The objective of this study is to assess the hydrography in the lentic and lotic ecosystems. According to this study, the Water Quality Index of lentic ecosystem is highest in the Kukkarahalli lake (106.32), followed by Karanji lake (97.42), Varuna lake (95.73) and lowest in the Kamana lake (94.62). The Water Quality Index of lotic ecosystem (Kavery river) is highest in the Sangama (99.33), followed by Snanghat (96.40), Chandravana (93.05) and lowest in the Paschimavahini (90.48). So, the Water Quality Index of lentic ecosystem is higher than the loticecosystem in general. This indicates that, the water quality of standing water is deteriorated more than the running water
Assessment of Physicochemical parameters and Water Quality Index of Vishwamit...IJEAB
Development and industrialisation exert pressure on the riverine system deteriorating the serenity of the rivers. The present study was carried out in Small River flowing through Vadodara city viz., Vishwamitri River. The study revealed better water quality before its entry into the urban area. Despite of presence of STPs, there is poor water quality affecting the aquatic life and ecology. The paper throws light on pollution aspect and need to develop decentralised treatment system to tackle the river pollution problem.
Develop and Apply Water Quality Index to Evaluate Water Quality of Tigris and...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Water Quality Index for Assessment of Rudrasagar Lake Ecosystem, IndiaIJERA Editor
Water quality of lakes, rivers and reservoirs in developing countries like India is being degraded
because of the contaminated inflows and surrounding influence. There is a serious need for appropriate water
quality monitoring for future planning and management of Lake and other type of water resources. Quality of
water in Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura, India has been investigated in this paper. Water Quality Index (WQI) was
applied in Rudrasagar Lake India using water quality parameters like pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Hardness,
Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Nitrate. Based on the importance of the
parameter for aquatic life the relative weight is assigned to each water quality parameter ranged from 1 to 4.
Tests were performed on site using electronic measuring device as well as on Laboratory with samples of water
collected from different locations of Rudrasagar Lake. It shows that water quality of Rudrasagar Lake falls
within the ‗good water‘ category but marginally. Continuous monitoring of Rudrasagar lake is suggested for
proper management.
Assessment of Physicochemical parameters and Water Quality Index of Vishwamit...IJEAB
Development and industrialisation exert pressure on the riverine system deteriorating the serenity of the rivers. The present study was carried out in Small River flowing through Vadodara city viz., Vishwamitri River. The study revealed better water quality before its entry into the urban area. Despite of presence of STPs, there is poor water quality affecting the aquatic life and ecology. The paper throws light on pollution aspect and need to develop decentralised treatment system to tackle the river pollution problem.
Develop and Apply Water Quality Index to Evaluate Water Quality of Tigris and...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Water Quality Index for Assessment of Rudrasagar Lake Ecosystem, IndiaIJERA Editor
Water quality of lakes, rivers and reservoirs in developing countries like India is being degraded
because of the contaminated inflows and surrounding influence. There is a serious need for appropriate water
quality monitoring for future planning and management of Lake and other type of water resources. Quality of
water in Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura, India has been investigated in this paper. Water Quality Index (WQI) was
applied in Rudrasagar Lake India using water quality parameters like pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Hardness,
Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Nitrate. Based on the importance of the
parameter for aquatic life the relative weight is assigned to each water quality parameter ranged from 1 to 4.
Tests were performed on site using electronic measuring device as well as on Laboratory with samples of water
collected from different locations of Rudrasagar Lake. It shows that water quality of Rudrasagar Lake falls
within the ‗good water‘ category but marginally. Continuous monitoring of Rudrasagar lake is suggested for
proper management.
Joint Indonesia-UK Conference on Computational Chemistry 2015Dasapta Erwin Irawan
The following there slides were made for Joint Indonesia-UK Conference on Computational Chemistry 2015, consists of three abstracts:
1. Generalised mixed model of water quality in Cikapundung Riverbank using R
Author: Dasapta Erwin Irawan1*, Cut Novianti Rachmi2, Prana Ugi3, Dwi Suhandoko1, Ahmad Darul1, Nurjana Joko Trilaksono1
2. PCA computation to detect water interactions in Cikapundung Riverbank using R
Author: Dasapta Erwin Irawan1*, Cut Novianti Rachmi2, Prana Ugi3, Dwi Suhandoko1, Ahmad Darul1, Nurjana Joko Trilaksono1
3. Landfill Plume Identification : a Review
Author: Ramadhan, F.R1., Nafisah, L.A1., Yosandian, Hazmanu1., and Irawan, D.E 2.
