________________
• When we use like + noun we usually use the plural form of
the noun.
I like dogs. NOT I like dog.
She loves children. NOT She loves o child.
• Some nouns do not add -s, e.g. music, food, coffee.
I like Japanese music. NOT I like Japanese-mttsies-
7 .3 like + -ing
• We use like + verb + -ing to talk about hobbies and interests.
He likes playing tennis. We like taking photographs.
• We use like + noun to talk about things we like.
I like dolphins. She likes music.
• We use love and hate in the same way we use like.
He loves making things. They hate cars.
S p e llin g ru le s
• We usually add -ing to the infinitive form of the verb.
read -* reading, go -» going, study -* studying
• For verbs ending in -e, we delete -e and add -ing.
drive -* driving, make -» making
• For verbs ending in one vowel and one consonant, e.g. get,
run, shop, travel, etc., we double the final consonant.
shop -* shopping, travel -* travelling
1 M a tc h b e g in n in g s 1-7 to e n d in g s a-g .
1 b W e a d o n 't lik e g a rd e n in g .
2 ___ I b love d a n c in g .
3 ___ S h e c h e lik e m usic?
4 ___ W h a t d o e s d h e like?
5 ___ W h a t d o e y o u lik e trav e llin g ?
6 ___ D o f h a te s p la y in g v id e o g am es.
7 ___ D o es g y o u lik e d o in g ?
3 P u t th e c o n v e rsa tio n b e tw e e n M u stafa (M ) a n d S ally (S) in
th e c o rre c t o rd er.
a ___ M I lik e w a tc h in g TV a n d p la y in g c o m p u te r
g a m e s. D o y o u lik e co m p u te rs?
b 1 M Sally, w h a t d o y o u lik e d o in g a t w e ek en d s?
c ___ M T h ey lik e g e ttin g u p late a n d lis te n in g to
m u sic.
d ___ M N o, I h a te sh o p p in g !
e ___ M I see. D o y o u se e y o u r frie n d s a t w e ek en d s?
f ___ S N ot really . I u s e th e m at w o rk , b u t I d o n ’t like
u sin g th e m at h o m e.
g ___ S I lik e p la y in g s p o rts a n d b e in g a t h o m e . W h a t
d o y o u lik e d o in g ?
h ___ S W h a t d o y o u r frie n d s lik e d o in g ?
i J0_ S I love g e ttin g u p late, too.
j ___ S Yes, w e s o m e tim e s go s h o p p in g o r go to
re s ta u ra n ts . D o you lik e sh o p p in g ?
129
GR7.3)))
1 l like travelling.
2 She d o e s n 't lik e cats.
3 D oes she lik e going out?
4 What d o you lik e doing in your free time?
2 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith th e c o rre c t fo rm o f like a n d
th e -ing fo rm o f th e v e rb s in th e box.
be do (x2) get go make play read ride watch
1 I like being a t h o m e o n S u n d ay s.
2 S h e _____________________o u t o n F rid ay e v e n in g s.
3 W h a t d o y o u _____________________in y o u r fre e tim e?
4 I d o n 't_____________________ co m ics.
5 H e _____________________fo o tb a ll a n d te n n is .
6 D o th e y _________________________bicycles?
7 D o e s s h e ________________________ th in g s?
8 W h a t d o e s h e _____________________a t th e w e ek en d ?
9 S h e d o e s n 't_______________________s p o rto n TV.
10 T h ey d o n ’t ____________________ u p e a rly at th e w eek en d .
P o s itiv e (+)
i/Y o u /w e /T h e y lik e sw im m ing.
He/She/lt lik e s cats.
N e g a tiv e (-)
i/Y o u /w e /T h e y d o n 't
lik e
running.
He/She/lt d o e s n 't apples.
Yes/No q u e s tio n s (?) S h o rt a n s w e rs
D o you lik e reading? Yes, l do./N o, l d o n 't (do not).
D oes he lik e books?
Yes, he does./N o, he d o e s n 't
(does not).
wh- q u e s tio n s (?)
W h a t
d o you
lik e doing?
does she

8 .1 Verb b e past simple
• We use was/were to talk about the past.
