The document discusses the environmental challenges faced by the Mediterranean marine ecosystem, emphasizing the significant role of rivers in nutrient management and marine productivity. It highlights key sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, particularly from agricultural and urban activities, and details initiatives like the MedPartnership aimed at integrated coastal zone management and environmental protection. The importance of collaborative efforts between countries and organizations for sustainable management of coastal resources is underscored.

1. COASTAL AND MARINE
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
Ivica T
I i Trumbic, UNEP/MAP
bi

3. • The Mediterranean hydrologic drainage basin stretches over
more than 5 million km2
km2.
• Rivers play a particular role in the water circulation,
geochemistry and ultimately in sustaining the marine
productivity in the Mediterranean Sea
• 10 largest rivers of the Mediterranean Sea are the Rhone,
Po, D i Buna, Nile, N
P Drin- B Nil Neretva, Eb Tib Adi
Ebro, Tiber, Adige, S h
Seyhan
and Ceyhan
• Of the three continents (Europe, Asia, and Africa) which
(Europe Asia
discharge into the Mediterranean Sea, dominant
contributions are from Europe
• About 25% of total discharge occurs in the Adriatic

5. • Many developed coastal areas of the Mediterranean suffer from the effects of an
increased influx of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorous
• Sources i l d untreated h
S include t t d human sewage, animal waste, t
i l t transportation,
t ti
fertilizers, and industrial discharges
• For nitrogen the largest emitters are urban wastewater treatment (31%),
livestock farming (
g (19%), and the metal industry (11%)
), y( )
• The main sources of phosphorus emissions are from fertilizer manufacturing
(63%), livestock farming (20%), and urban wastewater treatment (8%)
• Agriculture has been identified as the largest non-point source of pollutants to
the
th
• The basins draining into the Mediterranean Sea cover a total area of about 1.9
million km2 (excluding the upper Nile Basin) and include 24 countries
• Nutrients in run-off reach the sea via transport through groundwater wetlands
run off groundwater, wetlands,
rivers and lakes..
• While the overall inputs of nitrogen (about 1.5-4.5 million tonnes per year) and
phosphorous (about 0.1-0.4 million tonnes per year) are relatively low compared
to other seas (e.g., Black Sea), nonetheless, these nutrients are problematic in
(e g Sea) nonetheless
coastal areas.

8. • Barcelona Convention and its Protocols
• Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities
(adopted 1980, in force 1983 (LBS Protocol,
amended 1996, in force 2008)),
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (
g g (ICZM
Protocol, adopted 2008, in force 2011)

9. What is MedPartnership?
A collective effort for the protection of the
environmental resources of the Mediterranean
It is led by UNEP/MAP and the World Bank, co-
funded by GEF and involving other relevant
international cooperation Agencies, International
Financial Institutions (IFIs) and bilateral and
multilateral donors

10. Objectives
j
Implement the Strategic Action Programmes and National
Action Plans
Implement ICZM Protocol
Leverage long-term financing for environmental protection
Ensure, through the replication process, that the follow-up
embedded in the Barcelona Convention and MAP system

11. What?
Partnership: UNEP/MAP and World Bank
12 countries and Palestine Authority
12 executing partners
6 big donors + countries’ and agencies co-financing
countries agencies’
2 major components: Regional Project and Investment
Fund
4 sub-components and more than 10 investment projects
46 demonstration projects
50 mil. USD Regional Project; 75 mil. USD Investment Fund

12. Regional Project: Components and
Sub-components
Component 1
Integrated Approaches for the Implementation of th SAP and NAPs:
I t t d A h f th I l t ti f the SAPs d NAP
ICZM, IWRM and Management of Coastal Aquifers
1.1 Management of coastal Aquifers
1.2. Integrated Coastal Zone Management
1.3. Integrated Water resource Management
Component 2 SAPMED Component 4 SAPBIO Component 3
Pollution from Land- Project Coordination, Conservation of
based activities including Replication and Biological Diversity:
POPs: Implementation of Communication Implementation of SAP-
SAPMED and related strategies, and BIO and related NAPs
NAPs Management and M&E 3.1.Conservation of Coastal
2.1 Facilitation of policy 4.1. Project Coordination, Marine Diversity through
and legislation reforms for Management and M&E the development of a
pollution control (sus financing) Mediterranean MPA
2.2 Transfer of 4.2 Information and Network
Environmentally Sound Communication Strategies 3.2. Promote the
Technology (TEST-MED)
gy ( ) 4.3. Replication Strategy sustainable use of fisheries
2.3. Environmentally sound resources in the
management of equipment, Mediterranean through the
stocks and wastes development and
containing or contaminated application of Ecosystem-
by PCBs in national based Management
electricity companies of
y p Approaches
Mediterranean countries