Estimating of the water environment capacity is an important content of the assessment of regional environmental impact. Water environment capacity is very important in the field of environmental science and it can provide reliable data environmental planning and management of water. In this paper, lake is the research object and one-dimensional model of water quality is built according to the conservation of mass of pollutants in the lake. Meanwhile, the method for confirming model parameters is put forward. The model is based on investigation in lake water environment and is applied to calculate water environment capacity of Xiaohu. Main pollutants of Xiaohu are COD, TN, fluoride, volatile phenol, BOD5, whose water environment capacity are 581.008kg/d, 185kg/d, 61.553kg/d, 0.387kg/d, 25.098kg/d accordingly.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Water is a unique natural resource among all sources available on earth. It plays an important role in economic development and the general well-being of the country. This study aimed at using the application of water quality index in evaluating the ground water quality innorth-east area of Jaipur in pre and post monsoon for public usage. Total eleven physico–chemical characteristics; total dissolved solids, total hardness,chloride, nitrate, electrical conductance, sodium, fluorideand potassium, pH, turbidity, temperature) were analyzed and observed values were compared with standard values recommended by Indian standard and World Health Organization. Most of parameter show higher value than permissible limit in pre and post monsoon. Water quality index study showed that drinking water in Amer (221.58,277.70), Lalawas (362.74,396.67), Jaisinghpura area (286.00,273.78) were found to be highly contaminated due to high value of total dissolved solids, electrical conductance, total hardness, chloride, nitrate and sodium.Saipura (122.52, 131.00), Naila (120.25, 239.86), Galta (160.9, 204.1) were found to be moderately contaminated for both monsoons. People dependent on this water may prone to health hazard. Therefore some effective measures are urgently required to enhance the quality of water in these areas.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Environmental Flows in the Indian Context - Challenges and Potential Latha Anantha
Presentation made at Workshop held to felicitate Prof Ramaswamy Iyer, New Delhi 25- 27th November 2013, IIC - IHC New Delhi. Gives an overview of the status, potential and implementation challenges of E flows in Indian context
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Joint Indonesia-UK Conference on Computational Chemistry 2015Dasapta Erwin Irawan
The following there slides were made for Joint Indonesia-UK Conference on Computational Chemistry 2015, consists of three abstracts:
1. Generalised mixed model of water quality in Cikapundung Riverbank using R
Author: Dasapta Erwin Irawan1*, Cut Novianti Rachmi2, Prana Ugi3, Dwi Suhandoko1, Ahmad Darul1, Nurjana Joko Trilaksono1
2. PCA computation to detect water interactions in Cikapundung Riverbank using R
Author: Dasapta Erwin Irawan1*, Cut Novianti Rachmi2, Prana Ugi3, Dwi Suhandoko1, Ahmad Darul1, Nurjana Joko Trilaksono1
3. Landfill Plume Identification : a Review
Author: Ramadhan, F.R1., Nafisah, L.A1., Yosandian, Hazmanu1., and Irawan, D.E 2.
