The document provides an overview of how globalization impacts religious practices and beliefs. It discusses key topics like the definition of religion, types of religious organizations (church, sect, denomination, cult), major world religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam), and perspectives on religion's role in globalization (modernist, post-modernist, pre-modernist). Globalization encourages religious pluralism and less rooted local practices due to diasporas and transnational ties. It also provides opportunities for non-institutionalized religions and use of religion as a political/cultural resource.
This document discusses various perspectives on the study of religion from an objective point of view. It defines religion as a system of socially shared symbols, beliefs, and rituals directed toward a sacred realm. It also classifies different types of religious beliefs such as polytheism, monotheism, animism, and discusses social organizations of religion including ecclesia, denominations, sects, and new religious movements. The document also discusses functionalist and conflict perspectives on the relationship between religion and society, highlighting the views of Marx, Weber, and Stark.
Globalization has interconnected religion and technology, allowing religions to spread more efficiently across borders. Religions use various technological tools like books, movies, apps and social media to teach beliefs globally. This has led to new developments as small religions can now engage in overseas activities. While globalization allows wider religious access, it has also enabled the expansion of extremist ideas and terrorist recruitment through online sermons and communication networks. In conclusion, globalization will likely continue impacting religion as cultures and ideas spread through advancing technology, both positively and negatively.
Globalization has influenced religion in several ways. It has allowed the spread of religions across borders through increased movement of people, trade, and cultural exchange. Major religions like Buddhism first spread globally through trade routes like the Silk Road. Pilgrimages and tourism have also contributed to the globalization of religions. The Crusades illustrated how Christianity drove early globalization efforts. However, critics argue that globalization can lead to cultural homogenization and a loss of diversity as local traditions are erased. It has also contributed to both religious secularization and religious conservatism in different societies. Managing religious diversity and reducing conflicts remains an ongoing challenge of globalization.
This document summarizes key topics related to the globalization of media and religion. It discusses theories of cultural imperialism and debates around the globalization of media. It also examines perspectives on how globalization leads to both the homogenization and hybridization of culture through interactions between global and local forces. Media are seen as both spreading Western influence globally but also enabling new hybrid cultural forms to emerge through complex local adaptations to global flows. Religion is discussed as both a transnational institution and as adapting in diverse ways to globalizing influences.
In this module, you will journey to the very heart of this course: you will be asked to identify the challenges posed by globalization and consider responses to these challenges as demonstrated by experiences on the ground. For this purpose, students will produce case studies of communities (in the Philippines and other countries) experiencing the impact of globalization and their respective responses to issues that arise. There are global-civic societies engaged in advocacies relating to climate and environmental protection, for example, human trafficking across borders, the application of advances in science and technology to serve some of the world’s poorest communities, and so on. There are, too, communities that have managed, in varying degrees of success, to deal with the effects, good and bad, of globalization.
The document discusses the global interstate system and the effects of globalization. It defines key terms like state, interstate, and economic sovereignty. It also examines the rise of neoliberalism and how it prioritizes market exchanges. Globalization impacts local governments by influencing policies, affecting jobs and property values. While international agreements like the Montreal Protocol show cooperation is possible, local governments face dilemmas balancing economic and social concerns with pressures from powerful corporations. A global network of states and non-state actors now governs issues that transcend national borders, including organizations like the UN, World Bank, IMF, and WTO.
Sarah sean-tracie-global culture and cultural flowsSarah_Arnold
Cultural differentialism emphasizes that cultures are inherently different and only superficially impacted by global flows. It views culture as a clearly bounded entity defined by its own language, values, and norms. However, critics argue that cultures cannot avoid mixing as globalization increases interactions between them. While differentialism sees disruption from cultural mixing, other perspectives posit that cultures hybridize through combinations of external and internal influences, creating unique outcomes. The spread of global models and consumption of standardized products and services also drives cultural convergence, though local adaptations still occur.
This document discusses various perspectives on the study of religion from an objective point of view. It defines religion as a system of socially shared symbols, beliefs, and rituals directed toward a sacred realm. It also classifies different types of religious beliefs such as polytheism, monotheism, animism, and discusses social organizations of religion including ecclesia, denominations, sects, and new religious movements. The document also discusses functionalist and conflict perspectives on the relationship between religion and society, highlighting the views of Marx, Weber, and Stark.
Globalization has interconnected religion and technology, allowing religions to spread more efficiently across borders. Religions use various technological tools like books, movies, apps and social media to teach beliefs globally. This has led to new developments as small religions can now engage in overseas activities. While globalization allows wider religious access, it has also enabled the expansion of extremist ideas and terrorist recruitment through online sermons and communication networks. In conclusion, globalization will likely continue impacting religion as cultures and ideas spread through advancing technology, both positively and negatively.
Globalization has influenced religion in several ways. It has allowed the spread of religions across borders through increased movement of people, trade, and cultural exchange. Major religions like Buddhism first spread globally through trade routes like the Silk Road. Pilgrimages and tourism have also contributed to the globalization of religions. The Crusades illustrated how Christianity drove early globalization efforts. However, critics argue that globalization can lead to cultural homogenization and a loss of diversity as local traditions are erased. It has also contributed to both religious secularization and religious conservatism in different societies. Managing religious diversity and reducing conflicts remains an ongoing challenge of globalization.
