Goiter
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The document discusses goiter, which is an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a lack of iodine. It can be caused by Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease, or thyroid cancer. Without enough iodine, the thyroid is unable to produce thyroid hormones. Goiter affects the body's homeostasis by preventing the production of thyroid hormones. Common symptoms include a swollen throat and difficulty swallowing or breathing. Treatment options include medication like levothyroxine to replace thyroid hormones, surgery, or radioactive iodine. Consuming iodized salt can help prevent goiter.
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Goiter
- TSH is produced by the adenohypophysis and regulates thyroid function by stimulating iodine uptake, colloid endocytosis, and thyroid gland growth. The majority of circulating thyroid hormone is T4, with T3 making up a small percentage.
- Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter and hypothyroidism worldwide. It can lead to miscarriages, stillbirths, neurological issues, and impaired intellectual function in both fetuses and newborns through adults.
- Goiters are classified based on their etiology, morphology, and size. The most common types are diffuse nontoxic goiter and multinodular goiter, which can sometimes become toxic
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The most common manifestation of thyroid disease is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter. Goiters can be diffuse, meaning affecting the whole thyroid, or nodular, consisting of lumps within the thyroid. The document discusses the different types of goiters and nodules, including the causes and characteristics of diffuse goiter, multinodular goiter, solitary nodules, and common thyroid nodule types like colloid nodules and follicular adenomas. Dietary iodine deficiency is identified as the most common cause of diffuse goiter.
Goiter
Goiter is swelling of the thyroid gland that can be caused by iodine deficiency, autoimmune disorders, or abnormal thyroid function. Simple goiter involves an enlarged thyroid gland but is usually not cancerous, while toxic goiter causes hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis involves blood tests of thyroid hormones and ultrasound examination. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include thyroid hormone replacement, radioactive iodine, or surgery. With proper treatment, the prognosis for goiter is generally good.
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This document discusses goiter and hyperthyroidism. It defines goiter as any enlargement of the thyroid gland and describes different types of goiters. It also discusses the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of nontoxic goiters. The document then discusses hyperthyroidism and provides details about Graves' disease, including its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing and treatment options. It also briefly discusses thyroid storm.
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This document discusses hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. It begins by defining the terms and describing the thyroid gland's normal function. It then discusses the various causes of hyperthyroidism including Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, subacute thyroiditis, and toxic adenoma. The document outlines the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland. It describes the clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests including thyroid function tests, ultrasound, and thyroid scintigraphy. It provides algorithms for diagnosis and outlines treatment options for hyperthyroidism including anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine treatment, and thyroidectomy.
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The document discusses thyroid disorders and provides information about:
1) The thyroid gland, its location and functions including producing thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism.
2) Types of thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, their causes, symptoms and treatment options.
3) Diagnostic tests for thyroid disorders including thyroid function tests and scans.
4) Specific conditions like Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid storm and their characteristics.
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This document discusses hyperthyroidism, which occurs when the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormones. The most common cause is Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune disorder. Symptoms include nervousness, heat intolerance, rapid pulse, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves thyroid function tests, ultrasound, and radioactive iodine uptake scan. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Complications can include myxedema if the condition is not treated or becomes over-treated.
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Goiter
- TSH is produced by the adenohypophysis and regulates thyroid function by stimulating iodine uptake, colloid endocytosis, and thyroid gland growth. The majority of circulating thyroid hormone is T4, with T3 making up a small percentage.
- Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter and hypothyroidism worldwide. It can lead to miscarriages, stillbirths, neurological issues, and impaired intellectual function in both fetuses and newborns through adults.
- Goiters are classified based on their etiology, morphology, and size. The most common types are diffuse nontoxic goiter and multinodular goiter, which can sometimes become toxic
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The most common manifestation of thyroid disease is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter. Goiters can be diffuse, meaning affecting the whole thyroid, or nodular, consisting of lumps within the thyroid. The document discusses the different types of goiters and nodules, including the causes and characteristics of diffuse goiter, multinodular goiter, solitary nodules, and common thyroid nodule types like colloid nodules and follicular adenomas. Dietary iodine deficiency is identified as the most common cause of diffuse goiter.
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The document discusses thyroid disorders and provides information about:
1) The thyroid gland, its location and functions including producing thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism.
2) Types of thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, their causes, symptoms and treatment options.
3) Diagnostic tests for thyroid disorders including thyroid function tests and scans.