Estimating of the water environment capacity is an important content of the assessment of regional environmental impact. Water environment capacity is very important in the field of environmental science and it can provide reliable data environmental planning and management of water. In this paper, lake is the research object and one-dimensional model of water quality is built according to the conservation of mass of pollutants in the lake. Meanwhile, the method for confirming model parameters is put forward. The model is based on investigation in lake water environment and is applied to calculate water environment capacity of Xiaohu. Main pollutants of Xiaohu are COD, TN, fluoride, volatile phenol, BOD5, whose water environment capacity are 581.008kg/d, 185kg/d, 61.553kg/d, 0.387kg/d, 25.098kg/d accordingly.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Water is a unique natural resource among all sources available on earth. It plays an important role in economic development and the general well-being of the country. This study aimed at using the application of water quality index in evaluating the ground water quality innorth-east area of Jaipur in pre and post monsoon for public usage. Total eleven physico–chemical characteristics; total dissolved solids, total hardness,chloride, nitrate, electrical conductance, sodium, fluorideand potassium, pH, turbidity, temperature) were analyzed and observed values were compared with standard values recommended by Indian standard and World Health Organization. Most of parameter show higher value than permissible limit in pre and post monsoon. Water quality index study showed that drinking water in Amer (221.58,277.70), Lalawas (362.74,396.67), Jaisinghpura area (286.00,273.78) were found to be highly contaminated due to high value of total dissolved solids, electrical conductance, total hardness, chloride, nitrate and sodium.Saipura (122.52, 131.00), Naila (120.25, 239.86), Galta (160.9, 204.1) were found to be moderately contaminated for both monsoons. People dependent on this water may prone to health hazard. Therefore some effective measures are urgently required to enhance the quality of water in these areas.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Environmental Flows in the Indian Context - Challenges and Potential Latha Anantha
Presentation made at Workshop held to felicitate Prof Ramaswamy Iyer, New Delhi 25- 27th November 2013, IIC - IHC New Delhi. Gives an overview of the status, potential and implementation challenges of E flows in Indian context
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Water Quality Index for Assessment of Rudrasagar Lake Ecosystem, IndiaIJERA Editor
Water quality of lakes, rivers and reservoirs in developing countries like India is being degraded
because of the contaminated inflows and surrounding influence. There is a serious need for appropriate water
quality monitoring for future planning and management of Lake and other type of water resources. Quality of
water in Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura, India has been investigated in this paper. Water Quality Index (WQI) was
applied in Rudrasagar Lake India using water quality parameters like pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Hardness,
Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Nitrate. Based on the importance of the
parameter for aquatic life the relative weight is assigned to each water quality parameter ranged from 1 to 4.
Tests were performed on site using electronic measuring device as well as on Laboratory with samples of water
collected from different locations of Rudrasagar Lake. It shows that water quality of Rudrasagar Lake falls
within the ‗good water‘ category but marginally. Continuous monitoring of Rudrasagar lake is suggested for
proper management.
Evaluation of physico chemical parameters and microbiological populations o...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Evaluation of physico - chemical parameters and microbiological populations ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present investigation was carried out to evaluate physico-chemical parameters and total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal populations from Cauvery River water in the Pallipalyam region during the period from January 2009 to December 2009 . Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed using APHA standard procedure and microbiological count done by standard pour plate technique. The Physico-chemical parameters like temperature, hydroxyl ionic concentration (pH), electrical conductivity recorded were in a range of 24.7 - 29 C o, 7.5 - 9.2, and 406 - 982 μS/cm respectively. Besides, turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS ), Total hardness and Total alkalinity of river water samples recorded were in the ranges of 7 – 11 NTU, 5 - 12mg/L, 291-701mg/L , 3 - 5mg/L, 228-364mg/L, and 139 - 245mg/L respectively. Nitrite, Phosphate, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Chloride of the river water exhibits within the ranges of 0.012 - 0.102 mg/L, 0.019 -.023 mg/L, 41.08 - 77.24 mg/L, and 53.56 - 143.16 mg/L respectively. A calcium and magnesium levels of the water samples during the study period were analyzed and the results recorded were in the ranges of 57.31 - 101.4 mg/L and 27.22 - 57.35 mg/L respectively. The amount of Sodium, Potassium and Ammonical nitrogen of the water samples estimated were in the ranges of 35.44 - 88.57 mg/L and 3 - 8 mg/L, 5.83 and 3.26 mg/L respectively. Bicarbonates and carbonates levels analyzed during the study period recorded were in the ranges of 164.7-303.78 mg/L and 2.4 - 9.6 mg/L respectively. The total bacterial and fungal populations were recorded during the study period. The maximum and minimum values of population density were ranged between 4.3 - 0.5 X 103 CFU/ml, and 3.2 - 0.1 X 103 CFU/ml respectively. The values of Physico-chemical parameters recorded were indicated that, the river was polluted in terms of increased accumulation of xenobiotics compounds by anthropogenic activities .The immediate attention from the concerned authorities is required to protect river from further pollution. Index Terms: River Cauvery, Physico-Chemical parameter, Microbial Population, Statistical analysis
Assessment on the Ecosystem Service Functions of Nansi Lake in ChinaIJERA Editor
The assessment of ecosystem service functions is one of the focused area in modern ecological and
environmental research. As a typical shallow macrophytic lake in China, Nansi Lake is selected as the study
area. Based the indicator system and assessment models established in this research, the ecosystem service
functions of Nansi Lake are assessed. The results show that the ecosystem service function of drinking water
source area/aquatic product supply/ecological habitat/entertainment and landscape/ water purification function of
the lakeside zone for Nansi Lake is assessed as medium (2.2)/good (3.5)/medium (3)/medium (2.55)/medium (3),
and the overall ecosystem service function of Nansi Lake can be considered as ―Medium‖. The eutrophication
control and ecological restoration of lakeside wetland need to be enhanced in the future.
EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF VAIPPAR BASIN, TAMIL NADU, INDIA: A GEOI...SagarChougule11
The Vaippar Basin, one of the important basins of Tamil Nadu is located between 9° 0' 05" & 9° 44' 56" N latitudes and 77° 23' 25" & 78° 17' 02" E longitudes with an area of 5339 sq.km. Groundwater samples were collected from 91 different locations in the Vaippar basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Groundwater quality data for the period of 30 years (1983 to 2013) of both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods were used to analyze the groundwater quality aspects of the Vaippar basin. The physico-chemical parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO4-, NO3- and Cl have been analyzed to determine the geological and non-geological source of contamination. An overall hydrogeochemical analytical study using Electrical Conductivity, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium percentage (Na%) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) values reveals that most of the groundwater samples collected from the study area are suitable for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes.
Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals of Public...iosrjce
The study examined the physicochemical and heavy metal analysis of municipal water supply along
the distribution channels from source (raw water) to end user points of Kaduna metropolis. Water samples were
collected from the raw water sources of the treatment plants in the metropolis (Malali and Barnawa water
works), treated water from the treatment plant reservoirs, the three booster stations (Kawo, Lugard Hall and
Tudun Wada) and randomly from residential areas which includes; Malali, Barnawa, Tudun Wada, Marafa,
Kabala costain, Badiko, Kurmin Mashi and UnguwanSunusi area of the metropolis. The samples were analyzed
for pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium
hardness, alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, DO, BOD, COD, iron and free CO2 using standard procedure described
by American public Health Association(APHA),heavy metals such as chromium, lead, nickel, copper and
cadmium were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy, The result obtained was compared with the
WHO and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water set by the Standard Organization of Nigeria(SON). pH and
turbidity of all samples from raw water to treated water delivered to end users with mean values of pH of 5.67
for raw water and a range of 4.48-4.60 for treated water all falls above the permissible limit of 6.5-8.5, turbidity
values of 1883NTU for raw water and a range of 11.60-41.36NTU for treated water all falls above the
permissible limit of 5NTU for portable water other parameters were all within the standard limit, copper and
iron were detected in all samples but within the permissible limit ,lead ,chromium, nickel and cadmium were
above maximum permissible in all samples analyzed
Environmental risk assessment of Macabalan creek water in Cagayan de Oro, Phi...Innspub Net
Creek water carries both domestic and commercial wastewater consequently draining organic and inorganic pollutants to coastal water. The present study dealt on the environmental risk assessment of creek water stretching in Macabalan-Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Selected physicochemical analyses of water samples were carried in both temporal and spatial variations. Risk quotient (RQ), water quality index (WQI), and brine shrimp lethality test (BSL) was employed to draw environmental risk estimate. Overall, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were below the standard set regardless of temporal and spatial variations. Both RQ and WQI showed good statuses on creek water quality despite the low DO. The BSLT similarly indicated a higher concentration for LC50 to be established. The study was preliminary and further monitoring may be essential.
Environmental risk assessment of Macabalan creek water in Cagayan de Oro, Phi...Innspub Net
Creek water carries both domestic and commercial wastewater consequently draining organic and inorganic pollutants to coastal water. The present study dealt on the environmental risk assessment of creek water stretching in Macabalan-Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Selected physicochemical analyses of water samples were carried in both temporal and spatial variations. Risk quotient (RQ), water quality index (WQI), and brine shrimp lethality test (BSL) was employed to draw environmental risk estimate. Overall, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were below the standard set regardless of temporal and spatial variations. Both RQ and WQI showed good statuses on creek water quality despite the low DO. The BSLT similarly indicated a higher concentration for LC50 to be established. The study was preliminary and further monitoring may be essential.