This document summarizes key topics related to the globalization of media and religion. It discusses theories of cultural imperialism and debates around the globalization of media. It also examines perspectives on how globalization leads to both the homogenization and hybridization of culture through interactions between global and local forces. Media are seen as both spreading Western influence globally but also enabling new hybrid cultural forms to emerge through complex local adaptations to global flows. Religion is discussed as both a transnational institution and as adapting in diverse ways to globalizing influences.
In this module, you will journey to the very heart of this course: you will be asked to identify the challenges posed by globalization and consider responses to these challenges as demonstrated by experiences on the ground. For this purpose, students will produce case studies of communities (in the Philippines and other countries) experiencing the impact of globalization and their respective responses to issues that arise. There are global-civic societies engaged in advocacies relating to climate and environmental protection, for example, human trafficking across borders, the application of advances in science and technology to serve some of the world’s poorest communities, and so on. There are, too, communities that have managed, in varying degrees of success, to deal with the effects, good and bad, of globalization.
The document discusses the global interstate system and the effects of globalization. It defines key terms like state, interstate, and economic sovereignty. It also examines the rise of neoliberalism and how it prioritizes market exchanges. Globalization impacts local governments by influencing policies, affecting jobs and property values. While international agreements like the Montreal Protocol show cooperation is possible, local governments face dilemmas balancing economic and social concerns with pressures from powerful corporations. A global network of states and non-state actors now governs issues that transcend national borders, including organizations like the UN, World Bank, IMF, and WTO.
Sarah sean-tracie-global culture and cultural flowsSarah_Arnold
Cultural differentialism emphasizes that cultures are inherently different and only superficially impacted by global flows. It views culture as a clearly bounded entity defined by its own language, values, and norms. However, critics argue that cultures cannot avoid mixing as globalization increases interactions between them. While differentialism sees disruption from cultural mixing, other perspectives posit that cultures hybridize through combinations of external and internal influences, creating unique outcomes. The spread of global models and consumption of standardized products and services also drives cultural convergence, though local adaptations still occur.
This document discusses different perspectives on the study of religion from a sociological viewpoint. It begins by acknowledging that religion can be a difficult subject to study objectively, as people hold deep commitments. It then defines religion and outlines different classifications of religious beliefs, including polytheism, monotheism, animism, and atheism. The document also categorizes social organizations of religion into ecclesia, denominations, sects, and new religious movements. It explores functionalist and conflict perspectives on religion's role in society from theorists like Marx, Weber, and Stark. In the end, it provides a brief historical fact about Desmond Doss as an example of religious commitment.
The document discusses global media cultures and the relationship between media, culture, and globalization. It outlines five stages of media development from oral communication to digital media that have influenced globalization. Media plays a key role in shaping global processes by allowing for the spread of economic, political, and cultural aspects around the world. While global products and culture are spread through media channels, local cultures also collaborate and compete with global influences, resulting in hybrid cultural forms. The dynamic interplay between local and global ensures the ongoing relevance of both spheres in an increasingly interconnected world.
This document discusses global demography, including the definition of demography as the study of human populations and how they change based on environmental, geographic, and climatic factors. It notes that as of February 2020, the world population was approximately 7.8 billion people. Demographers study populations to determine their current size and composition and predict future changes based on factors like birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns.
This document discusses global demography, population, urbanization, and ecology. It defines key demographic concepts like population, demography, fertility, mortality, and migration. It explains how demographers study and analyze population size, composition, distribution and changes. Tools of demography discussed include count, rate, ratio, proportion, and cohort/period measures. Population composition and density are addressed. The document details factors influencing global fertility rates, improvements reducing mortality, and impacts of migration on population structure. World population statistics from 2019 are also provided. The document concludes with an announcement about an upcoming quiz on global cities.
The Contemporary World: Global Economic StructuresAntonio Delgado
This document discusses economic globalization and related topics through four main sections. It begins by defining economic globalization and its emergence in the 1500s. It then examines the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 to regulate international monetary systems and addresses organizations it created like the IMF and World Bank. Other economic organizations are also outlined. Finally, it explores the role of multinational corporations in globalization through foreign direct investment and other activities.
On the great disparity between the Global North and South Today. It also presents two schools of thought on the causes of disparity i.e., Classical Liberal Economic Theory and Dependency Theory.
Reference: Kegley
Global media corporations like Disney, Time Warner, News Corporation, and Viacom own the majority of global media and promote globalization through their mainstream news channels like CNN, Fox News and BBC in English. While globalization faces criticism, the influence of major media corporations is still limited in some third world countries due to a digital divide, as seen through a lack of internet access, expensive technology, and poverty.
The document compares Eastern and Western concepts of self. In Eastern thought as seen in Confucianism and Taoism, the self is relational and defined by relationships, and self-cultivation is important. In Confucianism, living according to principles like propriety and righteousness is valued. Taoism sees the self as an extension of nature and the cosmos, valuing selflessness. Buddhism sees the self as composed of five aggregates and teaches anatman, that there is no permanent self. The ultimate goal is nirvana or enlightenment. In Western thought, the self is distinct from others and defined by individual attributes, while Eastern thought focuses more on social roles and relationships.
