CONTENTS 
Preview 
2-1 Yes/No Question with Be 
2-2 Short Answers to Yes/No Questions 
2-3 Questions with Be: Using Where 
2-4 Using Have and Has 
2-5 Using My, Your, His, Her, Our, Their 
2-6 Using This and That 
2-7 Using These and Those 
2-8 Asking Questions with What and Who + Be 
Review
3 
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW 
Is Chile a country? 
yes no 
Chile is a country.
4 
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW 
Is socce r a s port? 
yes no 
Soccer is a sport.
5 
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW 
Is Paris a c o u ntry? 
yes no 
Paris is a city.
6 
2-1 YES/NO QUESTIONS WITH BE 
Is Mark at school today?
7 
2-1 YES/NO QUESTIONS WITH BE 
QUESTION STATEMENT 
BE + SUBJECT SUBJECT + BE 
(a) Is Mark home? Mark is home. 
(b) Are they bugs? They are bugs. 
(?) for questions 
be subject 
(.) for statements 
subject be
8 
Is the baby a girl? 
2-1 Let’s Practice 
Question: _______________ 
Answer: Yes, the baby is a girl.
9 
2-1 Let’s Practice 
Question: _A_re_ _a_n_ts_ b_u_g_s_?_ 
Answer: Yes, ants are bugs.
10 
2-1 Let’s Practice 
Question: _Is_ i_c_e _c_re_a_m_ _c_o_ld_? 
Answer: Yes, ice cream is cold.
11 
2-2 SHORT ANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS 
Is George happy?
12 
2-2 SHORT ANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS 
QUESTION SHORT ANSWER 
(a) Is George happy? Yes, he is. 
not: Yes, he’s.
13 
2-2 SHORT ANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS 
QUESTION SHORT ANSWER 
Is he happy? No, he is not. 
No, he isn’t.
14 
2-2 SHORT ANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS 
QUESTION SHORT ANSWER 
(b) Are they bugs? Yes, they are. 
not: Yes, they’re.
15 
2-2 SHORT ANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS 
QUESTION SHORT ANSWER 
(c) Are you happy? Yes, I am. 
not:Yes, I’m.
16 
2-2 SHORT ANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS 
Cornroect? 
Yes, he’s. 
Yes, they’re. 
Yes, I’m.
17 
2-2 Let’s Practice 
A: ____ Are 
you afraid of lions? 
B: Yes, ____. 
I am 
A: ____ Are 
you afraid of dogs? 
B: No, ______ I’m not 
afraid of dogs. 
I like dogs.
18 
2-2 Let’s Practice 
A: Are limes sour? 
B: Yes, _______ they are 
. 
A: ___ Are 
limes red? 
B: No, limes ____are 
green. 
A: Are _____ limes 
expensive? 
B: No, _________. 
they aren’t
19 
2-3 QUESTIONS WITH BE: USING WHERE 
Where is the glass?
20 
2-3 QUESTIONS WITH BE: USING WHERE 
Question Short Answer + Long Answer 
BE + SUBJECT 
(a) Is the glass on the table? 
Yes, it is. The glass is on the table.
21 
2-3 QUESTIONS WITH BE: USING WHERE 
Question Short Answer + Long Answer 
BE + SUBJECT 
(b) Are the glasses on the table? 
Yes, they are. 
The glasses are on the table.
22 
2-3 QUESTIONS WITH BE: USING WHERE 
Question Short Answer + Long Answer 
WHERE + BE + SUBJECT 
(c) Where is the glass? 
On the table. 
The glass is on the table.
23 
2-3 QUESTIONS WITH BE: USING WHERE 
Question Short Answer + Long Answer 
WHERE + BE + SUBJECT 
(d) Where are the glasses? 
On the table. The glasses are on the table. 
wher e be
24 
Long Answer 
Tokyo is in 
Japan. 
2-3 Let’s Practice 
Is Tokyo 
in Japan? 
Short Answer 
Yes, 
it is.