Get full text at: https://goo.gl/WbzTt1
Correlation Study For the Assessment of Water Quality and Its Parameters of G...IOSR Journals
In the present work water samples are collected from six different Ghats of Ganga river in Kanpur city from March 2010 to February 2011 on monthly basis and water quality assessment is carried out. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) value is determined using correlation matrix to identify the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters. To test the significance of the pair of parameters p-value is carried out and in order to test the joint effects of several independent variables, without frequent or repeated monitoring of water quality in a location. Higher concentration of Chromium (6.7 mg/l) at Siddhnath ghat in June, and its monthly variation showed highly adverse effect on river Ganga due to tanneries effluent. It is found that significant positive correlation holds for Temp vs BOD GH1 (r= 0.99, p<0.01),><0.01),><0.01);><0.01),><0.01),><0.01).><0.01),><0.01),><0.01). Chromium is found that non significant correlation. The mean values of all the measured physico-chemical parameters of Ganga river water are within the highest desirable limit set by WHO except BOD.
Recent Advancement and Patents of the Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticlespeertechzpublication
In recent years, robustness and surface engineering of dosage form made improvement in
pharmacokinetics with decrease in dose of drug. Specifi city with adherence of ligands has now become
the reality as surface modifi cation can easily deceive phagocytic system. Lipid molecules ensures the
release of drug at lymphatic system, entrapment of polymeric nanoparticles in lipoidal core led to the
avoidance of disadvantage of low entrapment effi ciency if use of hydrophobic drug with hydrophobic
polymer becomes essential. Various studies have been published and the best formulations with optimal
In vitro and In vivo results are highlighted in this paper. In this review most advanced researches and
accepted patents were discussed so to act as a medium for getting everything regarding lipid polymer
hybrid particles under one umbrella.
Vibrational Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Newly Synthesized Ga...peertechzpublication
The gallium(III) complex of orotic acid (HOA) was synthesized and its structure was determined
by means of analytical and spectral analyses. Detailed vibrational analysis of HOA, sodium salt of HOA
(NaOA) and Ga(III)-OA systems based on both the calculated and experimental spectra confi rmed the
suggested metal-ligand binding mode. Signifi cant differences in the IR and Raman spectra of the complex
were observed as compared to the spectra of the ligand and confi rmed the suggested metal-ligand
binding mode.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Nitro-Mannich Bases Derived fr...peertechzpublication
The present work focused on exploring the reactivity of β-nitrostyrene towards Mannich reaction
with different approaches. The synthesized nitro-Mannich bases were tested as antimicrobial agents
that showed high activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Recent Structure Activity Relationship Studies of 1,4-Benzodiazepinespeertechzpublication
Structure activity relationship studies of 1,4-benzodiazepines have been discussed especially
with their effects as antianxiety and anticonvulsants. The currently available benzodiazepines are
associated with various side effects. Nowadays the purpose of these studies is to minimize side effects
with these drugs. A very little alteration is possible on the benzene ring while the modification can be
done on the diazepine ring. It can adopt the different conformations and in some cases some aromatic
and heterocyclic rings have been fused with this part in order to see the effect of these conformation
blockers on the pharmacological activity. The structure activity studies are also linked to molecular
modeling studies. This is important in adding some information for the interaction of these drugs with
the receptors and how this interaction can be improved.
Microwave Irradated Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation for their Antibacterial and Larvicidal Activities of some Novel Chalcone and Isoxazole Substituted 9-Anilino Acridines
drug delivery and formulation sciences in the most intelligent
way. This should be attained to fulfi l the ultimate goal for all
scientists to leave their experimental results all over the years
as footsteps for followers to walk on.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis cause severe disease of lungs known as Tuberculosis. It is a major cause
of morbidity and mortality even in the emerging countries also. However, to prepare an antibiotics drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major challenge
Mini tablets are solid dosage forms with a diameter ≤ 3 mm and separated into subunits of conventional
tablets. Production methods are similar to standard tablets, but the only difference is the use of multiple
punches. They have advantageous for use in patients suffering from swallowing difficulty and receiving multiple drug treatment.
Drug-Drug interactions (DDI) is a serious clinical issue. An important mechanism underlying of DDI, is
induction or inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters that mediate metabolism, cellular uptake and efflux of xenobiotics. DDI cannot be avoided in many cases, as they belong to routine medical practice.