This document discusses global cities and their role in globalization. It defines global cities as important nodes in the global economic system that facilitate global operations and trade. Global cities experience both benefits and challenges from globalization. They attract global talent and foster cultural diversity but also face issues like inequality, poverty, and the potential for terrorist violence. While global cities create wealth, they also experience widening wealth gaps and the hollowing out of the middle class. The conclusion emphasizes that global cities are material representations of globalization that generate opportunities but also inequalities, making the question of a more just globalization partly about making cities more equitable.
Rizal was a Filipino nationalist who published novels criticizing Spanish rule. He was arrested and tried by a military tribunal for rebellion despite being a civilian. He was found guilty in a biased trial and executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896 at age 35, solidifying his status as a martyr for Philippine independence.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures around the world. It involves the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people between countries. While globalization offers opportunities through increased trade and cultural exchange, critics argue it favors wealthy nations and corporations over poorer countries and local communities. There are differing views on whether globalization should be altered, ended, or embraced for its opportunities.
SUBJECT: The Contemporary World
TOPIC: Global Migration
NOTE:
I also made a presentation for this (pptx format). Kindly Search it here in my profile or you can click this link https://www.slideshare.net/NiaMaeSabillo/global-migration-250432429. Thank you!
Positive and Negative Effects of ReligionNorlyn Traje
This document summarizes some positive and negative effects of religion. Positive effects include charitable giving that helps those in need, promoting ethics in political life by advocating for equality, and bringing people together in communities. However, religion can also fill people with fear, turn people against each other by identifying some religions as the sole truth, and seek power like corporations which can lead to violence and warfare over religious differences. Overall, religion has significantly impacted history both positively and negatively.
This document discusses several key concepts and metaphors related to understanding globalization, including:
1) Cultural homogenization and the uniformity of culture worldwide due to processes like cultural diffusion and the spread of capitalism.
2) The role of information and communication technologies in enabling the flows of finance, capital, ideas, and people across borders that drive globalization.
3) The changing roles and authority of nation-states in a globalized world where power and influence are spread across international and regional organizations.
4) The complex relationships between globalization, inequality, and processes like democratization and the growth of human rights and civic activism.
5) Transnationalism as a related but more delimited
This course introduces students to globalization through examining its economic, social, political, and technological transformations that have increased global interconnectedness. Over 18 weeks, students will analyze different aspects of globalization like the global economy, population movements, and sustainability issues. Students will complete assessments like quizzes, presentations, and a final research paper on a topic related to globalization.
The document discusses the global divides between the Global North and Global South. It defines the Global North as developed countries in Europe and North America that make up 1/4 of the population but have 4/5 of the world's income. The Global South refers to developing countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America that make up 3/4 of the population but only 1/5 of the world's income and tend to have higher poverty, conflict, and less political stability. It notes measures have been taken through globalization and UN programs to try to narrow the socioeconomic gaps between the two regions.
The document provides background information on Christianity, including key beliefs, writings, worship practices, religious leaders, ceremonies, symbols, and festivals. It discusses that Christians believe in one God manifested in three forms - God the Father, Jesus Christ his son, and the Holy Spirit. Jesus is believed to have been born to Mary, performed miracles, and was crucified and resurrected, offering salvation. The Bible contains the Old and New Testaments and guides Christians. Worship occurs in churches and involves prayers, music, and communion. Important ceremonies include baptism, confirmation, weddings, and funerals.
The document summarizes the socio-cultural setting of the Philippines. It describes Filipino culture as having strong family and community relationships. It also notes the influence of Western culture being more prominent in urban areas, while rural areas rely more on farming, fishing, and forestry for occupation. Traditional arts reflect the diverse cultural influences of Malay, Chinese, Islamic and European traditions that have shaped Philippine national identity over time.
Globalization is the process by which ideas, knowledge, information, goods, and services spread around the world through integrated economies marked by free trade and movement of capital and labor. The document discusses the three main components of economic globalization: production, finance, and markets. It also examines cultural globalization through the globalization of food, sport, and converging consumption patterns. Political globalization is discussed through examples like the European Union and NATO, which establish international norms and ease movement and trade but can also decrease accountability. The global economy refers to interconnected worldwide economic activities between countries that can have positive or negative impacts, and emerging markets are important for long-term world economic outlook and microeconomic importance.
Globalization represents an unavoidable phenomenon in the history of mankind, which is making the world smaller and smaller by increasing the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge and cultures between different countries, therefore, it is very important to understand the "why, where, what and how" of our current situation.
Religion has evolved over time as a way for humans to explain the world and find purpose, tapping into primal instincts. It began as a way to understand illnesses, natural disasters, and the laws of the universe. While modern science has given new explanations, religion persists by continuing to fulfill psychological and social needs through community and traditions.
The document discusses different ways that religion is communicated, including evangelism, music, literature, and websites. It also covers the portrayal of religion in media, noting that coverage depends on a country's press freedom policies and can show religious practices or cultural traditions, though bias may occur in how events are portrayed between religious groups.