• Was is the past form of am/is.
I am happy. — / was happy.
She isn 't rich. -» She wasn't rich.
There is a hospital. -* There was a hospital.
• Were is the past form of are.
You are an astronaut. — You were an astronaut.
The apples aren't green. — The apples w eren't green.
There are six students. -» There were six students.
Contractions
was not = w asn't were not = w eren't
1 C o m p le te th e se n te n c e s w ith was, wasn't, were o r weren't.
1 T h e film yjasvCt in te re stin g . It w a s b o rin g .
2 M y p a re n ts w e ren 't teac h ers. T h e y ___________en g in eers.
3 T h e fo o d ____________ h o t. It w as cold.
4 S h e ____________ b o rn in 1989. S he w as b o rn in 1998.
5 You w e re n 't h e re at 6.15. Y o u ____________ h e re a t 6.30.
6 O u r c a r ____________ c h e a p . It w as ex p en siv e.
7 T h e h o u s e s w e re n 't old. T h e y ____________ m o d e rn .
8 1____________ ric h . I w as v ery po o r.
9 T h e re ____________ fo u r c a ts in o u r h o u se. T h ere w ere five.
10 I t ____________ a g o o d day. It w a s a b a d day.
2 C o m p le te th e q u e s tio n s a n d sh o rt a n sw e rs w ith th e p a s t
fo rm o f th e v erb be.
1 A Was s h e a h a p p y ch ild ?
B Yes, s h e ____________ .
2 A ____________ y o u a s tu d e n t in 2012?
B N o, I ____________.
3 A ____________ th e film g o o d ?
B Yes, i t ____________ .
4 A ____________ y o u b o rn in O cto b er?
B Yes, I ___________ .
5 A ____________ th e le sso n s d ifficu lt?
B Yes, th e y ____________.
6 A ____________ th e re five c h ild re n in y o u r fam ily?
B N o, th e r e ___________ .
7 A ____________ y o u r n e ig h b o u r frien d ly ?
B N o, h e ____________ .
8 A ____________ th e re a cafe in y o u r school?
B Yes, th e r e ____________.
8 . 2 Past simple regular verbs
GR8.2)))
1 You s tu d ie d at university from 2007 to 2010.
2 He tra v e lle d to Namibia when he was twelve.
3 The film s ta rte d at 8.40.
4 We w o rk e d in South America in 2008.
P o s itiv e (+)
l/You/He/She/lt/We/They p la ye d football.
• We use the past sim ple to ta lk abo ut finished actions and states
in th e past.
• To m ake th e past sim ple, w e add -ed to m ost regular verbs,
e.g. helped, started.
• The past sim ple positive is th e sam e fo r all persons, e.g. Ilived,
He lived, They lived, etc.
• W hen w e use th e past sim ple, w e often say w hen the action
happened.
/ travelled around the UKin 2014.
She finished school at four o'clock.
They opened their first shop when they were 25 years old.
S p e llin g ru le s
• We usually add -ed to the infinitive form.
work -* worked, want -» wanted
• We add -d to verbs ending in -e.
live — lived, die — died
• We delete -y and add -led for verbs ending in consonant + -y.
study -» studied, marry -» married
• Some verbs double the final consonant when we add -ed.
travel -* travelled, stop -* stopped
130
GR8.11
1 I w a s a happy child.
2 She w a s n 't at an expensive school.
3 We w e re n 't poor.
4 His parents w e re rich.
5 A W as your house big? B No, it w a s n 't.
6 a w e re they at home? b Yes, they w e re .
P o s itiv e (+)
i/He/She/it w a s a teacher,
sad.
You/We/They w e re
N e g a tiv e (-)
i/He/she/it w a s n 't (w a s n o t) at a good school,
happy.
You/we/They w e re n 't (w e re n o t)
Yes/No q u e s tio n s (?) S h o rt a n s w e rs
W as he friendly?
Yes, he w as.
No, he w a s n 't (w a s not).
W e re they politicians?
Yes, they w e re .
No, they w e re n 't (w e re not).

