1) Project management has become an important tool for both public and private organizations to improve operations, respond to opportunities, achieve technological breakthroughs, and manage business challenges. 2) A project has defined start and end dates, objectives, funding limits, consumes resources, and is multifunctional. Projects provide a means to manage change and are responsible for new products, services, and processes. 3) Project success is determined by efficiency, customer satisfaction, business success, and potential for future impact.

1. 2013
[GRADUATION PROJECT]
By: Nourhan Hassan

2. Table of Contents
What is a project? ......................................................................................................................................... 2
What are the project characteristics?........................................................................................................... 2
Projects’ properties:...................................................................................................................................... 2
Difference between Process and Project:..................................................................................................... 3
Why projects are important? ........................................................................................................................ 3
What is Project Life Cycle? ............................................................................................................................ 3
How to determine project success? ............................................................................................................. 4
Project planning ............................................................................................................................................ 4
How to design teamwork tasks:.................................................................................................................... 5
Distinguish between tasks that require: ....................................................................................................... 5
NOTE: ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
What is Communication? .............................................................................................................................. 5
3 Fundamental Techniques in Handling People............................................................................................ 6
6 ways to make people like you .................................................................................................................... 6
Preparing your presentation ......................................................................................................................... 7
Structuring you presentation ........................................................................................................................ 7
Making the presentation .............................................................................................................................. 8
PAMPERS Technique ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Facilitating Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 8
SOCRATIC DIRECTION: .............................................................................................................................. 8
Challenging Participants................................................................................................................................ 9
How to read your audience?....................................................................................................................... 10
FLICK ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
Murphy’s Law.............................................................................................................................................. 12
Remember .................................................................................................................................................. 12
1

3. Project Management


Projects are one of the principles means by which we change the world.
Project Management has become one of the most popular tools for organizations, both public
and private, to improve internal operations, respond rapidly to external opportunities, achieve
technological breakthroughs, streamline new product developments, and more robustly
manage the challenges arising from their business environment.
What is a project?
o
A project is temporary in that it has a defined beginning and end in time, and therefore
defined scope and resources to create a UNIQUE product or service.
What are the project characteristics?
o
o
o
o
o
Specific Objective
Defined start and end dates
Have funding limits (if applicable)
Consume human and non-human resources
Multifunctional
Projects’ properties:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Ad hoc endeavors with a clear life cycle.
Building blocks in the design & execution of organizational strategies.
Responsible for the newest and most improved products, services, and organizational
processes.
Provide a philosophy & strategy for the management of change.
Entails crossing functional & organizational boundaries.
The principle outcomes are customer satisfaction.
Apply planning, organizing, motivation, directing, and control.
Terminated upon the successful completion of performance objectives.
2

4. Difference between Process and Project:
Why projects are important?
o
o
o
o
o
Shortened project life cycle
Narrow product launch windows
Increasingly complex and technical products
Emergence of global markets
An economic period marked by low inflation
What is Project Life Cycle?
12-
3-
4-
o Refers to the stages in a project’s development.
Conceptualization
Refers to the development of the initial goal and technical specifications for a project.
Planning
The stage in which all detailed specifications,
schematics, schedules and other plans are developed.
The individual pieces of the project, often called work
packages, are broken down, individual assignments
made, and the process for completion clearly
delineated.
Execution
The actual work of the project is performed, the
system developed, or the product created and
fabricated.
Termination
This occurs when the completed project is transferred
3

5. to the customer, its resources are reassigned, and the project formally closed out.
How to determine project success?
o
o
o
o
Project efficiency
Meeting budget and schedule expectations.
Impact in customer
Meeting technical specifications, addressing customer needs, and creating a project that
satisfies the client’s needs.
Business success
Determining whether the project achieved significant commercial success.
Future potential
Determining whether the project opened new markets or new product lines or helped to
develop new technology.
Project planning
o
o
o
o
o
o
Select a team
Develop Project Objective and a plan for execution
Risk Management activities
Cost estimate and budgeting
Scheduling
Managing resources
4