13. Coastal zone, water and
aquifer management
q g
Sub-comp 1.1. Aquifers and groundwater: Sub-com 1.2: Integrated Coastal Zone
1.1.1 Assessment of risk and uncertainty related to Management (ICZM)
Mediterranean coastal aquifers; 1.2.1. Support activities in preparation of
1.1.2. Regional Actions for Coastal Aquifer National ICZM Strategies and National
Management Action Plans;
1.1.3.Legislative, institutional and p
g , policy reforms
y 1.2.2. Application of ICZM approach,
for Coastal Aquifer Management; tools and techniques in demonstration
areas;
Sub-com 1.3: Integrated Water Resource Management
g g
(IWRM):
1.3.1. Contribute to develop the Union for the
Mediterranean (UfM) Strategy for Water in the
Mediterranean
1.3.3. Catalyze Action and Build Capacity on National
IWRM Planning
1.3.3. Develop IRBM and dialogue in globally important
river basin(s) and adjacent coastal area
( ) j

14. Croatia
1.1.2.5 Implementation of eco- 1.2.1.3 Case study on implications 2.1.7. to 2.1.9.
hydrogeology applications for of ratification of ICM Protocol on Permit, Inspection
management and protection national legislation (PAP/RAC) and Compliance
of coastal wetlands (UNESCO Systems (MEDPOL)
IHP)
1.1.1.2 Coastal aquifer
1.1.1.2 Coastal vulnerability mapping,
aquifer Novljanska Žrnovnica 3.1.4.4:
vulnerability karstic spring
a st c sp g Demonstration
mapping, Pula (UNESCO IHP) Project on financial
coastal aquifer sustainability
(UNESCO IHP) mechanisms for at
least three new
MPAs in different
3.1.2.4 Inception, planning, zoning areas (RAC/SPA) -
and development of new MPAs – Vis Montenegro,
Island (RAC/SPA) Croatia, Albania
3.1.2.5 Identification of local
stakeholder participation mechanism
for the pilot MPAs 3.1.3.7 Demonstration
3.1.3.2 Organize specific technical Project in Croatia:
assistance and exchange/twining Management and M&E
programmes to provide on-site
on site plans for the existing
assistance to new-MPAs managers, MPAs - Lastovo, Mijiet,
practitioners and relevant authorities Telascica, Brijuni, Kornati
(WWF-MedPO)

15. Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2.1.7. to 2.1.9. Permit, 3.1.2.3 Characterization of
Inspection and priority marine sites suitable to
Compliance Systems become MPAs - country coast
(MEDPOL) - Bosnia- assessment in Montenegro,
Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina and
Morocco (RAC/SPA)
3.1.2.1
3 1 2 1 Establish priority activities
needed to create MPAs in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lebanon,
Libya, Montenegro and Syria
(RAC/SPA)

16. Albania
1.2.2.1 ICZM Plan in demo area 1.2.1.2 Support to the
1.1.2.2 Integration of groundwater of high environmental sensitivity preparation of ICZM
management in ICZM and IWRM (PAP/RAC) Montenegro-Bojana
Montenegro Bojana NAPs (PAP/RAC) -
planning systems (UNESCO IHP) ICZM Plan and Albania - Buna Albania
Bojana Bay ICZM Plan
1.3.3. Develop IRBM and dialogue
in globally important river basin(s)
2.3. Environmentally Sound and adjacent coastal area (GWP-
Management of equipment, Med) - Buna river as part of the
stocks and wastes containing extended Drin river system
or contaminated by PCBs in
national electricity companies
of Mediterranean countries
2.1.7. to 2.1.9. Permit,
(MEDPOL) - Albania
Inspection and Compliance
Systems (MEDPOL) - Albania,
3.1.4.4: Demonstration Project
on financial sustainability
mechanisms for at least three 3.1.2.1 Establish priority activities needed to create MPAs in
new MPA i diff
MPAs in different areas
t Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lebanon, Libya, Montenegro and
(RAC/SPA) - Montenegro, Syria (RAC/SPA)
Croatia, Albania 3.1.2.3 Characterization of priority marine sites suitable to
become MPAs - country coast assessment in Montenegro,
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Morocco (RAC/SPA)