GRAMMAR REFERENCE
1 R ew rite th e se n te n c e s in th e p a s t sim p le.
1 S h e v isits h e r a u n t e v e ry W e d n e sd a y
She, visite d h e r a u n t every Wednesday._______________
2 H e u s e s h is n ew la p to p in th e lesso n .
3 T h ey love A m ste rd a m .
4 You a lw a y s re m e m b e r m y b irth d a y .
5 I tra v e l to w o rk by bus.
6 S h e w a tc h e s film s in th e m o rn in g .
7 T h e sh o p o p e n s a t 10.30.
2 C o m p le te th e te x ts w ith th e p a s t sim p le fo rm o f th e v e rb s
in th e boxes.
Virginia Woolf1 was bom in 1882. She2_________a writer.
She 3_________in England. She 4_________ in 1941.
be (x3) die live paint
Giovanni Canaletto 5_________an artist. He 6_________ born
in 1697 and 7_________with his family in Venice. His father
8_________a painter, too. Canaletto9_________ lots of
beautiful paintings in his lifetime. He 10_________in 1768.
be (x4) die like marry study
Albert Einstein 11_________a famous scientist and physicist.
He 12_________born in 1879 in Munich. He 13_________ very
good at maths and he 14_________studying on his own. He
15_________physics at a college in Zurich. He 16_________
Mileva Marie, a physics student from Serbia, in 1903. He
17 in 1955.
8 .3 Object pronouns
GR8.3)))
1 I lived in Barcelona in 1969. My sister lived with m e.
2 You don’t love me, but I love you.
3 He was in my class last year. I studied English with him .
4 She worked very late last night. We helped her.
5 it was difficult. I hated it!
6 We talked to the police on Monday. They helped us.
7 They are good films. I want to watch th e m .
S u b je c t p ro n o u n I you he she it we they
O b je c t p ro n o u n me you him her it us them
• We use pronouns in place of nouns.
Theo watched the boy. Theo watched him.
(subject) (object)
I loved the monkeys. I loved them.
(subject) (object)
• The object pronoun goes after a verb or after a preposition,
e.g. to, in, with, etc.
They remembered us. This is your bag. Your books are in it
l talked to her Elfie walked to school w ith me.
• We use an object pronoun (me, him, etc.), not a subject pronoun
(/, he, etc.) after the verb be.
That's him over there.
The object pronouns you and it are the same as the subject
pronouns you and it.
1 ^ i r d e)th e c o rre c t o p tio n .
1 T h e te a c h e rs w e re n 't h a p p y w ith he /(him).
2 H e/H im m a rrie d her/sh em 2007.
3 They/ Them tra v e lle d a ro u n d th e w o rld w ith w e/us.
4 T h e m o n k e y re m e m b e re d 1 / me.
5 T h e s tre e t m u sic ia n p lay ed so m e so n g s for you / your.
6 She / Her liste n e d to him / his for th re e h o u rs.
7 T h e h o te l ro o m w a sn 't cle a n . W e c le a n e d it/ its.
8 T h e p ic tu re s w e re a m a z in g ! W e lo v ed they / them.
2 C o m p lete th e se n te n c e s w ith a su b ject o r a n o b ject p ro n o u n .
1 W e tra v e lle d to A rg e n tin a la st y ear. It w as a m a z in g .
2 M y b ro th e r Jo h an liv es a b ro a d . W e v is ite d ____________
la st m o n th .
3 H is s iste r w as v ery h e lp fu l.____________ d ro v e u s to th e
sta tio n .
4 P eo p le s o m e tim e s sp e a k v ery fast a n d I c a n 't
u n d e r s ta n d ____________ .
5 T h e w o m a n w a s friendly. W e a s k e d ____________ a
q u e stio n .
6 You lik e A n to n , b u t h e d o e s n ’t lik e ____________ .
7 I'v e g o t lo ts o f n e w c lo th es, b u t 1d o n ’t w e a r ____________ .
8 W e a re a b ig fa m ily a n d m y m o th e r co o k s fo r ___________
e v e ry n ig h t.
9 I h a v e n ’t got a car. C an you d riv e ____________to th e p arty ?
10 A W h e re w e re y o u r frie n d s la st n ig h t?
B ____________ w e re a t a p a rty .