4) Specific conditions like Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid storm and their characteristics.
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This document discusses hyperthyroidism, which occurs when the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormones. The most common cause is Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune disorder. Symptoms include nervousness, heat intolerance, rapid pulse, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves thyroid function tests, ultrasound, and radioactive iodine uptake scan. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Complications can include myxedema if the condition is not treated or becomes over-treated.
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This document discusses the thyroid gland and various thyroid conditions. It begins by explaining what the thyroid gland does, producing hormones that regulate metabolism. It then discusses different types of goiters (enlargement of the thyroid gland), including diffuse goiter, multi-nodular goiter, and solitary thyroid nodules. For each condition, it covers causes, symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment approaches. Key points are that toxic goiters are rarely malignant, solitary nodules need evaluation to exclude cancer, and surgery is rarely needed for autoimmune or inflammatory thyroid diseases.
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This document provides an overview of hypothyroidism, including its definition, effects on different organ systems, types, causes, investigations, and treatment. Some key points are:
- Hypothyroidism is a deficiency in thyroid hormone secretion, occurring in 2-15% of the population more commonly in women. Risk increases with age.
- It affects the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, central nervous, neuromuscular, gastrointestinal, and hematological systems, causing decreased metabolism.
- Types include primary, central, and congenital hypothyroidism. Causes include iodine deficiency, autoimmune disease, surgery, radiation, and certain drugs.
- Investigations include thyroid function tests and antibodies
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Thyroid and its pathology (Hypothyroidism).
GREEK :- THYREOS – SHIELD ; EIDOS – FORM
1.LOCATION:- Anterior to trachea in between the cricoid cartilage and the suprasternal notch.
2.SHAPE:- It has 2 lobes connected with an isthmus, each lobe in turn has two poles.
3.Weighs around 10-20 gm, highly vascular and soft in consistency.
4. 4 Parathyroid glands which secrete PTH are located posterior to each pole of thyroid
The RLN traverse the lateral border of thyroid gland and must be identified during thyroid surgery to avoid injury and vocal cord paralysis.
Develops from the floor of primitive pharynx during the 3rd week of gestation.
Fetal cells in which developmental transcription factors TTF-1,TTF-2 & PAX-8 are expressed selectively form the thyroid gland ,secondly they result in induction of thyroid specific genes
Tg,TPO,NIS,TSH-R.
Mutations-THYROID AGENESIS & DYSHORMONOGENESIS(CONG. HYPOTHYROIDISM).
The developing gland migrates along the thyroglossal duct to reach its final location in the neck.
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Thyroid hormone synthesis begins at about 11 weeks of gestation.
Until 11 week of gestation and even later, it is the maternal thyroid hormones which cross the placenta to reach the fetus and aid its development.
Therefore a child born to a hypothyroid mother would suffer from features of congenital hypothyroidism.
Secondly if the mother has TSH-R blocking antibodies or has received anti thyroid therapy during pregnancy, might lead to transient congenital hypothyroidism.
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Hyperthyroidism refers to overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormones throughout the body. Some common causes include Graves' disease, toxic adenomas, and thyroiditis. Symptoms include nervousness, palpitations, heat intolerance, tremor, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves tests of thyroid and pituitary hormones. Treatment options are radioactive iodine to destroy the thyroid gland, anti-thyroid medications, beta-blockers to control symptoms, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid. Nursing care focuses on managing nutrition, activity tolerance, risk of injury from eye involvement, and hyperthermia due to the increased metabolic rate.
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This document defines goiter as an enlarged thyroid gland and provides an overview of the condition. It discusses the pathophysiology, classifications, presentations, investigations, differential diagnoses, treatments, and prognosis of goiter. Goiter is most commonly caused by iodine deficiency worldwide and by Hashimoto's thyroiditis in industrialized countries. Investigations may include laboratory tests, ultrasound, CT scans, and biopsies. Treatments include medication, surgery, radioactive iodine, and minimally invasive procedures. Complications can include hypothyroidism, bleeding, nerve injury, and hyperthyroid storm. Benign goiters generally have a good prognosis.