25 
The boy is in the pool. 
Where 
is the 
boy? In the 
pool. Long Answer 
2-3 Let’s Practice 
Short Answer
26 
2-4 USING HAVE AND HAS 
I have a butterfly.
27 
SINGULAR PLURAL 
(a) I have a book. 
(b) You have a book. 
(c) She has a book. 
(d) He has a book. 
(e) It has a red cover. 
(f) We have books. 
(g) You have books. 
(h) They have books. 
2-4 USING HAVE AND HAS
28 
2-4 USING HAVE AND HAS 
I 
you 
we 
they 
+ has 
she 
he 
it 
+ have
29 
2-4 Let’s Practice 
has have 
James __h_a_s a new desk.
30 
2-4 Let’s Practice 
has have 
Dogs __h_a_v efour feet.
31 
2-4 Let’s Practice 
has have 
The girl __h_a_s a cold.
32 
has 
You _____ have 
a special 
grammar book. 
2-4 Let’s Practice 
have
33 
2-5 USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR 
My apple is red.
34 
SINGULAR 
(a) I have an apple. 
My apple is red. 
(b) You have an apple. 
Your apple is red. 
SUBJECT 
FORM 
I 
POSSESSIVE 
FORM 
my 
you 
your 
2-5 USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR
35 
SINGULAR SUBJECT 
(c) She has an apple. 
Her apple is red. 
(d) He has an apple. 
His apple is red. 
FORM 
POSSESSIVE 
FORM 
her 
he 
his 
2-5 USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR 
she
36 
PLURAL SUBJECT 
(e) We have apples. 
Our apples are red. 
(f) You have an apple. 
Your apple is red. 
FORM 
POSSESSIVE 
FORM 
you 
your 
2-5 USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR 
we 
our
37 
PLURAL SUBJECT 
(g) They have apples. 
Their apples are red. 
FORM 
POSSESSIVE 
FORM 
2-5 USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR 
they 
their 
possessive nouns 
adjectives
38 
2-5 Let’s Practice 
my your her his our their 
Koji is wearing shoes. 
H__is_ shoes are black.
39 
Ellada and Jena are 
wearing jeans. 
T_h_e_i_r jeans are blue. 
2-5 Let’s Practice 
my your her his our their
40 
2-5 Let’s Practice 
my your her his our their 
She is wearing boots. 
H__e_r boots are old.
41 
Dirk is wearing a hat. 
_H_is_ hat is blue. 
2-5 Let’s Practice 
my your her his our their
42 
Ben h_a_s_ a coat. 
_H_is_ coat is brown. 
2-5 Let’s Practice 
His 
have has 
my your her his our their
43 
2-5 Let’s Practice 
have has 
my your her his our their 
Steve and Tia ____ 
have 
a car. 
Their 
____ car is old.
44 
Susan ____ has 
a book. 
____ Her book is very big. 
2-5 Let’s Practice 
have has 
my your her his our their
45 
2-5 Let’s Practice 
have has 
my your her his our their 
We _h_a_v_e_ a new 
house. 
_O_u_r_ house is small.
46 
2-6 USING THIS AND THAT 
That horse is tall.
47 
2-6 USING THIS AND THAT 
(a) I have a pen in my 
hand. 
This pen is old. 
this pe n = n ear me 
(b) I see a pen on the floor. 
That pen is new. 
that pen = not near 
me, far away
48 
2-6 USING THIS AND THAT 
(c) This is my pen. 
(d) That is your pen. 
(e) That’s her book. 
CONTRACTION: that is = that’s 
(f) This is (“This’s”) her book. 
speaking only 
not writing
49 
2-6 Let’s Practice 
this that 
T_h_i_s is our car.
50 
2-6 Let’s Practice 
this that 
This is our car. _T_h_a_t is his car.
51 
2-6 Let’s Practice 
this that 
T_h_i_s is my dog.
52 
2-6 Let’s Practice 
this that 
This is my dog. T_h_a_t is his dog.