131
be be die live

9.1 P a s t s im p le irre g u la r v e rb s 9 .2 P a s t s im p le n e g a tiv e s a n d q u e s tio n s
GR9.1)))
1 I met him last year and we fell in love.
2 You wrote a story, but they said it wasn't good.
3 She went to London yesterday and saw the Palace.
4 He had a good holiday, but he got ill in Tangiers.
5 We sold our house because it was very small.
6 They left Utah in 1989 and came to live with me.
Positive (+)
l/You/He/She/lt/We/They knew my father.
• We use the past simple to talk about finished actions and states
in the past. She got married when she was twenty-five.
• The past simple positive is the same for all persons, e.g. I went,
She went, They went.
• The past simple forms of irregular verbs are NOT formed by
adding -ed. They are all different, e.g. buy - bought, go - went,
see - saw, etc. See the list of irregular verbs on page 146.
1 C o m p le te th e se n te n c e s w ith th e c o rre c t p a s t sim p le v erb .
1 I u s u a lly h a v e a big lu n c h , b u t y e ste rd a y I had a
sm a ll lu n c h .
2 H e u su a lly w rite s a d iary , b u t y e ste rd a y h e ____________
a story.
3 W e u su a lly leav e h o m e at 7.30, b u t y e ste rd a y w e
a t 8.00.
4 S he u su a lly g o es to th e c in e m a , b u t y e ste rd a y sh e
to th e p ark .
5 You u su a lly lo se y o u r p h o n e , b u t y e ste rd a y y o u
y o u r keys.
6 I u su a lly see m y frie n d s in th e cafe, b u t y e sterd ay
I ____________ m y te a c h e r.
7 H e u su a lly g e ts u p at 6.15, b u t y e ste rd a y h e ____________
u p at 7.30.
2 (^ irc le )th e c o rre c t o p tio n .
My parents1meet /(met)/ worked at university. My mother
2studies / study / studied English and my father3was / were /
is an art student. He 4fell / fall / got in love with her the first
time he5see / sees / saw her. He6can / could / was paint
very well so he 7paint / paints / painted her lots of flowers. He
also8 write / saidt wrote her beautiful letters and 9g o / went/
visited her almost every day. They10got /ge t /go married three
years later They1
1 live / lived / left in my father's flat, but then
my brother and 112 was / wasn't / were born. The fla t13 weren't /
wasn't / isn't very big so they14sell / saw / sold it and moved to
the countryside, we 15was / are / were very happy there. My
brother and 116g o /w e n t/g e t to university and 17left / leave /
went the village, but my parents still live there.
GR9.2)))
1 I didn't get up until 11.30 a.m.
2 He didn't stay at home yesterday.
3 A Did she phone the office? B Yes, she did.
4 A Did they call the doctor? B No, they didn't.
Past simple negative
Negative (-)
we/They didn't go to work yesterday.
l/You/He/She/lt (did not) feel well.
• For past simple negatives, we use ...
didn't + infinitive without to.
I didn't watch a film last night.
Harry didn't go shopping yesterday.
NOT l didn't to watch ..., I didn't watched ...,
Horry didn't w e n t...
• The auxiliary did/didn't is the same for all persons.
We didn’t leave work early. Did she have a headache?
Contractions
did not = didn't
The negative form of could is couldn't. NOT didn't con.
She could remember his face, but she couldn't remember
his name.
Past simple questions
Did l/you/he/she/it/we/they have a headache?
Short answers
(+) Yes, l/you/he/she/it/we/they did.
(-) NO, l/you/he/she/it/we/they didn't (did not).
• For past simple yes/no questions we use ...
Did + subject + infinitive without to
Did you w rite those emails yesterday?
Did your friend study maths?
NOT Did-you to write ..., Dtd-you-wrote—■
■
?,
Did your friend studied'...?
We don't use did to make questions with could.
A He could speak five languages when he was eighteen.
B Could he speak German?
132

GRAMMAR REFERENCE
3 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n w ith th e c o rre c t fo rm o f th e
v e rb s in (b rack ets).
