Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system, primarily due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation that increase greenhouse gas emissions. The key causes of global warming outlined in the document are increased greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere. Some of the major effects of global warming discussed are rising sea levels, more frequent extreme weather events like droughts and heat waves, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and impacts on biodiversity. The document recommends methods to control global warming such as using renewable energy, public transport, and reducing electricity usage to help limit temperature increases and mitigate future risks from climate change.

1. EVS PROJECT REPORT ON : -
Effect of Global Warming
Name : - Rajas Jayant Patil ROLL NO :- 43 SYBBA- CA
Teacher Name : - MRS. SHARDA PATIL

2. 1.Introduction
What is Global Warming? 'Global warming' is an
expression which refers to the effect of human
activities that produces the unnatural change on the
climate. It is an increase in earth‘s temperature due to
burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) and large-scale
deforestation, which results in emission of large
amounts of 'greenhouse gases' to the atmosphere.
Global warming refers to the rising
average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and
oceans, which started to increase in the late 19th
century and is projected to keep going up. Since the
early 20th century, Earth's average surface
temperature has increased by about 0.8 C (1.4 F), with
about two thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and
scientists are more than 90% certain that most of it is
caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse
gases produced by human activities such as
deforestation and burning fossil fuels. These findings
are recognized by the national science academies of all
the major industrialized nations.

3. An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels
to rise and will change the amount and pattern of
precipitation, and a probable expansion of subtropical
deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the
Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat
of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects
of the warming include more frequent occurrence of
extreme-weather events including heat waves,
droughts and heavy rainfall, species extinctions due to
shifting temperature regimes, and changesin crop
yields…

4. Global warming is the warming of the earth
through carbon dioxide (CO2) being pumped into
the atmosphere from tailpipes and smokestacks.
Then the gases trap heat like the glass in a
greenhouse. This is where the term the
“greenhouse effect” came from. Or we can say that
Global Warming is the theory that we as humans
are increasing greenhouse gases (the thick layer of
gases that catches the sun’s rays and heats the
earth) through industrialization causing more
gases and increasing the amount of sunlight that
gets caught and heats the Earth. Carbon dioxide is
the most common gas that causes global warming.
It should NOT be confused with climate change ! !
GLOBAL WARMING is the increase of the Earth’s
average surface temperature due to a build-up of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE is a broader term that refers to
long-term changes in climate, including average
temperature and precipitation.

5. 2.Review of literature
According to Scientists and Government organisations,
Concentration of Greenhouse Gases in the atmosphere
due to greenhouse effect is the major causes of Global
Warming. These gases especially CO2 have heat
trapping capability. So they trap heat and cause the
greenhouse effect, rising global temperatures.
Scientists say that the barrier insulating the continental ice caps is
melting. The scientists viewpoint is that global warming and
pollution from CO2 emissions are adding to greenhouse gases so
significantly that the Earth is warming up and will continue to warm.
“The impacts of warming temperatures in Antarctica are likely to
occur first in the northern sections of the continent, where summer
temperatures approach the melting point of water, 32 degrees F (0
degrees C)

6. Some of the main Causes of Global Warming are :-
1. Greenhouse Effects: - Greenhouse effect is the
phenomenon in which the heat and light of sun
enters to the earth's atmosphere but cannot go
out as they are trapped by the greenhouse gases,
as a result temperature rises.
2. Greenhouse Gases: - Greenhouse gases mainly
comprises of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous
oxide. These gases are lighter than air, so they rise
up to the outer limits of the earth‘s atmosphere
and settle up there, making an impenetrable
barrier that traps heat from escaping out into the
space, and keeping it within our environment, and
increases the temperature

7. 3. Agriculture : -Agriculture produces large amount of
methane and nitrous oxide worldwide, as accounted by
IPCC. There are numerous agricultural sources of
greenhouse gases. Livestock grazing, waste
management and digestive gases contribute half of the
emissions produced by agriculture. Nitrogen fertilizers
(used for increasing production) release nitrous oxide
and comprise 35 per cent of agricultural emissions.
4.

8. Effect of global warming
Wind Patterns • Walker circulation – huge
loop – across the Pacific (east to west); air
rises in western Pacific; returns eastward
at altitude of a few miles; sinks back to
surface and starts loop again. – Peru and
Ecuador Computer simulations

9. Changes in Precipitation • El Ninos –
rainfall in the southern USA and western
South America shows an increase in the
amount of precipitation falling in the next
100 years
•Heat Waves is an extended interval of
abnormally hot and usually humid
weather • lasts from a few days to over a
week. • will become more frequent and
more intense. European heat wave of
2003 – in France nearly 20,000 people
died • South Australian heat wave of 2006
• July 2006, USA – County of Los Angeles
“Since 1980, the earth has experienced 19 of
its 20 hottest years on record, with 2005 and
1998 tied for the hottest and 2002 and 2003
coming in second and third.” -Natural.