53 
2-7 USING THESE AND THOSE 
These are my shoes.
54 
SINGULAR PLURAL 
(a) My shoes are next 
to me. 
These are my shoes. this these 
(b) Your shoes are in 
the kitchen. 
Those are your shoes. 
that those 
2-7 USING THESE AND THOSE 
SINGULAR PLURAL
55 
2-7 Let’s Practice 
this these 
T_h_i_s cake is for Jill.
This 
this these 
___ zebra is near. 
56 
_____ zebras are 
far away. 
Those 
2-7 Let’s Practice 
that those
57 
2-7 Let’s Practice 
this these that those 
_T_he_s_e_ cats are young. T_h_a_t cat is old.
2-7 Let’s Practice 
this these that those 
T_h_o_s_e_ people are happy. 
58 
T_h_i_s man is sad. 
is sad.
59 
2-8 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE 
What is this?
60 
2-8 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE 
(a) What is this (thing)? 
It is a kitten.
61 
2-8 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE 
(a) What is this (thing)? 
(b) Who is that (girl)? 
That is Katerina.
62 
2-8 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE 
(a) What is this (thing)? 
(b) Who is that (girl)? 
(c) What are those (things)? 
They’re carrots.
63 
2-8 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE 
(a) What is this (thing)? 
(b) Who is that (girl)? 
(c) What are those (things)? 
(d) Who are they? 
They’re my friends.
2-8 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE 
(c) What are those (things)? 
(d) Who are they? 
64 
(a) What is this (thing)? 
(b) Who is that (girl)? 
What things Who people 
airse spinlugrualla wr owrodrd
65 
2-8 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE 
(e) What’s this? 
CONTRACTIONS 
what is = what’s 
(f) Who’s that girl? 
who is = who’s
66 
2-8 Let’s Practice 
what who 
is are 
_W__h_a_t __ is 
her favorite sport? 
She likes to play soccer.
67 
2-8 Let’s Practice 
what who 
is are 
_W_h_o_ _a_re_ your friends? 
Yuji and Fatima are my friends.
68 
2-8 Let’s Practice 
what who 
is are 
_W_h_o_ _i_s_ that? 
That is my English teacher.
69 
what who 
is are 
_____ ___ are 
their names? 
2-8 Let’s Practice 
What 
Carlos and Lee.
70 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW 
Correct ? no 
My math teacher are nice. 
My math teacher is nice.
71 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW 
Correct? 
no 
She is n’t home.
72 
Cnoorrect? 
Those is his dog. 
That is his 
dog. 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW
73 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW 
Correct? no 
This is she house. 
This _________ is her 
house.
74 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW 
Correct? no 
That car it is red. That car is red.
75 
am is are 
+ not 
(where needed) 
is not 
Paris ______ a country. 
Paris ______ is 
a city. 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW
76 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW 
am is are 
+ not 
(where needed) 
are 
Ducks ______ birds, but 
cows _a_re_ _n_o_t birds.
77 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW 
am is are 
+ not 
(where needed) 
are not 
are 
Dogs _______ birds. 
Dogs _______ animals.
78 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW 
am is are 
+ not 
(where needed) 
am not 
am 
I _______ at home. 
I ______ at school.
79 
is am 
Hello, my name ___ Marta. I ___ from 
Chile. I am 
___ twenty years old. 
___ My mother ___ is 
forty years old, and 
___ my 
sister and brother ___ are 
the same 
age. They ___ are 
fifteen. _____ Their 
names 
___ are 
Juanita and Esteban. 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW
80 
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW : AM, IS, OR ARE 
My name ___ is Rolf. I ____ am 
from 
Germany. I ____ am 
thirty years old. 
Anna is ___ my wife. She ___ is 
thirty years 
old too. We _____ two daughters. 
They ___ nine and six years old. 
are 
have
81 
PHOTO CREDITS 
Images used under license from: 
• Shutterstock, Inc. 
• Clipart.com

Chapter 02

  • 2.
