Gold is a yellow, soft transition metal with an atomic number of 79. It was discovered before 6000 BCE and is thought to form in supernovae. Gold has many properties that make it suitable for use in jewelry, investments, electronics and medicine. It is highly valued due to its rarity, malleability and resistance to corrosion. The document discusses gold's formation in supernovae, properties, uses, and historic value as a monetary standard.

1. By: Joena May B. Buensalida
HUMSS 12-A

2.  Atomic number: 79
 Symbol: Au
 Group: 11
 Period: 6
 Block: d-block
 Elemental category: transition metal
 Atomic weight: 196.96656

3.  Melting point: 1064°C
 Boiling Point: 3080°C
 Phase: solid
 Density: 19.32 g/m3
 Heat of fusion: 12.55 kJ/mol
 Heat of vaporization: 342 kJ/mol
 Molar heat capacity: 25.448 J

5.  It is a chemical element with symbol
Au from the Latin word "aurum"
which means shining dawn.
 Discovered in the Middle East (before
6000 BCE).

7.  Bright
 Slightly reddish yellow
 Dense
 Soft
 Malleable
 Ductile Metal

8.  Transition metal
 A group 11 element
 Least reactive
 Solid under standard conditions

9.  Jewelry
 Investment
 Electronics connectors
 Non-electronic industry
 Commercial chemistry
 Medicine
 Food and drink

10.  It is thought to have been produced
in supernova nucleosynthesis, from
the collision of neutron stars, and to have
been present in the dust from which
the Solar System formed.

11.  A supernova is a astronomical event that
occurs during the last stellar evolutionary
stages of massive star life, whose
deamatic, and catastrophic destruction is
marked by one first titanic explosion.
 A supernova happens when there us a
change in the core or center of the star.

12.  Ancient Greeks believed that gold was formed by the rays
of the sun transforming common metals in the earth.
 Scientists today still think that gold formation is related to
stars, specifically dying stars. At the core of a dying star -
a supernova - elements begin to fuse together in the
extreme heat.
 Clouds of heavy elements are ejected that can eventually
form new stars and planets like Earth. A small amount of
this material is gold and over millions of years it dissolved
and accumulated under the intense heat of the
earth's mantle.

13.  The heaviest elements are created in
supernovae, the fantastic death of supergiant
stars. As the core of the supergiant becomes
saturated with iron, its pressure and
temperature increase. Eventually, the blackbody
radiation from the core produces gamma rays
powerful enough to break apart the iron atoms
in the core. This further increases the pressure
to a point where electrons and protons are
fused into neutrons. This releases lots of energy
in the form of neutrinos.

14.  The core cools and contracts; the inner shells
rush to fill the void. As the core reaches
nuclear density it become rigid and even
bounces back a little. When the onrushing
material feels this bounce, it creates a wave.
As the wave spreads to outer, less-dense
regions, it speeds up. Soon it is a shock wave
and combines with the wave of neutrinos. The
star is doomed. This process blows the star
apart releasing 1046 joules of energy. This
shock wave is the only place hot and dense
enough to fuse elements heavier than iron,
elements up to and including uranium.

15.  the value of gold was rooted in its relative rarity,
easy handling and minting, easy smelting and
fabrication, resistance to corrosion and
other chemical reactions (nobility) and its
distinctive color.
 gold has been used for coinage, jewelry, and
other arts throughout recorded history.
 a gold standard was often implemented as
a monetary policy, but gold coins ceased to be
minted as a circulating currency in the 1930s,
and the world gold standard was abandoned for
a fiat currency system after 1976.