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This document discusses hypothyroidism, including its physiology, assessment, causes, features, and management. It covers various types of hypothyroidism such as congenital hypothyroidism, acquired hypothyroidism, goiter, and iodine deficiency disorders. The assessment of thyroid function involves measuring TSH, T3, and T4 levels. Hypothyroidism can be primary, secondary, or peripheral. It discusses the etiology, clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of these conditions. Congenital hypothyroidism requires early diagnosis and treatment to prevent intellectual disabilities.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism can be primary, meaning it is caused by a problem in the thyroid gland itself, or secondary, caused by a lack of TSH from the pituitary gland. Primary causes include congenital defects, iodine deficiency, autoimmune disorders like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and surgery or radiation treatment of the thyroid. Secondary hypothyroidism is caused by problems of the pituitary gland or peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone. Diagnosis is made through blood tests showing low T3 and T4 and high TSH for primary hypothyroidism. Treatment is lifelong thyroid hormone replacement, usually levothyroxine. Dosage depends on age, severity, and other factors.
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NORMAL THYROID FUNCTION
CAN CHANGE:
SEE HOW THIS HAPPENS AND HOW TO PROTECT YOUR GLAND
PRESENTED BY: MARIA SCUNZIANO-SINGH, MD
March 31, 2016
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The document discusses the thyroid gland and hypothyroidism. It provides details on the anatomy, histology, synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. It also describes the clinical features of hypothyroidism including constitutional symptoms like cold intolerance and fatigue. Laboratory tests for investigating thyroid function and disorders are outlined, including measurement of thyroid hormones and thyroid antibodies. Physical examination findings for the thyroid gland are also reviewed.
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This document provides an overview of hypothyroidism, including its definition, effects on different organ systems, types, causes, investigations, and treatment. Some key points are:
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- Types include primary, central, and congenital hypothyroidism. Causes include iodine deficiency, autoimmune disease, surgery, radiation, and certain drugs.
- Investigations include thyroid function tests and antibodies
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Thyroiditis is a general term that refers to “inflammation of the thyroid gland”. Thyroiditis includes a group of individual disorders causing thyroidal inflammation but presenting in different ways. For example, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States.
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GREEK :- THYREOS – SHIELD ; EIDOS – FORM
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4. 4 Parathyroid glands which secrete PTH are located posterior to each pole of thyroid
The RLN traverse the lateral border of thyroid gland and must be identified during thyroid surgery to avoid injury and vocal cord paralysis.
Develops from the floor of primitive pharynx during the 3rd week of gestation.
Fetal cells in which developmental transcription factors TTF-1,TTF-2 & PAX-8 are expressed selectively form the thyroid gland ,secondly they result in induction of thyroid specific genes
Tg,TPO,NIS,TSH-R.
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The developing gland migrates along the thyroglossal duct to reach its final location in the neck.
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Thyroid hormone synthesis begins at about 11 weeks of gestation.
Until 11 week of gestation and even later, it is the maternal thyroid hormones which cross the placenta to reach the fetus and aid its development.
Therefore a child born to a hypothyroid mother would suffer from features of congenital hypothyroidism.
Secondly if the mother has TSH-R blocking antibodies or has received anti thyroid therapy during pregnancy, might lead to transient congenital hypothyroidism.
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Hyperthyroidism refers to overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormones throughout the body. Some common causes include Graves' disease, toxic adenomas, and thyroiditis. Symptoms include nervousness, palpitations, heat intolerance, tremor, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves tests of thyroid and pituitary hormones. Treatment options are radioactive iodine to destroy the thyroid gland, anti-thyroid medications, beta-blockers to control symptoms, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid. Nursing care focuses on managing nutrition, activity tolerance, risk of injury from eye involvement, and hyperthermia due to the increased metabolic rate.
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This document provides information about goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland). It begins by defining goiter and discussing the causes, which can be inflammatory, toxic, autoimmune, or physiological. It then classifies thyroid swellings and discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment of simple goiter. It also discusses hypothyroidism, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Finally, it discusses hyperthyroidism/toxic goiter, the causes including Graves' disease, and discusses Graves' disease in more detail.
Goiter
This document provides information about goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland). It begins by defining goiter and discussing the causes, which can be inflammatory, toxic, autoimmune, or physiological. It then classifies thyroid swellings and discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment of simple goiter. It also discusses hypothyroidism, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Finally, it discusses hyperthyroidism/toxic goiter, the causes including Graves' disease, and discusses Graves' disease in more detail.