This document discusses different perspectives on the study of religion from a sociological viewpoint. It begins by acknowledging that religion can be a difficult subject to study objectively, as people hold deep commitments. It then defines religion and outlines different classifications of religious beliefs, including polytheism, monotheism, animism, and atheism. The document also categorizes social organizations of religion into ecclesia, denominations, sects, and new religious movements. It explores functionalist and conflict perspectives on religion's role in society from theorists like Marx, Weber, and Stark. In the end, it provides a brief historical fact about Desmond Doss as an example of religious commitment.
The document discusses global media cultures and the relationship between media, culture, and globalization. It outlines five stages of media development from oral communication to digital media that have influenced globalization. Media plays a key role in shaping global processes by allowing for the spread of economic, political, and cultural aspects around the world. While global products and culture are spread through media channels, local cultures also collaborate and compete with global influences, resulting in hybrid cultural forms. The dynamic interplay between local and global ensures the ongoing relevance of both spheres in an increasingly interconnected world.
This document discusses global demography, including the definition of demography as the study of human populations and how they change based on environmental, geographic, and climatic factors. It notes that as of February 2020, the world population was approximately 7.8 billion people. Demographers study populations to determine their current size and composition and predict future changes based on factors like birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns.
This document discusses global demography, population, urbanization, and ecology. It defines key demographic concepts like population, demography, fertility, mortality, and migration. It explains how demographers study and analyze population size, composition, distribution and changes. Tools of demography discussed include count, rate, ratio, proportion, and cohort/period measures. Population composition and density are addressed. The document details factors influencing global fertility rates, improvements reducing mortality, and impacts of migration on population structure. World population statistics from 2019 are also provided. The document concludes with an announcement about an upcoming quiz on global cities.
The Contemporary World: Global Economic StructuresAntonio Delgado
This document discusses economic globalization and related topics through four main sections. It begins by defining economic globalization and its emergence in the 1500s. It then examines the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 to regulate international monetary systems and addresses organizations it created like the IMF and World Bank. Other economic organizations are also outlined. Finally, it explores the role of multinational corporations in globalization through foreign direct investment and other activities.
On the great disparity between the Global North and South Today. It also presents two schools of thought on the causes of disparity i.e., Classical Liberal Economic Theory and Dependency Theory.
Reference: Kegley
Global media corporations like Disney, Time Warner, News Corporation, and Viacom own the majority of global media and promote globalization through their mainstream news channels like CNN, Fox News and BBC in English. While globalization faces criticism, the influence of major media corporations is still limited in some third world countries due to a digital divide, as seen through a lack of internet access, expensive technology, and poverty.
The document compares Eastern and Western concepts of self. In Eastern thought as seen in Confucianism and Taoism, the self is relational and defined by relationships, and self-cultivation is important. In Confucianism, living according to principles like propriety and righteousness is valued. Taoism sees the self as an extension of nature and the cosmos, valuing selflessness. Buddhism sees the self as composed of five aggregates and teaches anatman, that there is no permanent self. The ultimate goal is nirvana or enlightenment. In Western thought, the self is distinct from others and defined by individual attributes, while Eastern thought focuses more on social roles and relationships.
This document discusses global cities and their role in globalization. It defines global cities as important nodes in the global economic system that facilitate global operations and trade. Global cities experience both benefits and challenges from globalization. They attract global talent and foster cultural diversity but also face issues like inequality, poverty, and the potential for terrorist violence. While global cities create wealth, they also experience widening wealth gaps and the hollowing out of the middle class. The conclusion emphasizes that global cities are material representations of globalization that generate opportunities but also inequalities, making the question of a more just globalization partly about making cities more equitable.
Rizal was a Filipino nationalist who published novels criticizing Spanish rule. He was arrested and tried by a military tribunal for rebellion despite being a civilian. He was found guilty in a biased trial and executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896 at age 35, solidifying his status as a martyr for Philippine independence.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures around the world. It involves the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people between countries. While globalization offers opportunities through increased trade and cultural exchange, critics argue it favors wealthy nations and corporations over poorer countries and local communities. There are differing views on whether globalization should be altered, ended, or embraced for its opportunities.
SUBJECT: The Contemporary World
TOPIC: Global Migration
NOTE:
I also made a presentation for this (pptx format). Kindly Search it here in my profile or you can click this link https://www.slideshare.net/NiaMaeSabillo/global-migration-250432429. Thank you!
Positive and Negative Effects of ReligionNorlyn Traje
This document summarizes some positive and negative effects of religion. Positive effects include charitable giving that helps those in need, promoting ethics in political life by advocating for equality, and bringing people together in communities. However, religion can also fill people with fear, turn people against each other by identifying some religions as the sole truth, and seek power like corporations which can lead to violence and warfare over religious differences. Overall, religion has significantly impacted history both positively and negatively.
This document discusses several key concepts and metaphors related to understanding globalization, including:
1) Cultural homogenization and the uniformity of culture worldwide due to processes like cultural diffusion and the spread of capitalism.
2) The role of information and communication technologies in enabling the flows of finance, capital, ideas, and people across borders that drive globalization.
3) The changing roles and authority of nation-states in a globalized world where power and influence are spread across international and regional organizations.
4) The complex relationships between globalization, inequality, and processes like democratization and the growth of human rights and civic activism.