17. Ecosystem Approach
• Strategy for integrated management of land water and living resources
land,
that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way
(CBD)
• Places human needs at the centre of biodiversity management It aims
management.
to manage the ecosystem, based on the multiple functions that
ecosystem perform and the multiple uses that are made of these
functions.
functions The ecosystem aproach does not aim for short-term economic
short term
gains, but aims to optimize the use of an ecosystem without damaging it
(IUCN)

18. “Conventional” vs. Ecosystem Approach*
Conventional Approach
“Conventional” Ecosystem
approach approach
Top down Participatory
One objective: production Multiple objectives
Sectoral, individual resources Interaction with other sectors
Farm scale (local) most common Multiple (nested) scales
Predictive
P di ti Adaptive
Ad ti
Scientific knowledge Extended knowledge
Prescriptions Incentives
Corporate Public/Transparent
*adapted from FAO

19. MAP Project: Road Map
1. Definition f
1 D fi iti of an ecological Vi i f th M dit
l i l Vision for the Mediterranean.
2. Setting of common Mediterranean strategic goals.
3. Identification of important ecosystem properties and assessment of
ecological status and pressures.
l i l t t d
4. Development of a set of ecological objectives corresponding to the
Vision and strategic goals.
5. Derivation f
5 D i ti of operational objectives with i di t
ti l bj ti ith indicators and t
d target l
t levels.
l
6. Revision of existing monitoring programmes for ongoing
assessment and regular updating of targets.
7. Development
7 De elopment and review of rele ant action plans and programmes
re ie relevant

20. Vision
“ A healthy Mediterranean with marine and coastal
ecosystems that are productive and biologically
diverse for the benefit of present and future
generations”

21. Integrated Coastal Zone
Management
M t
• ICZM is a continuous proactive and adaptive process of resource
continuous,
management for environmentally sustainable development in coastal
areas
• ICZM requires a multidisciplinary approach, solution of problems within
i ltidi i li h l ti f bl ithi
“sectors” instead of transferring the problems to other “sectors”,
participation of all interested parties, as well as integration among
sectors, institutions and government levels
• ICZM requires a comprehensive understanding of the relationships
between coastal resources, their uses and the mutual impacts of
p
development on the economy and the environment

22. Guidelines

23. Cetina River Watershed
and Adjacent Coastal
Area

24. Basic Principles of ICARM
p
Respect the integrity of river basin and coastal ecosystems
accepting limits on the use of resources
p g
Ensure the strategic importance of renewable resources for
socio-economic development
Allow f the multiple use of resources integrating
All for h li l f i i
complementary activities and regulating/separating conflicting
ones
Ensure multi-sectoral and multi-level integration in decision
making linking broad scale management to local level
interventions
Allow for participation of all actors particularly local population
in the planning p
p g process to assure effective management
g

25. Focus for ICARM
At the local scale ICARM would be focused on:
• controlling key processes especially water and material/ sediment
flows
• managing critical socio-economic issues/factors;
• controlling waste/pollution
• assuring quantity and quality of water arriving downstream which is
important for coastal sediment budgets and for the conservation of
habitats, wetlands, deltas, estuaries
• protecting areas of high ecological value of mutual interest such as
wetlands, river d l
l d i deltas and estuaries
d i
• siting of projects and structures

26. At the national scale ICARM would be focused on:
• establishing a mechanism for co-ordinating goals and decisions of
all stakeholders
• integrating socio-economic considerations with natural and
environmental ones
• identifying and evaluating human pressures
• linking broader issues/changes with river basin and coastal
systems

27. At the international scale ICARM would focus on:
• establishing resource monitoring schemes
t bli hi it i h
• establishing large ecosystem management schemes

28. Ivica Trumbic
Project Manager
UNEP/MAP GEF
Strategic Partnership for the
g p
Mediterranean Large Marine
Ecosystem
MedPartnership
p
Athens, GREECE
www.medpartnership.org
Thank you!