    CONTENTS Preview 2-1Yes/No Question with Be 2-2 Short Answers to Yes/No Questions 2-3 Questions with Be: Using Where 2-4 Using Have and Has 2-5 Using My, Your, His, Her, Our, Their 2-6 Using This and That 2-7 Using These and Those 2-8 Asking Questions with What and Who + Be Review
  • 3.
    3 CHAPTER 2:PREVIEW Is Chile a country? yes no Chile is a country.
  • 4.
    4 CHAPTER 2:PREVIEW Is socce r a s port? yes no Soccer is a sport.
  • 5.
    5 CHAPTER 2:PREVIEW Is Paris a c o u ntry? yes no Paris is a city.
  • 6.
    6 2-1 YES/NOQUESTIONS WITH BE Is Mark at school today?
  • 7.
    7 2-1 YES/NOQUESTIONS WITH BE QUESTION STATEMENT BE + SUBJECT SUBJECT + BE (a) Is Mark home? Mark is home. (b) Are they bugs? They are bugs. (?) for questions be subject (.) for statements subject be
  • 8.
    8 Is thebaby a girl? 2-1 Let’s Practice Question: _______________ Answer: Yes, the baby is a girl.
  • 9.
    9 2-1 Let’sPractice Question: _A_re_ _a_n_ts_ b_u_g_s_?_ Answer: Yes, ants are bugs.
  • 10.
    10 2-1 Let’sPractice Question: _Is_ i_c_e _c_re_a_m_ _c_o_ld_? Answer: Yes, ice cream is cold.
  • 11.
    11 2-2 SHORTANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS Is George happy?
  • 12.
    12 2-2 SHORTANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS QUESTION SHORT ANSWER (a) Is George happy? Yes, he is. not: Yes, he’s.
  • 13.
    13 2-2 SHORTANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS QUESTION SHORT ANSWER Is he happy? No, he is not. No, he isn’t.
  • 14.
    14 2-2 SHORTANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS QUESTION SHORT ANSWER (b) Are they bugs? Yes, they are. not: Yes, they’re.
  • 15.
    15 2-2 SHORTANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS QUESTION SHORT ANSWER (c) Are you happy? Yes, I am. not:Yes, I’m.
  • 16.
    16 2-2 SHORTANSWERS TO YES/NO QUESTIONS Cornroect? Yes, he’s. Yes, they’re. Yes, I’m.
  • 17.
    17 2-2 Let’sPractice A: ____ Are you afraid of lions? B: Yes, ____. I am A: ____ Are you afraid of dogs? B: No, ______ I’m not afraid of dogs. I like dogs.
  • 18.
    18 2-2 Let’sPractice A: Are limes sour? B: Yes, _______ they are . A: ___ Are limes red? B: No, limes ____are green. A: Are _____ limes expensive? B: No, _________. they aren’t
  • 19.
    19 2-3 QUESTIONSWITH BE: USING WHERE Where is the glass?
  • 20.
    20 2-3 QUESTIONSWITH BE: USING WHERE Question Short Answer + Long Answer BE + SUBJECT (a) Is the glass on the table? Yes, it is. The glass is on the table.
  • 21.
    21 2-3 QUESTIONSWITH BE: USING WHERE Question Short Answer + Long Answer BE + SUBJECT (b) Are the glasses on the table? Yes, they are. The glasses are on the table.
  • 22.
    22 2-3 QUESTIONSWITH BE: USING WHERE Question Short Answer + Long Answer WHERE + BE + SUBJECT (c) Where is the glass? On the table. The glass is on the table.
  • 23.
    23 2-3 QUESTIONSWITH BE: USING WHERE Question Short Answer + Long Answer WHERE + BE + SUBJECT (d) Where are the glasses? On the table. The glasses are on the table. wher e be
  • 24.
    24 Long Answer Tokyo is in Japan. 2-3 Let’s Practice Is Tokyo in Japan? Short Answer Yes, it is.
  • 25.
