This document discusses community health problems and solid waste management. It begins by listing common community health problems such as human excreta and sewage, disease control, waste disposal, food sanitation, water supply, and drug abuse. It then classifies solid wastes based on whether they are biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Various types of solid wastes are defined and their sources listed. The document concludes by discussing segregating solid waste at its source into biodegradable, non-recyclable, and recyclable categories for appropriate disposal.

1. Nies and McEwen: Chapter 13
ATI: 12 pages 106- 108
LESSON 2
COMMUNITY HEALTH
PROBLEMS

2. Objectives
• Enumerate the different
community health
problems
• Recognize the value
produce by health
environment

3. COMMUNITY
HEALTH
PROBLEMS
Human Excreta
and Sewage
Disease Control
Peace and Order
Waste Disposal
Food Sanitation
Water Supply
Drug Abuse,
Prevention and
Control
WATER-BORNE
AND
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
ARMED
CONFLICTS
NATURAL
DISASTERS
HIGHLY
URBANIZED
ZONE
OVERPOPULAT
ION
COMMUNITY HEALTH
PROBLEMS

4. 4
Classification based on type
Biodegradable Non-biodegradable
consist of organic
matter and can be
degraded
consist of
inorganic and
recyclable
materials which
cannot be
degraded
Paper, food waste, vegetables and
fruit peels, wood, etc.
Plastics,Glass,Metals

5. Type Description Source
Garbage Wastes from the preparation, cooking and serving of food,
market refuse, waste from the handling, storage, and sale of
produce and meat.
Households, institutions and
commercial concerns such
as hotels, stores,
restaurants, market, etc
Combustible
& non-
combustible
Combustible (primarily organic) paper, cardboard, cartons,
wood, boxes, plastic, rags, cloth, bedding, leather, rubber,
grass, leaves, yard trimmings etc.
Ashes Residue from fires used for cooking and for heating building
cinders
5
Classification of solid wastes

6. Type Description Source
Bulky
wastes
Large auto parts, tyres, stoves, refrigerators,
other large appliances, furniture, large crates,
trees branches, stumps etc
Streets, sidewalks,
alleys, vacant plots
etc.
Street
wastes
Street sweepings, dirt, leaves etc.
Dead
animals
Dogs, cats, rats, donkeys etc.
Abandone
d vehicles
Automobiles and spare parts
Constructi
on &
demolition
wastes
Roofing and sheathing scraps, rubble, broken
concrete, plaster, conduit pipe, wire, insulation
etc
Construction and
demolition sites
6
Classification of solid wastes

7. Type Description Source
Industrial
wastes
Solid wastes resulting from industrial processes
and manufacturing operations, such as food
processing wastes, boiler house cinders, wood,
plastic and metal scraps, shaving etc.
Factories, power
plants etc
Hazardou
s wastes
Pathological wastes, explosives, radioactive
materials etc.
Households,
hospitals,
institutions,stores,
industry etc
Animals &
agricultur
al wastes
Manure, crop residues etc. Livestock, farms,
feedlots and
agriculture
Sewage
treatment
residue
Coarse screening grit, septic tank sludge,
dewatered sludge.
Sewage treatment
plants and septic
tanks.
7
Classification of solid wastes

8. 8
Category Type of waste Approximate time taken
to degenerate
Biodegradable
Organic waste such as
vegetable and fruit
peels, food waste etc
A week or two
Paper Upto 30 days
Cotton cloth 2-5 months
Woollen items 1 year
Wood upto15 years
Non-biodegradable Tin, aluminum, and
other metal items such
as cans
100-500 years
Plastic bags One million years?
Glass bottles Undetermined
Degeneration Time-Solid Wastes

9. 9

10. 10

12. SOLID WASTE
SEGREGATION AT SOURCE
Biodegradable Non-Recyclable Recyclable
Municipal Dumpsite
Sorted and stored
MRF
Sold to Recyclers
(junk shops)
Collection by hog
raisers or
site composting
COMPOST
Collection by
Municipality

13. 13