A I d i d n 't 1 se e (see) y o u a t w o rk y e s te rd a y m o rn in g .
D id you 2____________ (m iss) y o u r b u s?
B N o, 13_________________________ (g et u p ) v ery late.
14____________ (h a v e) a b a d n ig h t.
A Oh! D id y o u 5____________ (eat) s o m e th in g b ad?
B N o, m y d a u g h te r 6____________ (h av e) a b a d h e a d a c h e .
A D id you 7____________ (go) to th e d o cto r?
B N o, w e 8____________ (call) th e d o c to r a n d he
9____________ (com e) to o u r h o u se . B ut A n n a 's fin e now .
S h e 10____________ (go) to sch o o l at lu n c h tim e .
A O h, th a t's g o o d . D id y o u 11____________ (w rite) th a t e m a il
to N E C th is m o rn in g ?
B N o, so rry 1 12____________ (forget). B ut it’s OK. T h e b o ss is
sick today.
9 .3 ago
past — o ----------------------------------------------------------------now
a year ago
past----------------------------------------------o ----------------------- now
two months ago
past------------------------------------------------------------- o --------now
thirty minutes ago
• We use ago with the past simple to talk about something that
happened at a time in the past.
• We use a time phrase + ago to say how long it is between now
and the past event.
I left school two years ago.
• we often use ...
a/an/a number + time noun (minute, week, month, etc.) + ago,
e.g. a minute ago, an hour ago, ten years ago
• ago goes after the time phrase.
They sold their house nine months ago
Other common past simple time phrases:
last night/week/month/year/Tuesday/January/summer
yesterday (morning!aftemoon/evening)
at 6 p.m. in 1995 When she was s ix ...
on Friday on July 29th When my mother was in Mexico...
When we were at school...
1 W rite se n te n c e s w ith ago.
1 T o d ay is W ed n esd ay . I w e n t to th e b a n k o n M onday.
1 1
vent to the bank, two days ago.___________________
2 S h e liv ed in Z a ra g o z a in 2009. N ow it's 2016.
3 W e m a rrie d in M arch . N ow it's S ep tem b er.
4 You left at 6 p .m . N ow it’s 11 p.m .
5 T h e film s ta rte d a t 6.15 p .m . N ow it’s 6.35 p .m .
2 C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s w ith th e w o rd s in th e box.
ago(x3) at in last on when yesterday yesterday
1 W e w e n t to th e fo o tb a ll m a tc h yesterday a fte rn o o n .
2 I saw h im a b o u t tw o m in u te s ____________ .
3 You left th e r e s ta u r a n t____________ a b o u t 9.15.
4 H e d id n ’t go to w o rk ____________ w eek .
5 T h ey w ro te a n e m a il a w e e k ____________ .
6 S h e w as b o r n ____________ 2 9 th D e cem b er.
7 You liv ed in P a n a m a ____________ 2009.
8 T h e w e a th e r w a s lo v e ly ____________ .
9 I w a s in h o sp ita l th re e y e a r s ____________ .
10 W e m e t____________ w e w e re e lev e n y e a rs old.
133
1 C h a n g e s e n te n c e s 1-5 to m a k e th e m n eg ativ e.
1 T h ey w e n t sh o p p in g .
They didvCtgo shopping.__________________________
2 T h e frid g e fell o n m e.
3 S he h a d a b a d n ig h t.
4 You c a m e late.
5 W e w a lk e d o n th e b ea ch .
2 W hite Yes/No q u e s tio n s a n d sh o rt an sw e rs.
1 H e got u p late.
Vid ke g et up Late ?X No. ke didvit___________.
2 S he w e n t to w ork.
________________________ ? / _________________________.
3 T h ey lo st th e ir cat.
___________________________ ? A .
4 Y our b ro th e r left a t 5 p .m .
____________________ ? / _____________________.
5 T h e sh o p c lo se d at 3 p .m .
____________________ ? / _____________________.
GR9.3)))
1 The train left an hour ago.
2 We saw her at the supermarket two days ago.
3 He went to Kazakhstan six months ago.
4 They got married twenty-five years ago.

1 0 .1 g oin g to positive and negative
2 C o m p le te th e se n te n c e s w ith th e c o rre c t fo rm o f going to
a n d th e v e rb s in th e box. U se c o n tra c tio n s w h e re p o ssib le.
