The document provides information about glomerulonephritis, including its anatomy, functions, causes, symptoms, treatment, and benefits of exercise. Glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys and can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and other conditions. Symptoms may include kidney pain, blood or protein in the urine, high blood pressure, swelling, and fatigue. Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms through medications, diet changes, dialysis if needed, and lifestyle modifications like exercise, which can help increase energy, relieve stress, improve sleep and overall functioning.

1. HELLO
KIDNEY
GlomerulonephrItIs

2. ANATOMY OF MR KIDNEY
LET’S
CHECK IT
OUT!!!

5. Functions of ME (MR.KIDNEY)
• Without me, YOU will UNABLE to:
 Remove wastes and water from
the blood
 Balanced chemicals in your body
 Release hormones
 Help to control blood pressure
 Help to produce red blood cells
 Produce vitamin D, which keeps
the bones strong and healthy

6. DEFINITION

7. What is glomerulonephristis?
• Glomerulonephritis is
is a kidney condition
that involves damage
/inflammation to the
glomeruli.

8. Types of glomerulonephritis
 Acute glomerulonephritis
- begins suddenly
Chronic glomerulonephritis
-develops gradually over
several years.

9. ETIOLOGY

10. Glomerolonephritis cause by?
Causes of glomerulonephritis include:
• Streptococcal infection of the throat ( strep throat) or
skin ( impetigo)
• Hereditary diseases
• Immune diseases, such as lupus
• diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels)
• Viruses ( HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus)
• Endocarditis (infection of the valves of the heart)

11. Streptococcal infection of the throat
( strep throat) or skin ( impetigo)

12. Lupus

13. PATHOLOGY

14. PATHOLOGY
• glomerulonephritis are triggered by immune-
mediated injury.
• The cellular immune response contributes to the
infiltration of glomeruli by circulating mononuclear
inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and macrophages)
and crescent formation in the absence of antibody
deposition.

16. PATHOLOGY
• The humoral immune response leads to immune
deposit formation and complement activation in
glomeruli.
• Antibodies can be deposited within the glomerulus
when circulating antibodies react with intrinsic or
with extrinsic antigens that have been trapped within
the glomerulus.

17. PATHOLOGY
• Injury usually occurs as a consequence of the
activation and release of a variety of inflammatory
mediators.
• Haemodynamic, and toxic stresses can also induce
glomerular injury.
• A few glomerular diseases are due to hereditary
defects resulting in deformity of the glomerular
basement membrane.

19. Sign and symptoms

20. Sign and symptoms
• Kidney pain normally happens in the “flank”
region, which is just below the bottom of rib
cage.

21. Sign and symptoms
• Cola-colored or diluted, iced-
tea-colored urine from red
blood cells in your urine
(hematuria)
• Foamy urine due to excess
protein (proteinuria)

22. Sign and symptoms
• High blood pressure
(hypertension)
• Fluid retention (edema)
with swelling evident in
your face, hands, feet
and abdomen
• Fatigue/SOB from
anemia or kidney
failure.
• Less frequent urination
than usual.

23. PRECAUTION & TREATMENTS

24. Precautions
• Precautions
 start slowly and build up gradually
 aim to exercise for 30 minutes three
times a week
• Advice for patients
 carry a small spray bottle filled with
lemon water or mouthwash to spray
their mouth when they are feeling dry
in order to keep fluid balanced

25. Precautions
• Do not give an exercise to patient with consideration of
these condition:
 Changed their dialysis schedule
 Changed their medicine schedule
 Overeaten
 Physical condition has changed;
 Fever
 Have joint or bone problems
 Weather is hot and humid and you
 Do not give exercises in an indoor, air-conditioned
environment.

26. Precaution
• Discontinue routine earlier if experience any of
the following:
 shortness of breath
 fatigue,
 rapid or irregular heartbeat,
 chest pain,
 nausea,
 leg cramps or dizziness.

27. Doctor treatment
• Treatment depends on the cause of the
disorder, and the type and severity of
symptoms.
• High blood pressure may be hard to control.
Controlling high blood pressure is usually the
most important part of treatment.
• Dialysis and Transplant

28. Doctor treatment
Medications
• Diuretics to reduce fluid retention
• Medications to suppress the immune system
Lifestyle Changes
• Restrict salt and water intake.
• Restrict intake of potassium, phosphorous, and magnesium.
• Cut down on protein in the diet.
• Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
• Take calcium supplements.

29. Physiotherapy treatment
• Patient education
• Endurance Exercise
Walking test
 walking, swimming, bicycling, aerobic dancing
Circulatory exercise

30. Exercise
program during
dialysis

31. BENEFITS OF EXERCISES

32. Benefit of exercise for
Glomerulonephritis
• Increased energy. exercise regularly, over a period of
time will develop greater resistance to fatigue and
energy will increase.
• Help in dealing with stress. Exercise relieves tension,
which enables to relax and feel less tense.
• Improved ability to sleep. As tension in body
diminishes and begins to relax, patient will go to sleep
much quicker and sleep more soundly.
• Improved overall daily functioning. As fitness
improves, the capacity to perform daily tasks at school,
home or on the job will increase.

33. Benefit of exercise for
Glomerulonephritis
• Improved appearance. burn extra calories,
muscles become firmer, it becomes easier to
control weight thus improving overall
appearance.
• Improved overall health. As oxygen is
transported more efficiently around the body,
circulation improves, the heart becomes
stronger, blood pressure is lowered, and body
is better equipped to fight off diseases.

34. Benefit of exercise for
Glomerulonephritis
• Regular exercise can break this unhealthy circle as well
as provide these additional benefits:
 Improve strength and mobility
 Relieve depression
 Boost blood circulation, a key to good heart health
 Maintain bone and muscle strength
 Lower your weight and cholesterol
 And boost your self-esteem

35. Physiotherapy treatment
• lymphatic massage
To reduce edema
• Breathing exercise
-breathing control
purse lip breathing
and diagram
breathing

36. KIDNEY SAY !!!!
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