    25 The boyis in the pool. Where is the boy? In the pool. Long Answer 2-3 Let’s Practice Short Answer
  • 26.
    26 2-4 USINGHAVE AND HAS I have a butterfly.
  • 27.
    27 SINGULAR PLURAL (a) I have a book. (b) You have a book. (c) She has a book. (d) He has a book. (e) It has a red cover. (f) We have books. (g) You have books. (h) They have books. 2-4 USING HAVE AND HAS
  • 28.
    28 2-4 USINGHAVE AND HAS I you we they + has she he it + have
  • 29.
    29 2-4 Let’sPractice has have James __h_a_s a new desk.
  • 30.
    30 2-4 Let’sPractice has have Dogs __h_a_v efour feet.
  • 31.
    31 2-4 Let’sPractice has have The girl __h_a_s a cold.
  • 32.
    32 has You_____ have a special grammar book. 2-4 Let’s Practice have
  • 33.
    33 2-5 USINGMY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR My apple is red.
  • 34.
    34 SINGULAR (a)I have an apple. My apple is red. (b) You have an apple. Your apple is red. SUBJECT FORM I POSSESSIVE FORM my you your 2-5 USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR
  • 35.
    35 SINGULAR SUBJECT (c) She has an apple. Her apple is red. (d) He has an apple. His apple is red. FORM POSSESSIVE FORM her he his 2-5 USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR she
  • 36.
    36 PLURAL SUBJECT (e) We have apples. Our apples are red. (f) You have an apple. Your apple is red. FORM POSSESSIVE FORM you your 2-5 USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR we our
  • 37.
    37 PLURAL SUBJECT (g) They have apples. Their apples are red. FORM POSSESSIVE FORM 2-5 USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR they their possessive nouns adjectives
  • 38.
    38 2-5 Let’sPractice my your her his our their Koji is wearing shoes. H__is_ shoes are black.
  • 39.
    39 Ellada andJena are wearing jeans. T_h_e_i_r jeans are blue. 2-5 Let’s Practice my your her his our their
  • 40.
    40 2-5 Let’sPractice my your her his our their She is wearing boots. H__e_r boots are old.
  • 41.
    41 Dirk iswearing a hat. _H_is_ hat is blue. 2-5 Let’s Practice my your her his our their
  • 42.
    42 Ben h_a_s_a coat. _H_is_ coat is brown. 2-5 Let’s Practice His have has my your her his our their
  • 43.
    43 2-5 Let’sPractice have has my your her his our their Steve and Tia ____ have a car. Their ____ car is old.
  • 44.
    44 Susan ____has a book. ____ Her book is very big. 2-5 Let’s Practice have has my your her his our their
  • 45.
    45 2-5 Let’sPractice have has my your her his our their We _h_a_v_e_ a new house. _O_u_r_ house is small.
  • 46.
    46 2-6 USINGTHIS AND THAT That horse is tall.
  • 47.
    47 2-6 USINGTHIS AND THAT (a) I have a pen in my hand. This pen is old. this pe n = n ear me (b) I see a pen on the floor. That pen is new. that pen = not near me, far away
  • 48.
    48 2-6 USINGTHIS AND THAT (c) This is my pen. (d) That is your pen. (e) That’s her book. CONTRACTION: that is = that’s (f) This is (“This’s”) her book. speaking only not writing
  • 49.
    49 2-6 Let’sPractice this that T_h_i_s is our car.
  • 50.
    50 2-6 Let’sPractice this that This is our car. _T_h_a_t is his car.
  • 51.
    51 2-6 Let’sPractice this that T_h_i_s is my dog.
  • 52.
    52 2-6 Let’sPractice this that This is my dog. T_h_a_t is his dog.
  • 53.
    53 2-7 USINGTHESE AND THOSE These are my shoes.
  • 54.
    54 SINGULAR PLURAL (a) My shoes are next to me. These are my shoes. this these (b) Your shoes are in the kitchen. Those are your shoes. that those 2-7 USING THESE AND THOSE SINGULAR PLURAL
  • 55.