In recent years, robustness and surface engineering of dosage form made improvement in pharmacokinetics with decrease in dose of drug. Specificity with adherence of ligands has now become the reality as surface modifi cation can easily deceive phagocytic system. Lipid molecules ensures the
release of drug at lymphatic system, entrapment of polymeric nanoparticles in lipoidal core led to the
avoidance of disadvantage of low entrapment effi ciency if use of hydrophobic drug with hydrophobic polymer becomes essential. Various studies have been published and the best formulations with optimal In vitro and In vivo results are highlighted in this paper. In this review most advanced researches and accepted patents were discussed so to act as a medium for getting everything regarding lipid polymer hybrid particles under one umbrella.
Few species are standardized and have been used as test organisms around the world in
ecotoxicological assays. In the case of sediment assessment, there are only two amphipod species
(Tiburonella viscana and Grandidierella bonnieroides) standardized protocols for toxicity test in South
Atlantic region
Gigantic submarine landslides are among the most energetic events on the Earth surface. During the
Late Pleistocene the Mediterranean Sea was the scenario of a 9 number of such events, some of whose
geological fi ngerprints are the 500 km3 mass transport deposit SL2 at the Nile delta fan (dated at ca. 110
ka BP) and the Herodotus Basing Megaturbidite (HBM, a 400 km3 deposit dated at ca. 27.1 ka BP).
Natural frequency of structure mainly depends on mass and stiffness. Stiffness is bound to change
after structural damage. Hence, natural frequency starts to decline.
In this study, the green-lipped mussels Perna viridis were collected from a high activity sampling at
Senibong in the Straits of Johore and two relatively clean sites with fi sh aquacultural activity at Bagan
Tiang (Perak) and Sg. Semerak (Kelantan). The mussels were dissected by gender into byssus, crystalline
style, foot, gill, gonad, mantle and muscle.
The current study examines the generation and propagation of a Third order solitary water wave along
the channel. Surface displacement and wave profi le prediction challenges are interesting subjects in the
fi eld of marine engineering and many researchers have tried to investigate these parameters. To study the
wave propagation problem, here, fi rstly the meshless Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
(ISPH) numerical method is described. Secondly,
The growth of data and its effi cient handling is becoming more popular trend in recent years bringing
new challenges to explore new avenues. Data analytics can be done more effi ciently with the availability of
distributed architecture of “Not Only SQL” NoSQL databases.
In modern mechanical engineering and steelwork the use of cold-rolled steel sections is a
standard method. These sections should be mechanically stable on the one hand and cost efficient on
the other hand. To decide what profile suits for a certain case is a constrained optimization problem which is in general non convex, i.e. several local optima exist.
Few species are standardized and have been used as test organisms around the world in
ecotoxicological assays. In the case of sediment assessment, there are only two amphipod species
(Tiburonella viscana and Grandidierella bonnieroides) standardized protocols for toxicity test in South
Atlantic region.
Gigantic submarine landslides are among the most energetic events on the Earth surface. During the
Late Pleistocene the Mediterranean Sea was the scenario of a 9 number of such events, some of whose
geological fi ngerprints are the 500 km3 mass transport deposit SL2 at the Nile delta fan (dated at ca. 110
ka BP) and the Herodotus Basing Megaturbidite (HBM, a 400 km3 deposit dated at ca. 27.1 ka BP). This
paper presents an exploratory study on the tsunamigenic potential of these slides by using a numerical
model based on the 2D depth-averaged non-linear barotropic shallow water equations.
Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate, within the scope of an experimental design, to
what extent the assessment of two different settings of prepared cavities, based on video sequences,
containing digital analysis tools of the prepCheck software, as well as to what extent they deviate from one another and are reliable. Materials and Methods: For
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
1. vv
Global Journal of Ecology
DOI CC By
0015
Citation: Padmanabha B (2017) Comparative study on the hydrographical status in the lentic and lotic ecosystems. Glob J Ecol 2(1): 015-018.
