Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae that commonly infects the urethra, cervix, and rectum. Common symptoms in men include discharge from the penis and painful urination, while women often experience abnormal vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain. The bacteria are transmitted through unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Without treatment, gonorrhea can cause serious complications like pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. It is usually treated effectively with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor.

1. Gonorrhea
Presented by Miss Sudipta Roy
Associate Professor
East Point College of Pharmacy Bangalore

2. • Gonorrhea is an infection caused by a sexually
bacterium that infects both males and females.
Gonorrhea most often affects the urethra , rectum
or throat. In females , gonorrhea can also infect the
cervix. Gonorrhea is most spread during vaginal ,
oral or anal sex. But baies of infected mothers can
be infected during childbirth. In babies , gonorrhea
most commonly affects the eyes.

3. • Clinical Manifestations.
• Common symptoms in men are :
• Abnormal discharge from the penis (clear or milky at
first and then yellow , creamy and excessive ,
sometimes blood -tinged)
• Painful or frequent urination or urethritis
• Anal itching , discomfort , bleeding or discharge.
• Sore throat
• Pinkeye

4. • Common symptoms in women are -
• Anal itching , discomfort , bleeding or discharge
• Abnormal vaginal discharge
• Genital itching
• Irregular menstrual bleeding
• Lower abdominal (belly) pain
• Fever and general tiredness
• swollen and painfull flands at opening of the vagina
(Bartholin glands)
• Painful sexual intercourse

5. • Etiology.
• Gonorrhea is a purulent infection of the mucous
membrane surfaces caused by Neisseria gonorrhea.
N gonorrhea is spread by sexual contact or through
transmission during childbirth. Neisseria
gonorrhoeae is Gram-negative diplococcus. This
mean it is usually seen in pairs with the adjacent
sides flattened.

6. Pathophysiology of Gonorrhoea.
• The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhea grows and
multiplies easily in the mucus membrane of the
body. It grows in most area of reproductive tract
including :
• Cervix uterus
• Fallopia tubes
• Urethra
• Mouth , throat , and anus
• The bacteria are mainly found in discharge from the
penis and vaginal fluid from infected men and
women.

7. • It's mode of transmission are -
• Vaginal or anal sex with infected partner
• oral sex (less common)
• touching parts of the body with fingers
• any very close physical contact
• the bacteria can be passed from hand to hand (very
rare isolated cases)
• From a mother to baby at birth.

8. • Treatment of Gonorrhea.
• Gonorrhea does not cause problems if it's treated
early. If not treated , it can lead to serious
problems.
• Initial treatment.
• Gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics for -
• Anyone who has had sexual contact in the past 60
days with a person who's been diagnosed with
gonorrhea. A new born whose mother has
gonorrhea at the time of delivery.

9. • No sexual contact with anyone during the course of
treatment.
• Until both the partners have been tested and
treated gonorrhea and other partner is not, there
are chances of getting infected again.
• If your treatment is just one dose of medicine , wait
at least 7 days after taking it before having any
sexual contact.
• If an individual has been treated for gonorrhea and
don't get better, testing is done again to see if
there is resistance to the antibiotic Gonorrhoea can
be treated through prescribed medication by the

10. • Medication involves :
• Ceftriaxone IM
• Ciprofloxacin or Ofloxacin
• Azithromycin , Doxycycline
• Prevention can be done by
• Practice safer intercourse
• Complete treatment should be taken
• Follow up tests should be done to make sure that
treatment has cleared the infection
• Living conditions should be improved