This document provides an overview of local governance systems in India. It describes that India has 28 states and 7 union territories, with states having either unicameral or bicameral parliaments. It also outlines the three-tier rural local governance system of panchayats consisting of village-level gram panchayats, block-level panchayat samitis, and district-level zila parishads. For urban areas, it details the different types of local bodies including municipal corporations for large cities, municipalities or nagar palikas for mid-sized towns, and nagar panchayats for smaller urban centers.

1. Governance in Sub-Continent (India)
Local Governance
Mr. ABBAS ALI

2. Governance in Sub-Continent

3. India
 Emblem
 Capital New Delhi
 Largest City Mumbai
 Official Languages Hindi / Eng
 Area: 32,87,590 KM2
 GDP: $6266 Per Capita
 Population: 1,276,267,000
 Religions
 Hindu 79.8%
 Muslim 14.2%
 Christian 2.3%
 Sikh & others 1.7%

4. Basic Structure

5. Local Governance in India
 28 states
 Seven union territories.
 State governors are appointed by the president for 5-
year
 States have either unicameral or bicameral
parliaments and have jurisdiction over police and
public order, agriculture, education, public health,
and local government.
 The federal government has jurisdiction over any
matter not specifically reserved for the states.
 President may intervene in state affairs during
emergencies and may even suspend a state's
government.

6. Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Republic

8. Cont…

9. Lower House (Lok-Sabha)
 The lower house, the People's Assembly (Lok Sabha),
 Elected every five years.
 It may be dissolved earlier by the president.
 It is composed of 545 members.
 543 apportioned among the states.
 Two chosen by the president.

10. Upper House (Rajya-Sabha)
 The upper house, the Council of States (Elected by
States)
 250 members.
 The great majority are apportioned by state
 Each state's delegates are chosen by its elected
assembly.
 12 members are appointed by the president.
 In addition, one member represents the union
territory of Puducherry.
 Members serve for six years, with one third retiring
every other year

11. Rural Local Governance system
 Panchayat Raj System
(Three Tier System)
Foundation of Indian Political System. (Mahatma Gandhi)
 Gram Panchayat:
Village,small town level or Group of Villages.
Elected Sarpanch, (chairman), 5 years, focal person, some proposals,
 Panchayat Samiti:
Block (tehsil) Level Panchayat.
 Zila Parishad:
Panchayati Raj, Dist. Level Panchayat.
 3 Million elected rep. at all levels,
 580,000 villages
 99.6% of rural population

12. Urban Local Government
 Municipal Corporation:
It is the topmost of urban local government and is for an urban
area/centre with population above 3 lacs.
 Councilors:
Members of the Municipal Corporation are elected on the basis of
universal adult suffrage for a period of five years and they are called
Councillors.
 Municipal Commissioners and Mayors:
He is an Indian Administrative Services official appointed by the state
government and has the executive powers of the government of
Municipal Corporations. The other executives known as the Mayor
and Deputy Mayor are political executives elected for a period of one
year by the members of the Corporation. The Mayor is the titular
head of the corporation and presides over the meetings of the
corporation.

13. Municipal Councils or Municipalities
 Nagar Palika (Municipality)
Administers a city of 100,000 or more. Members are elected for 5
years. Town is divided into wards as per population. Members elect
president among themselves for representation of meetings.
 Responsible for:
Water, hospital, roads, street lighting, drainage, fire brigades, market
places, record of births and deaths, solid waste management.
 Source of Income:
Different types of taxes on water, markets, vehicles etc

14. MUNICIPAL GOVT. IN VERY SMALL CITIES
 Nagar Panchayats:
(Notified Area Council or City Council)
 It is for an urban area/centre
 Having population of more than 30,000 and less than 100,000 inhabitants.
 Have Mayor/chairman(NAC) with ward members.
 Membership consists of a minimum of ten elected ward members and
three nominated members.
 It consist of a Block Development Officer (commonly known as Executive
Officer), who is the chief of all administration.

15. SOME OTHER MUNICIPAL BODIES
 Town Area Committee:
 Township:
 Cantonment Board:

16. Ref
 Article of Ms. Puja Mandal
www.yourarticlelibrary.com
 Wikipedia