5) Transnationalism as a related but more delimited
This course introduces students to globalization through examining its economic, social, political, and technological transformations that have increased global interconnectedness. Over 18 weeks, students will analyze different aspects of globalization like the global economy, population movements, and sustainability issues. Students will complete assessments like quizzes, presentations, and a final research paper on a topic related to globalization.
The document discusses the global divides between the Global North and Global South. It defines the Global North as developed countries in Europe and North America that make up 1/4 of the population but have 4/5 of the world's income. The Global South refers to developing countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America that make up 3/4 of the population but only 1/5 of the world's income and tend to have higher poverty, conflict, and less political stability. It notes measures have been taken through globalization and UN programs to try to narrow the socioeconomic gaps between the two regions.
The document provides background information on Christianity, including key beliefs, writings, worship practices, religious leaders, ceremonies, symbols, and festivals. It discusses that Christians believe in one God manifested in three forms - God the Father, Jesus Christ his son, and the Holy Spirit. Jesus is believed to have been born to Mary, performed miracles, and was crucified and resurrected, offering salvation. The Bible contains the Old and New Testaments and guides Christians. Worship occurs in churches and involves prayers, music, and communion. Important ceremonies include baptism, confirmation, weddings, and funerals.
The document summarizes the socio-cultural setting of the Philippines. It describes Filipino culture as having strong family and community relationships. It also notes the influence of Western culture being more prominent in urban areas, while rural areas rely more on farming, fishing, and forestry for occupation. Traditional arts reflect the diverse cultural influences of Malay, Chinese, Islamic and European traditions that have shaped Philippine national identity over time.
Globalization is the process by which ideas, knowledge, information, goods, and services spread around the world through integrated economies marked by free trade and movement of capital and labor. The document discusses the three main components of economic globalization: production, finance, and markets. It also examines cultural globalization through the globalization of food, sport, and converging consumption patterns. Political globalization is discussed through examples like the European Union and NATO, which establish international norms and ease movement and trade but can also decrease accountability. The global economy refers to interconnected worldwide economic activities between countries that can have positive or negative impacts, and emerging markets are important for long-term world economic outlook and microeconomic importance.
Globalization represents an unavoidable phenomenon in the history of mankind, which is making the world smaller and smaller by increasing the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge and cultures between different countries, therefore, it is very important to understand the "why, where, what and how" of our current situation.
Religion has evolved over time as a way for humans to explain the world and find purpose, tapping into primal instincts. It began as a way to understand illnesses, natural disasters, and the laws of the universe. While modern science has given new explanations, religion persists by continuing to fulfill psychological and social needs through community and traditions.
The document discusses different ways that religion is communicated, including evangelism, music, literature, and websites. It also covers the portrayal of religion in media, noting that coverage depends on a country's press freedom policies and can show religious practices or cultural traditions, though bias may occur in how events are portrayed between religious groups.
This document provides an overview of religion from a sociological perspective. It defines religion and discusses its universal nature and influence. Religion is interwoven with social, economic, and political life. The sociological study of religion focuses on its structure, organization, and role in society. Various religious structures like churches, sects, denominations and cults are described. The functions and dysfunctions of religion for individuals and society are outlined. The document also discusses folk Catholicism, faith healing, occult practices, and the separation of church and state in the Philippines.
This document provides an overview of religion from a sociological perspective. It defines religion and discusses its universal nature and influence. Religion is interwoven with social, economic, and political life. The sociological study of religion focuses on its structure, organization, and role in society. Various religious structures like churches, sects, denominations and cults are described. The functions and dysfunctions of religion for individuals and society are outlined. The document also discusses folk Catholicism, faith healing, occult practices, and the separation of church and state in the Philippines.
If you’re looking for the Most Beautiful Religion in The World, then you are at the right place. In this article, we will discuss the Most Beautiful Religion in The World.
Islam began in Arabia in the 7th century CE and has since spread worldwide. There are approximately 1-1.5 billion Muslims globally, making Islam one of the largest religions. The majority of Muslims live in Asia and Africa, concentrated in a geographic rectangle from West Africa to Southeast Asia. All Muslims learn some Arabic and share certain cultural traditions like Arabic calligraphy and architecture featuring minarets from which the call to prayer is chanted five times daily.
Religion as a repository of nigeria national communication policy israel udom...Alexander Decker
This document discusses how religion serves as a source for communication policies in Nigeria. It examines two dominant religions in Nigeria - Islam and Christianity. Some key points:
1) Religious actions, statements by religious leaders, and beliefs from holy books have influenced the behavior and regulation of mass communication in Nigeria.
2) While the Nigerian constitution provides the ultimate source of communication policy, the lack of a formal national policy leaves room for religious influences.
3) Examples of religious influences on policy include the first printing press established by the Presbyterian Church and restrictions on media coverage of religious events to avoid conflicts between faiths.
This document provides an overview of religion from several perspectives:
1. It defines religion and key religious concepts like sacred, profane, faith, and ritual.
2. It outlines three sociological approaches to analyzing religion: structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and social conflict theory.
3. It discusses several world religions - Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism - and compares religious practices between Eastern and Western traditions.