G R10.1)))
1 I'm going to be a volunteer in Bolivia next month.
2 You aren't going to w ork with local people.
3 She's going to visit her friends in Spain in three days.
4 He isn't going to the museum this evening.
5 We're going to raise money to help poor people.
Positive (+)
1 'm (am) travel to Africa.
He/She/lt 's (is) going to need money.
we/You/They 're (are) meet new people.
Negative (-)
1
'm not
(am not) ask for money.
He/She/lt isn't (is not) going to join a band.
we/You/They
aren't
(are not)
write a blog.
• We use be + going to + verb (infinitive without to) to talk about
future plans.
She's going to study engineering in Germany.
• We often use going to with future time phrases.
Next month, we’re going to Nepal.
She’s notgoing to see her brother this evening.
I’m going to buy a new dress tomorrow.
1 L ook a t th e p h o to s. W rite fu ll se n te n c e s.
not buy not have take travel vtstt write
1 W e 'r e going to visit m y p a re n ts in B ru ssels th e day
a fte r to m o rro w .
2 I _________________________p iz z a for d in n e r th is ev e n in g .
3 S h e _________________________lo ts o f p h o to g ra p h s.
4 T h e y _______________________ a b lo g a b o u t le a rn in g
E n g lish in L o n d o n .
5 Y o u _________________________a n ew s k irt today.
6 W e _________________________a ro u n d th e w o rld n e x t y ear.
1 0 . 2 g oin g to questions and short answers
Am 1 change jobs?
Is he/she/it going to move abroad?
Are we/you/they buy a new house?
Short answers
(+)
Yes, l am.
(-)
No, I'm not (am not).
Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn't (is not).
Yes, we/you/they are. No, we/you/they aren't
(are not).
Word order in Yes/No questions
be + subject + going to + verb?
Are you going to play the piano at the party?
Word order in w h- questions
Question word + be + subject + going to + verb?
Where are they going to have dinner?
1 M ak e q u e s tio n s w ith th e c o rre c t fo rm o f going to. U se
1 I'm g o in g to liv e in Sicily.
W h e re arc yougoing to live_____________________________ ?
2 H e ’s g o in g to te a c h m a th s.
W h a t_____________________________________________________ ?
3 W e’re g o in g to v isit m y p a re n ts .
W h o ______________________________________________________?
4 T h e tr a in ’s g o in g to leav e a t 6.00 p .m .
W h a t tim e _______________________________________________ ?
1 3 4
GR10.2)))
1 A Are you going to drive? B Yes, we are.
2 A Is she going to move abroad? B No, she isn't.
3 A Where are you going to stay? B in Singapore.
1 G in a s going to play tewnxs n e x t F riday.
2 R a fa e l_________________________th e k itc h e n to m o rro w
m o rn in g .
3 W e _________________________o u r fla t o n S atu rd ay .
4 M ia a n d E d _________________________TV to n ig h t.
5 T h e y _________________________on T u esd a y ev e n in g .
6 I _________________________to S c o tla n d at th e w e ek en d .

GRAMMAR REFERENCE
2 M ak e Yes/No q u e s tio n s a n d s h o rt a n sw e rs.
1 (y o u /c h a n g e jobs)
A A re yougoing to change jobs?________________________
B / Yes. I am.____________
2 (h e /b u y /n e w h o u se)
A _________________________________________________________
B X _____________________
3 (S afiah a n d F u a d /m o v e a b ro a d n e x t m o n th )
A _________________________________________________________
B / _________________________
4 (th e c h ild re n /s in g fo r u s to m o rro w )
A _________________________________________________________
B X _________________________
5 (sh e /stu d y C h in ese)
A _________________________________________________________
B / _________________________
3 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n b e tw e e n A n g ela (A) a n d N ick
(N ) w ith th e c o rre c t fo rm o f going to a n d th e v e rb s in
(b rack e ts). U se c o n tra c tio n s w h e re p o ssib le.