Hypothyroidism
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Hypothyroidism_508 (1).pdf
Hypothyroidism is a disorder where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can be caused by Hashimoto's disease, thyroiditis, surgery or radiation treatment of the thyroid gland, certain medications, or issues with the pituitary gland. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and depression. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed with blood tests measuring thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone levels. It is treated by taking a synthetic thyroid hormone medication daily to replace what the body is not producing.
Thyroid ppt
its all about thyroid gland,functions of thyroid gland,disorders of thyroid gland,signs and symptoms and medications.hope it will be useful for you.thank you,
Disorders of thyroid gland
The document discusses disorders of the thyroid gland, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It begins by reviewing the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback system. Hypothyroidism can be congenital or acquired, and if during childhood causes cretinism. Acquired hypothyroidism in adults is called myxedema. Hyperthyroidism results from increased thyroid hormone secretion and can be caused by Graves' disease. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism.pptx
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces and releases excess thyroid hormones. It can be caused by Graves' disease, thyroid nodules, or thyroiditis. Symptoms include rapid heartbeat, weight loss, increased appetite, and eye changes. It is diagnosed through physical exam, blood tests, and imaging tests. Treatment options are antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, surgery, or beta blockers. If left untreated, it can lead to complications like atrial fibrillation, stroke, or osteoporosis.
Jokhep volume 5 december 2012
This document discusses nursing intervention for patients with goiter in the Nigerian healthcare system. It provides background on the thyroid gland and hormones, defines hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and discusses the causes and clinical manifestations of goiter. Goiter is common in Nigeria and other iodine-deficient areas. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and lab tests like TSH levels. Treatment may include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or lifestyle changes like increasing iodized salt and nutrient-rich foods. Nurses have an important role in educating patients to help reduce the prevalence of goiter.
Thyroid gland
The document summarizes the structure and function of the thyroid gland. It discusses that the thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck and is butterfly shaped with two lobes connected by an isthmus. It produces important hormones like thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulate metabolism. The thyroid takes up iodine and uses it to produce the hormones through a series of steps in a negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hormones have wide-ranging effects on growth, development, and metabolic processes in nearly all tissues of the body. Diseases like hypothyroidism and Graves' disease can disrupt the thyroid's normal functioning.
Hypothyroidism.ppt
Hypothyroidism is a decreased secretion of thyroid hormones. It occurs as cretinism in infants and myxedema in adults. Cretinism causes unproportional growth, mental retardation, enlarged tongue, and lack of sexual development. Myxedema causes edema, swelling of the face, fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Both can be caused by iodine deficiency or genetic disorders. Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland and can occur in hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroid goiter is caused by iodine deficiency or thyroiditis and leads to increased TSH and gland growth.
Graves’ disease (An autoimmune Disease)
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much thyroxine. Some common symptoms include anxiety, eye irritation, increased sweating, and weight loss. The disease is triggered by antibodies that stimulate thyroid cells to overproduce hormones. Treatments include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery to destroy the thyroid gland, followed by thyroid hormone replacement medication. Eye problems related to Graves' disease may also require additional treatments.
COMMON DISORDERS IN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.pptx
Growth hormone deficiency or dwarfism is caused by insufficient growth hormone from the pituitary gland, resulting in short stature. It can be treated with synthetic growth hormone. Gigantism occurs when too much growth hormone is produced during childhood, leading to excessive height. A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that can be caused by insufficient or excessive thyroid hormone production. Common symptoms depend on whether the thyroid is underactive or overactive.
Thyroid final
Dr. Sachin Verma is a young, diligent and dynamic physician. He did his graduation from IGMC Shimla and MD in Internal Medicine from GSVM Medical College Kanpur. Then he did his Fellowship in Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) from Apollo Hospital Delhi. He has done fellowship in infectious diseases by Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA). He has also done FCCS course and is certified Advance Cardiac Life support (ACLS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) provider by American Heart Association. He has also done a course in Cardiology by American College of Cardiology and a course in Diabetology by International Diabetes Centre. He specializes in the management of Infections, Multiorgan Dysfunctions and Critically ill patients and has many publications and presentations in various national conferences under his belt. He is currently working in NABH Approved Ivy super-specialty Hospital Mohali as Consultant Intensivists and Physician.
Similar to Goiter (20)
Goiter
- 1. thyroid glands grow larger than normal from the lack of iodine Goiter 1
- 4. How Does the Disease Affect Homeostasis? 4 3 Causing the precursors to the hormone to build up. Causing a Goiter. Without Iodine T4 cannot be released.