This document discusses several key concepts related to religion and belief systems. It defines religion as pertaining to supernatural beings and forces according to anthropologists. It also discusses the differences between religious and non-religious phenomena, and provides examples of animism, polytheism, monotheism, and institutionalized religion. It notes that institutionalized religions have hierarchical leadership structures and codified rituals, and provides examples of the separation of church and state in historical and modern societies.
God save me! The North American Christian FundamentalismYury Fontão
The work was presented in a discipline in the course of
International Relations, aiming to demonstrate the main thinkers and theological currents that underlie Christian Fundamentalism in the United States of America.
I hope you like it, good reading everyone!
Religion is defined as people's beliefs and opinions concerning the existence of god/gods and their involvement in the universe and human life. It denotes belief in or worship of spiritual beings that transcend nature. Religions often have scriptures, rules for membership, and organized practices like worship services and prayers. They serve functions like helping people bear suffering by justifying it, and promoting social welfare through charitable institutions. Theories suggest religion evolved from animism to polytheism to monotheism. The Philippines constitution mandates separation of church and state.
The document discusses sociological perspectives on religion from theorists such as Durkheim, Marx, and Weber. Some key points:
- Durkheim viewed religion as a social construct that binds society through shared beliefs and rituals. It represents a collective conscience that exists beyond individuals.
- Marx saw religion as promoting false consciousness and acceptance of unequal conditions, especially among the working class. It encourages resignation to earthly suffering.
- Weber linked the rise of Protestantism to the establishment of modern capitalism, as its doctrine of predestination influenced values like hard work and thrift.
Religion is a set of beliefs concerning life, the universe, and how humans relate to the sacred or divine. Most religions have organized practices like congregations for prayer, scriptures, and places of worship. Sociologists study religion's role in society and its relationship to social and economic structures. The world's major religions include Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and others. Christianity's central beliefs include that the Bible is God's word, Jesus is God incarnate who died for humanity's sins, and salvation comes through faith. Its main symbols are the cross and dove.
Main content17-1The Sociological Study of ReligionLO 1Define.docxendawalling
Main content
17-1The Sociological Study of Religion
LO 1
Definereligion and identify its key components.
What is religion? Religion is a social institution composed of a unified system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals—based on some sacred or supernatural realm—that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community. Based on this definition, religion is a stable institution that exists independently from individuals who attend religious services or officials (such as priests, pastors, or other clergy) in the administrative hierarchy. Religion is sometimes thought of as a platform for the expression of spirituality—the relationship between the individual and something larger than oneself, such as a broader sense of connection with the surrounding world. As such, spirituality involves the individual’s inner, subjective feelings and experiences rather than the act of giving devotion to external beliefs, rituals, and deities that are set forth in established creeds or religious communities.
In the final analysis, both religion and spirituality require that persons engage in a leap of faith—a confident belief that cannot be proven or disproven but is accepted as true. Religious beliefs require faith because religion provides answers for seemingly unanswerable questions that underlie human existence. According to the sociologist Peter Berger (1967), these questions are Who am I? Why am I here? How should I live? What happens when I die? Berger suggests that religion provides a system of meaning that connects people to society and provides them with a sense of purpose that transcends the ordinary realm of life (Figure 17.1). Consequently, religious beliefs bind people together and establish rites of passage through various stages of life, such as birth, marriage, and death. People with similar religious beliefs and practices gather together in a moral community (such as a church, mosque, temple, or synagogue), where they engage in religious beliefs and practices with similarly minded people.
Figure 17.1
Hanukkah, a major holiday in Judaism, provides worshippers with the opportunity to come together and worship their Creator and celebrate their community.
Noam Armonn/ Shutterstock.com
Given the diversity and complexity of contemporary religion, how is it possible for sociologists to study this social institution? Most sociologists studying religion are committed to the pursuit of “disinterested scholarship,” meaning that they do not seek to make value judgments about religious beliefs or to determine whether particular religious bodies are “right” or “wrong.” However, many acknowledge that it is impossible to completely rid themselves of those values and beliefs into which they were socialized.
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17-1aReligion and the Meaning of Life
Because religion seeks to answer important questions such as why we exist and why people suffer and die, Peter Berger (1967) referred to religion as a sacred canopy—.
An Invitation to the Study of World Religions Chapter 1ProfessorWatson
The document discusses several key aspects of the academic study of religion:
1) It examines different approaches and definitions of religion proposed by scholars like Durkheim, James, and Tillich.
2) It explores what religions typically do, such as respond to human needs and provide explanations for ultimate reality.
3) It outlines Ninian Smart's model of the different dimensions of religion, including mythic, doctrinal, ethical, and social dimensions.
4) It discusses some challenges religions face in the modern world with modernization, urbanization, globalization, and secularization.
The document discusses religion and belief systems from an anthropological perspective. It begins by defining religion and examining religious phenomena across cultures. It then explores key concepts like animism, polytheism, monotheism, institutionalized religion, and religious practitioners. The document also analyzes religious activities such as magic, divination, and sacrifices. It examines the evolution of religion throughout history and in ancient societies. Finally, it discusses religious organizations and different types of cults based on their structure and relationship to society.