    55 2-7 Let’sPractice this these T_h_i_s cake is for Jill.
  • 56.
    This this these ___ zebra is near. 56 _____ zebras are far away. Those 2-7 Let’s Practice that those
  • 57.
    57 2-7 Let’sPractice this these that those _T_he_s_e_ cats are young. T_h_a_t cat is old.
  • 58.
    2-7 Let’s Practice this these that those T_h_o_s_e_ people are happy. 58 T_h_i_s man is sad. is sad.
  • 59.
    59 2-8 ASKINGQUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE What is this?
  • 60.
    60 2-8 ASKINGQUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE (a) What is this (thing)? It is a kitten.
  • 61.
    61 2-8 ASKINGQUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE (a) What is this (thing)? (b) Who is that (girl)? That is Katerina.
  • 62.
    62 2-8 ASKINGQUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE (a) What is this (thing)? (b) Who is that (girl)? (c) What are those (things)? They’re carrots.
  • 63.
    63 2-8 ASKINGQUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE (a) What is this (thing)? (b) Who is that (girl)? (c) What are those (things)? (d) Who are they? They’re my friends.
  • 64.
    2-8 ASKING QUESTIONSWITH WHAT AND WHO + BE (c) What are those (things)? (d) Who are they? 64 (a) What is this (thing)? (b) Who is that (girl)? What things Who people airse spinlugrualla wr owrodrd
  • 65.
    65 2-8 ASKINGQUESTIONS WITH WHAT AND WHO + BE (e) What’s this? CONTRACTIONS what is = what’s (f) Who’s that girl? who is = who’s
  • 66.
    66 2-8 Let’sPractice what who is are _W__h_a_t __ is her favorite sport? She likes to play soccer.
  • 67.
    67 2-8 Let’sPractice what who is are _W_h_o_ _a_re_ your friends? Yuji and Fatima are my friends.
  • 68.
    68 2-8 Let’sPractice what who is are _W_h_o_ _i_s_ that? That is my English teacher.
  • 69.
    69 what who is are _____ ___ are their names? 2-8 Let’s Practice What Carlos and Lee.
  • 70.
    70 CHAPTER 2:REVIEW Correct ? no My math teacher are nice. My math teacher is nice.
  • 71.
    71 CHAPTER 2:REVIEW Correct? no She is n’t home.
  • 72.
    72 Cnoorrect? Thoseis his dog. That is his dog. CHAPTER 2: REVIEW
  • 73.
    73 CHAPTER 2:REVIEW Correct? no This is she house. This _________ is her house.
  • 74.
    74 CHAPTER 2:REVIEW Correct? no That car it is red. That car is red.
  • 75.
    75 am isare + not (where needed) is not Paris ______ a country. Paris ______ is a city. CHAPTER 2: REVIEW
  • 76.
    76 CHAPTER 2:REVIEW am is are + not (where needed) are Ducks ______ birds, but cows _a_re_ _n_o_t birds.
  • 77.
    77 CHAPTER 2:REVIEW am is are + not (where needed) are not are Dogs _______ birds. Dogs _______ animals.
  • 78.
    78 CHAPTER 2:REVIEW am is are + not (where needed) am not am I _______ at home. I ______ at school.
  • 79.
    79 is am Hello, my name ___ Marta. I ___ from Chile. I am ___ twenty years old. ___ My mother ___ is forty years old, and ___ my sister and brother ___ are the same age. They ___ are fifteen. _____ Their names ___ are Juanita and Esteban. CHAPTER 2: REVIEW
  • 80.
    80 CHAPTER 2:REVIEW : AM, IS, OR ARE My name ___ is Rolf. I ____ am from Germany. I ____ am thirty years old. Anna is ___ my wife. She ___ is thirty years old too. We _____ two daughters. They ___ nine and six years old. are have
  • 81.
    81 PHOTO CREDITS Images used under license from: • Shutterstock, Inc. • Clipart.com