10. • More than 7 million acres burned.
Tropical Cyclones
• A tropical cyclone is a warm-core, low
pressure system that develops over the
tropical or subtropical waters
• Also known as hurricanes or typhoons
Floods
• Flooding will occur due to rising sea
levels from increased precipitation and
melting glaciers.
• Eroded sea shores as consequence

11. There are Numerous Effects of Global
Warming,
Some of the effects of global warming observed across the
world are :-
Rise in Sea Levels : - Due to rise in
temperature, the Glaciers present in polar
regions are melting rapidly, as a result there is
sufficient rise in sea level
Droughts and Floods: - Higher temperature leads
to faster evaporation of water and leads to drought in
one part, and heavy rainfall causes flooding in other
part of the world. Experts have estimated that, drought
conditions might be increasing by at least 66 percent in
upcoming years.
Effects on Biodiversity : - Wildlife researchers have noticed
some of the strong species migrating to the poles, far north and far
south to maintain their needed habitat, for example the red fox
normally an inhabitant of North America is now seen living in the
Arctic. Also it has been noticed that loss of species and endangerment
is rising along with the global temperatures

12. Temperatures Weather in recent winters Glacier and Ice
Cap Melting
• Evidence of global warming is very apparent in the
recent melting of ice sheets.
• Two places where melting has become extremely
visible are Antarctica and Greenland.
• One problem with this is that much less heat is
absorbed by snow than by water, thus worsening the
effect as the ice retreats.

13. • One area of particular concern is the Himalayans. 1/3
of the worlds fresh drinking water comes from the run
off from this glacier system.
• A direct consequence from our polluting actions will
be the disappearance of these vital glaciers.
• Between the years 1860-1900 average temperatures
have increased by 0.75 degrees Celsius.
• Over the past 100 years global temperatures have
risen by 1.3 degrees.
• Recent winter was the warmest winter ever recorded(
in the history of the planet Earth).
• 10 out of the past 14 years are the warmest on record.
Sea level rising
• Possibly the biggest threat brought by global warming
is rapid sea level changes.
• Two years ago the entire Larsen B ice shelf broke away
into pieces in less than a month. Scientists thought it
would be at least a decade before this shelf melted,
even with global warming.
• Both Greenland and Western Antarctica are depleting
at shocking rates.
• Not all of global Warming's effects are unprecedented.

14. 3. Methods
How To Control Global Warming ?
We need to control global warming to reduce the
future risk. Global warming is the increase in the
average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface
air and oceans in recent decades and its projected
continuation. Global warming is a very serious
issue. The future would be very terrible if we
don’t take any action to reduce it right away.
 Use Public Transport.
 Use Renewable Energy Like Wind Power.
 Burn Methane.
 Use Smart Cooler, Heater & Air Conditioner.
Tune up and maintain vehicles properly.
 Clean the air in your house.
 Reduce electricity usage to the maximum.
 Prefer recycling.
& Go Green... SAVE PLANET……….!

16. We can save electricity and reduce global
warming by turning off lights, television, video
player, stereo and computer and many other
electrical appliances, when not in use.
GLOBAL WARMING DUE TO GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
Warming of earth by green house effect is occurring
since many centuries, it is only due to this effect that
good temperature for living is maintained on the earth
surface but now due to large scale pollution resulting
from rapid industrialization fossil fuel burning
,deforestation etc .this effect has become more severe.

17. 4.Result
As the ice melts, big chunks of glaciers will break
off and become like ice cubes in a big glass of
water. The ice chunks, known as icebergs, create
mass in the ocean. The icebergs displace the
water causing the ocean level to rise. Some of
the shoreline in many places like Florida (where
the land is at a low altitude) will go under water.
This melting could increase the oceans height by
up to 2 feet in only one century! This would
mean many heavily populated costal cities would
flood causing millions maybe billions of dollars
and damage and the potential loss of life in these
cities..

18. 5.Conclusion
The term global warming was probably first used in its modern
sense on 8 August 1975 in a science paper by Wally Broacher
in the journal Science called "Are we on the brink of a
pronounced global warming?". Broacher’s choice of words
was new and represented a significant recognition that the
climate was warming; previously the phrasing used by
scientists was "inadvertent climate modification," because
while it was recognized humans could change the climate, no
one was sure which direction it was going. The National
Academy of Sciences first used global warming in a 1979 paper
called the Carney Report, it said: "if carbon dioxide continues
to increase no reason to doubt that climate changes will result
and no reason to believe that these changes will be negligible."
The report made a distinction between referring to surface
temperature changes as global warming, while referring to
other changes caused by increased CO2 as climate change.
Global warming became more widely popular after 1988 when
NASA climate scientist James Hansen used the term in a
testimony to Congress. He said: "global warming has reached
a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of
confidence a cause and effect.

20. THANK YOU…..!