A W h a t1 are y o u going to do (do) to m o rro w ?
N I 2_________________________(g e t u p ) v ery early a n d go
sh o p p in g .
A W h a t3_________________________(buy)?
N A p re se n t for m y n e ig h b o u r F io n a.
A Is it h e r b irth d a y ?
N N o, it's n o t h e r b irth d a y . S h e 4_________________________
(sta rt) a n ew jo b in M alay sia n e x t w eek.
A M alaysia! H o w excitin g ! W h a t5_________________________
s h e _________________________(do) th ere?
N S h e's a d o cto r. So, s h e 6_________________________
(w ork) in a big h o sp ita l in K ota B h a ru . S h e’s
7_________________________(le a rn ) M alay.
1 0 .3 w ould like
Positive (+)
l/You/He/She/lt/We/They
'd like
(would like)
a drink.
to see the menu.
Would
l/you/he/she/it/we/
they
like
a doughnut?
to come to my party?
• We use would iike/'d like to say what we want. It means the
same as / want, but it's more polite.
I'd like a biscuit. She'd like to speak to him.
• After would like we use a noun or the infinitive with to.
Leo would like a sandwich.
I would like to order now. NOT fweuld-Hke ofder-now:
• Would is the same for all persons (/, you, etc.). We don't add -s
to like for he/she/it.
He would like ... NOT He would-likes
• We use the question form Would you like... ?to offer something
to someone. We don't use do with would for questions.
would you like a drink? NOT Do you would like a drink?
• we answer the question Would you like ...?with Yes, please.
or No, thank you.
A Would you like an apple? B Yes, please./ No, thank you.
• When we don't want something we say / don't want....
NOT/ wouldn't like...
2 C o m p le te th e c o n v e rsa tio n b e tw e e n D o m in ik (D) a n d
G eo rg e (G) w ith I like, I'd like, wouldyou like o r do you like.
D So, w h a t 1 would you Like, to d o to d ay ?
G W e ll,2_________________________to go for a w a lk a ro u n d
R ic h m o n d P a rk a n d th e n h a v e so m e lu n c h .
D 3_________________________ K o re an food?
G Yes, I do. I love it!
D T h e re 's a v ery g o o d K o re an re s ta u ra n t o n th e h ig h
s tr e e t.4_________________________to h a v e lu n c h th ere?
G Yes, great!
D W h e re 5_________________________to go in th e a fte rn o o n ?
G I d o n ’t re a lly lik e m u se u m s, b u t 6________________________
to se e H a m p to n C o u rt P a la c e . A nd, is th e re a g o o d
sh o p p in g m all? 7_________________________sh o p p in g .
D T h e re a re lo ts o f g o o d s h o p s in c e n tra l L o n d o n .
8_________________________ to go th e re to m o rro w ?
G I'd love to, b u t I'm g o in g to leav e e a rly to m o rro w .
D OK, n o p ro b le m . 9_________________________to c o m e to o u r
h o u s e for d in n e r to n ig h t?
G O h, yes, p lease . T h a t s o u n d s great!
135
1 (^ i r d g ) t h e c o r r e c t o p t io n .
1 A ( f Vouid) / D o y o u l i k e a s a n d w ic h ?
B N o , t h a n k s . I 'm n o t h u n g r y .
2 A W o u l d / D o y o u l i k e s w im m in g ?
B N o , I d o n ’t . I c a n 't s w im .
3 A W o u l d / D o y o u l i k e a h o t d r in k ?
B Y e s , p le a s e . I ’d lik e a c o ffe e .
4 A W h a t m u s ic w o u ld / d o y o u lik e ?
B I l i k e p o p m u s ic .
5 A W h a t w o u l d / d o y o u l i k e d o in g i n y o u r f r e e t im e ?
B I lik e g o in g to a r t g a lle r ie s .
G R 1 0 .3 ) ) )
1 I'd like a juice, please.
2 A would you like a sandwich? B Yes, please.
3 A would you like to watch TV? B No, thank you. I'm fine.
4 A What would you like to eat? B A small salad, please.

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