Life Sciences Group
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the hydrography in the lentic and lotic ecosystems. According
to this study, the Water Quality Index of lentic ecosystem is highest in the Kukkarahalli lake (106.32),
followed by Karanji lake (97.42), Varuna lake (95.73) and lowest in the Kamana lake (94.62). The Water
Quality Index of lotic ecosystem (Kavery river) is highest in the Sangama (99.33), followed by Snanghat
(96.40), Chandravana (93.05) and lowest in the Paschimavahini (90.48). So, the Water Quality Index of
lentic ecosystem is higher than the lotic ecosystem in general. This indicates that, the water quality of
standing water is deteriorated more than the running water.
Research Article
Comparative study on the
hydrographical status in the lentic and
lotic ecosystems
Padmanabha B*
Post graduate, Department of Applied Zoology,
Maharani’s science college for women, University of
Mysore. Mysuru-570005, India
Dates: Received: 07 August, 2017; Accepted: 21
October, 2017; Published: 23 October, 2017
*Corresponding author: Padmanabha B,
Post graduate, Department of Applied Zool-
ogy, Maharani’s science college for women,
University of Mysore. Mysuru-570005, India, E-mail:
Keywords: lentic, lotic; WQI; hydrography; lakes; Ka-
very; Mysuru
https://www.peertechz.com
Introduction
Water is essential for the survival of any forms of life. For
confirming the good quality of water resources large number
of physico-chemical or biological parameters studied in detail
and must be found in normal range. In any rational formulation
and deciding quality of water, an adequate knowledge of
existing nature of physico-chemical parameters, magnitude
and source of pollutants must be known, for which monitoring
of hydrographical parameters and pollutants is essential.
In recent years, rivers are the amongst the most vulnerable
water bodies to pollution as a consequence of unprecedented
development. Thus the water quality of these water resources is
a subject of ongoing concern and has resulted in an increasing
demand for monitoring river water quality. The quality of
water is described by its physical, chemical and microbiological
characteristics. Therefore a regular monitoring of fresh water
bodies not only prevents outbreak of disease and checks water
from further deterioration, but also provides a scope to assess
the current investments for pollution prevention and control.
A lotic ecosystem is the ecosystem of a river, stream or
spring. Included in the environment are the biotic interactions
(amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms) as well as the
abiotic interactions (physical and chemical). Lotic ecosystems
can be contrasted with lentic ecosystems, which involve
relatively still terrestrial waters such as lakes and ponds.
Together, these two fields form the more general study area
of freshwater or aquatic ecology. Lotic waters can be diverse in
their form, ranging from a spring that is only a few centimeters
wide to a major river that is kilometers in width. Despite these
differences, the following unifying characteristics make the
ecology of running waters unique from that of other aquatic
habitats. Flow is unidirectional. There is a state of continuous
physical change. There is a high degree of spatial and temporal
heterogeneity at all scales (microhabitats). Variability between
lotic systems is quite high.
Physico-Chemical analysis of water sample gives a picture
of the physical and chemical constituents which would give us
only certain numerical value but for estimating exact quality of
water an indexing system has been developed known as “Water
Quality Index (WQI)”. WQI gives us an idea regarding the quality
of entire aquatic system. Water quality index is defined as “a
rating of water quality, which reflects the composite influence
of different water quality parameters on the overall quality of
water”. Large amount of water quality data is reduced in to
single numerical value to formulate water quality index. The
water quality index of lotic ecosystems studies were carried
out by few researchers [1,2]. Few limnologists formulated
the Water quality Index in the lotic ecosystems to know the
water quality status [3-6]. Some other hydrologists assessed
the physico-chemical parameters and computed water quality
index in the ground water [7-9]. The comparative study was
carried out on water quality index in the lakes of Mysore [10].
The water quality parameters of Kavery river was quantified
and water quality index was computed [11,12]. The surface
water quality was assessed and compared by employing water
quality indices [13]. Water Quality Assessment was carried out
in terms of Water Quality Index [14].
2. 0016
Citation: Padmanabha B (2017) Comparative study on the hydrographical status in the lentic and lotic ecosystems. Glob J Ecol 2(1): 015-018.
The Kaveri is a large Indian river. The origin of the river is at
Talakaveri, Kodagu in Karnataka, flows through Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu and across the southern Deccan plateau. The water
from this river is used as potable water in the river basins of
Karnataka and Tamilnadu. The river water is supplied to cities
like Mysuru, Mandya, Bangalore etc., for drinking purpose. The
four lakes namely Kamana, Varuna, Karanji and kukkarahally
lakes are water feeding source to human utility and agriculture.