6. Team work and communication skills
Teamwork skills include the mix of interactive, interpersonal, problem solving and communication skills
needed by a group of people working on a common task, in complementary roles, towards a common
goal whose outcomes are greater than those possible by any one person working independently.
How to design teamwork tasks:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Clearly defined learning outcomes
which
include
teamwork
skill
outcomes such as negotiation,
communication and interpersonal
skills;
Criteria against which outcomes will
be assessed - either by an assessor or
in conjunction with the students;
A variety of roles and responsibilities;
Scope for creativity;
A group ‘product’ that can be assessed collectively; and
A requirement for high level cooperation.
Distinguish between tasks that require:
o
Cooperation - each team member can produce a part of the whole independently; and
o
Collaboration - the end result or product represents the work of the team as a whole.
NOTE:
o
You can’t choose your team members in real life.
o
Diversity in team membership is a positive.
o
Team members must have mutual goals and shared commitment.
o
Everyone is accountable for achieving the task and managing the process.
o
There needs to be a workable balance between the task and the process.
What is Communication?
o
Process by which a source sends a message to a receiver by means of a channel to produce a
response.
5

7. 3 Fundamental Techniques in Handling People
o
Don’t criticize, condemn or complain.
o
Give honest and sincere appreciation.
o
Arouse in the other person an eager want.
6 ways to make people like you
o
Become genuinely interested in other people.
o
Smile.
o
Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound
in any language.
o
Be a good listener and Encourage others to talk about themselves.
o
Talk in terms of the other person’s interests.
o
Make the other person feel important and do it sincerely.
How to pick a leader
•
A leader should understand his or her own needs and characteristics.
•
A leader should understand the needs and characteristics of each participant of the group.
•
This understanding helps in planning the program and in getting things done.
•
This understanding creates trust and builds confidence among group participants.
•
Knowing and using the resources of the team.
•
Good planner.
•
Has good Communication:
o
To improve your skills in getting information:
•
•
Make notes and sketches.
•
o
Pay attention and listen carefully.
Ask questions and repeat your understanding of what was said.
To improve your skills in giving information:
•
Be sure others are listening before you speak.
6

8. •
Speak slowly and clearly.
•
Draw diagrams, if needed. Ask those receiving information to take notes.
•
Have the listeners repeat their understanding of what was said. Encourage
questions.
Your supervisor!
•
His major is compatible to your topic.
•
Supportive and willing to give you enough time.
•
Willing to learn and walk the road with you.
•
Give you constant feedback and follow up on your actions.
•
Make sure the whole team is participating.
Presentation Skills
Preparing your presentation



Why?
Why am I giving this presentation?
What?
What is your key message?
Who?
Who are the participants? Levels? Backgrounds?
Structuring you presentation



Start with a BANG.
o You don’t have to be a clown
o Start with a bang that suits your personality
Key points.
o 1-5 points
o Ask yourself WIFT?
o When in doubt cut it out
o Include only key points which support your main message and think, ‘What would I need
to hear if I were in their shoes?’
Timing.
o Rehearse it
7

9. 


o Time it
o Cut it by half
Examples
Recap
End with a BANG!
Making the presentation
1- Prepare
2- Practice
3- Perform
PAMPERS Technique
Projection
Articulation: Don’t swallow
Modulation: Pitch and tone
Pronunciation: Watch tone, strong words
Enunciation: Emphasize words
Repetition
Speed
Facilitating Discussion
SOCRATIC DIRECTION:
KOPSA





Know the answers you want but know that you don’t know everything!
Open with open questions
Paraphrase participants' answers
Summarize contributions
Add your own points
8

10. Challenging Participants
1. The Heckler
•
Probably insecure
•
Aggressive and argumentative
 What to do:

Never get upset

Find agreement on something, move on

Wait for a misstatement of fact and then throw it out to the group for correction
2. The Talker/Know All
•
An 'eager beaver'/chatterbox
•
A show-off
•
Well-informed and anxious to show it
 What to do:
 Wait until he/she takes a breath, thank, refocus and move on
 Slow him/her down with a tough question
 Jump in and ask group to comment
 Use as a 'co-presenter
3. The Griper
•
Feels 'hard done by‘
 What to do:

Get him/her to be specific

Show that the purpose of your presentation is to be positive and constructive

Use peer pressure
4. The Whisperers
•
Don't understand what's going on
•
Sharing anecdotes triggered by your presentation
•
Bored, mischievous or hypercritical
 What to do:
9

11.  Stop talking, wait for them to look up and 'non-verbally' ask for their permission to continue
How to read your audience?
Holding back a negative attitude
Confident or ‘know it all’ attitude
10

12. I won’t say it
I’m bored
I don’t believe it
I’m thinking about it
FLICK





Frame
Letters
Images
Color
KISS
o Keep it short and simple!
o 1 topic
11
It’s not true
I’m not sure

13. o
o
Six lines maximum
Six words per line maximum
Murphy’s Law
'If something can go wrong – it will!'
Remember
You can’t do what you think you can’t do but
you can do when you BELIEVE that you can do.
It’s the power of belief!
12