This document discusses religion from sociological and anthropological perspectives. It begins by defining religion and explaining its main functions according to different theories. It then describes various religious patterns like animism, polytheism, and monotheism. It also discusses institutionalized religion and how it differs from non-institutionalized forms. Finally, it briefly outlines types of religious practitioners and the separation of church and state.
Christianity began in the 1st century AD in Judea based on the teachings of Jesus and writings of Paul of Tarsus. It emerged as a small, disorganized religion that promised personal redemption after death. Key Christian practices and rituals include baptism, communion, prayer, and other sacraments. Globalization has impacted Christianity by diminishing cultural barriers but also causing conflicts as religions take on social identities. It fosters a pluralistic culture where faiths interact but also promotes secularization in some societies. Major world religions share values of dignity, equality and peace despite their distinct beliefs.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2. Learning Objectives
After studying the unit, the students should be able to:
-Explain how globalization affects religious practices
and beliefs
-Analyze the relationship between religion and global
conflict, and conversely, global peace.
3. DEFINING RELIGION
System of socially shared
symbols, beliefs, and rituals
that is directed toward a
sacred, supernatural realm and
addresses the ultimate
meaning of existence.
4. The English word religion is from the Latin verb religare, which
means “to tie” or “to bind fast”. A contemporary scholar defines
religion as “a system of beliefs, rituals, and practices, usually
institutionalized in one manner or another, which connects this world
with the beyond. It provides the bridge that allows humans to
approach the divine, the universal life force that both encompasses
and transcends the world”. This substantive definition of religion
limits religion to the belief in supernatural or divine force. However,
for its functional definition, religion is anything that provides an
individual with the ultimate meaning that organizes his/her entire life
and worldview (as cited in Lanuza and Raymundo, 2016)
6. a religious organization that claims to possess the
truth about salvation exclusively. A classic example
is the Roman Catholic Church. The church
includes everybody or virtually everybody in a
society. Membership is by childbirth: new
generations are born into the church and are
formally inducted through baptism
CHURCH
7. the sect also perceives itself as a unique
owner of the truth. However, it constitutes
a minority in a given society. Recruitment
takes place through conscious individual
choice.
SECT
8. in contrast to the church and sect, the
denomination is oriented toward cooperation, at
least as it relates to other similar denominations.
People join through individual and voluntary
choice, although the most important form of
recruitment in established denominations takes
place through childbirth.
DENOMINATIO
N
9. the concept of cult was introduced in 1932
by sociologist Howard Becker. Lanuza
(1999) provides a comprehensive
definition of a cult:
CULT
10. A non-traditional form o religion, the doctrine of which is taken from
diverse sources, either rom non traditional sources or local
narratives or an amalgamination of both, whose members
constitute either a loosely knit group or an exclusive group which
emphasizes the belief in the divine element within the individual
and whose teachings are derived rom either a real or legendary
figure, the purpose of which is to aid the individual in the full
realization of his or her spiritual powers and/or union with the
Divine. The label cult is often attached to a religious group that
society considers as deviant or nontraditional. Hence, the term cult
is often used in a negative way.
11. NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS
(NRMS) AND INDIGENOUS
RELIGIOUS GROUPS
The term New Religious Movement came into use
among social scientist in the 1960s. It was an
alternative label for cults that have been negatively
portrayed by mass media and some social scientists.
New age groups are considered part of these new
religious movement
13. There are some 4,300 religions of the world. This is according to
Adherents, an independent, non-religiously affiliated organization
that monitors the number and size of the world's religions (Juan,
2006). Worldwide, more than eight-in-ten people identify with a
religious group. A comprehensive demographic study of more than
230 countries and territories conducted by the Pew Research
Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life estimates that there are
5.8 billion religiously affiliated adults and children around the
globe, representing 84% of the 2010 world population of 6.9 billion
(Pew Research Center, 2012)
14. Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam
are five of the biggest religions in the world. Over the
last few thousand years, these religious groups have
shaped the course of history and had a profound
influence on the trajectory of the human race. Through
countless conflicts, conquests, missions abroad, and
simple word of mouth, these religions spread around
the globe and forever molded the huge geographic
regions in their paths (Kuzoian, 2015).
15. HINDUISM
originating on the Indian subcontinent and
comprising several and varied systems of
philosophy, belief, and ritual. Although the
name Hinduism is relatively new, having
been coined by British writers in the first
decades of the 19th century, it refers to a
rich cumulative tradition of texts and
practices, some of which date to the 2nd
millennium BCE or possibly earlier. If the
Indus valley civilization (3rd–2nd millennium
BCE) was the earliest source of these
traditions, as some scholars hold, then
Hinduism is the oldest living religion on
Earth
16. BUDDHISM
religion and philosophy that developed from
the teachings of the Buddha (Sanskrit:
Awakened One), a teacher who lived in
northern India between the mid-6th and mid-
4th centuries BCE. Spreading from India
to Central and Southeast Asia, China,
Korea, and Japan, Buddhism has
played a central role in the spiritual,
cultural, and social life of Asia, and
during the 20th century it spread to the
West.
17. CHRISTIANITY
stemming from the life, teachings, and
death of Jesus of Nazareth (the Christ, or
the Anointed One of God) in the 1st century
AD. It has become the largest of the world’s
religions. Geographically the most widely
diffused of all faiths, it has a constituency of
more than 2 billion believers. Its largest
groups are the Roman Catholic Church, the
Eastern Orthodox churches, and the
Protestant churches; in addition to these
churches there are several independent
churches of Eastern Christianity as well as
numerous sects throughout the world.
18. JUDAISM
monotheistic religion developed among
the ancient Hebrews. Judaism is
characterized by a belief in one
transcendent God who revealed himself
to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew
prophets and by a religious life in
accordance with Scriptures and
rabbinic traditions. Judaism is the
complex phenomenon of a total way of
life for the Jewish people, comprising
theology, law, and innumerable cultural
traditions
19. ISLAM
promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in
Arabia in the 7th century CE. The Arabic term
islām, literally surrender: illuminates the
fundamental religious idea of Islam—that the
believer (called a Muslim, from the active particle
of islām) accepts surrender to the will of Allah (in
Arabic, Allāh: God). Allah is viewed as the sole
God—creator, sustainer, and restorer of the
world. The will of Allah, to which human beings
must submit, is made known through the sacred
scriptures, the Qurʾān (often spelled Koran in
English), which Allah revealed to his messenger,
Muhammad. In Islam Muhammad is considered
the last of a series of prophets (including Adam,
Noah, Abraham, Moses, Solomon, and Jesus),
and
21. Globalization implicates religions in several ways. It calls forth
religious response and interpretation. Religions played important
roles in bringing about and characterizing globalization. Among the
consequences of this implication for religion is that globalization
encourages religious pluralism. Religions identify themselves in
relation to one another, and they become less rooted in particular
places because of diasporas and transnational ties. Globalization
further provides fertile ground for a variety of noninstitutionalized
religious manifestations and for the development of religion as a
political and cultural resource
23. It is the perspective of most intellectuals and
academics. Its view is that all secularizations would
eventually look alike and the different religions would
all end up as the same secular and “rational”
philosophy. It sees religion revivals as sometimes
being a reaction to the Enlightenment and
modernization.
1. The Modernist Perspective.
24. It rejects the Enlightenment, modernist values of rationalism, empiricism, and
science, along with the Enlightenment, modernist structures of capitalism,
bureaucracy, and even liberalism. The core value of post-modernism is
expressive individualism. The post-modernist perspective can include “spiritual
experiences,” but only those without religious constraints. Post-modernism is
largely hyper- secularism, and it joins modernism in predicting, and eagerly
anticipating, the disappearance of traditional religions. Globalization, by
breaking up and dissolving every traditional, local, and national structure, will
bring about the universal triumph of expressive individualism
2. Post-Modernist Perspective.
25. There is an alternative perspective, one which is post-modern in its
occurrence but which is pre-modern in its sensibility. It is best
represented and articulated by the Roman Catholic Church,
especially by Pope John Paul II. The Pope’s understanding is drawn
from his experiences with Poland, but it encompasses events in
other countries as well. Each religion has secularized in its own
distinctive way, which has resulted in its own distinctive secular
outcome. This suggests that even if globalization brings about more
secularization, it will not soon bring about one common, global
worldview.
3. The Pre-Modernist Perspective.
26. Transnational Religion and Multiple Glocalization
Throughout the 20th century migration of faiths across the globe
has been a major feature. One of these features is the
deterritorialization of religion – that is , the appearance and the
efflorescence of religious traditions in places where these
previously had been largely unknown or were at least in a minority
position
27. Transnational religion is a means of describing solutions to new-
found situations that people face as a result of migration and it
comes as two quite distinct blends of religious universalism and
local particularism.
1. It is possible for religious universalism to gain the upperhand, whereby
universalism becomes the central reference for immigrant communities.
In such instances, religious transnationalism is often depicted as a
religion going global.
2. It is possible for local ethnic or national particularism to gain or maintain
the most important place for local immigrant communities
28. In such instances, transnational national communities are
constructed and religious hierarchies perform dual religious and
secular functions that ensure the groups’ survival (164).
Fundamentalist or revivalist movement attempt to construct pure
religion that sheds the cultural tradition in which past religious life
was immersed.
Transnational religion is used to describe cases of institutional
transnationalism whereby communities living outside the national
territory of particular states maintain religious attachments to their
home churches or institutional.
29. Indigenization, hybridization or glocalization are processes that
register the ability of religion to mold into the fabric of different
communities in ways that connect it intimately with communal and
local relations . Global -local or glocal religion represents a genre
of expression, communication and individual identities . It involves
the consideration of an entire range of responses as outcomes
instead of a single master narrative of secularization and
modernization.
31. Indigenization is connected with the specific faiths with ethnic
groups whereby religion and culture were often fused into a single
unit. It is also connected to the survival of particular ethnic groups.
Vernacularization involved the rise of vernacular language
endowed with the symbolic ability of offering privileged access to
the sacred and often promoted by empires
32. Nationalization connected the consolidation of specific nations with
particular confessions and has been a popular strategy both in
Western and eastern Europe (171) .
Transnationalization complemented religious nationalization by
forcing groups to identify with specific religious traditions of real or
imagine national homelands or to adopt a more universalist vision
of religion