The present study is carried out to evaluate the suitability
of Kavery river water to human consumption and the water
quality of lotic ecosystem is compared with lentic ecosystems.
Materials and Methods
The surface water samples collected in each month from
January 2011 to December 2013 & subjected to hydrographical
analysis. The methodology followed as per standard
specifications [15-19], for the investigation of water quality
parameters. In this study few hydrographical parameter are
estimated in four sites (Sangama, Snanghat, Chandravana and
Paschimavahini) of the Kavery river and four lakes (Kamana,
Varuna, karanji and Kukkarahally lakes) in the Mysuru. Few
physicochemical parameters like pH, Dissolved oxygen, total
alkalinity, chloride, hardness, carbondioxde, were estimated
at spot immediately after collection of the sample and other
chemical analysis for total solids, calcium, magnesium, B.O.D.
carried out in laboratory.
Water Quality Index (WQI) computation
For the computation of the Water Quality Index, 9 Water
Quality parameters are considered [20,21]. The recorded Water
Quality Parameter values are compared with the ICMR and WHO
recommended standards [22-24], for water quality parameters
to compute Water Quality Index. Water quality parameters are
studied from the point of view to know the status of water
quality.
Water Quality Index (WQI) = ∑qiwi,. Where qi = quality
rating, wi = unit weight
1. Quality rating qi =100(Va-Vi) / (Vs-Vi) or
Where Va-Actual amount of nth water quality parameter,
Vi = The ideal value of water quality parameter, Vi = 0 except
for pH and D.O, (Vi= 7.0 mg/ lit for pH and Vs = 14.6 mg/ lit
for D.O.)
Vs- Standard Value
2. Unit Weight (wi) for various parameters is inversely
proportional to the recommend standard (Sn) for the
corresponding parameter
Wi= K/ Sn, Where K (constant) =
1
1 / 1 1 / 2 1 / 3 1 / 4 1 /Vs Vs Vs Vs Vsn
VSn = ‘n’ number of standard values (9 parameters).
Results and Discussion
According to the results, the quality rating of Biochemical
Oxygen Demand is more than 100 in the Chandravana (108)
and Sangama (126) of Kavery river. All other hydrographical
parameters are within 100, which indicates that all these water
quality parameters are within the prescribed standards. In
comparison, in the lotic ecosystem the highest Water Quality
Index is recorded in the Sangama (99.40) of Kaveri river
followed by Snanghat (96.40), Chandravana (93.05) and lowest
in the Paschimavahini (90.48) (Table 1).
According to the results, In Kamara lake only magnesium
(123.33) quality rating was more than 100, whereas other
parameters were within 100 indicates that these were within
the prescribed ICMR and WHO standards. In Karanji lake the
quality rating of dissolved oxygen (100) and magnesium (150)
was more than 100. In Kukkarahally lake the quality rating of
pH (153), total dissolved solids (132), dissolved oxygen (112.5),
total hardness (120) and magnesium (250) was more than 100.
All other parameters are within the prescribed standards. In
the lentic ecosystem the highest value of WQI is documented
in the Kukkarahalli Lake (106.32), followed by Karanji Lake
(97.42), Varuna Lake (95.73) and lowest in the Kamana Lake
(94.62).
As per the results in the table 1 & 2, the highest Water
Quality Index is recorded in the Lentic ecosystem (Kukkarahalli
Table1: Water quality rating and Sub index (qiwi) of four sites in the Kavery river.
Parameter Water Quality rating (qi)
unit weight
(wi)
Sub index (qiwi)
Paschima
vahini
Chandravana Snanaghat Sangama
Paschima
vahini
Chandravana Snanaghat Sangama
pH 71 53 80 73 0.20 14.2 10.6 16 14.6
TDS 55 50 14 43 0.004 0.165 0.2 0.05 0.17
Dissolved Oxygen 81 79 84 69 0.35 28.35 27.65 29.4 24.15
Biochemical
Oxygen Demand
88 108 97 126 0.35 30.8 37.6 34.2 44.1
Chloride 15.04 10.4 18 17.8 0.007 0.10 0.0728 0.12 0.12
Total Alkalinity 41 49 38 50 0.01 0.41 0.49 0.38 0.5
Total Hardness 50 49 49 32.4 0.005 0.25 0.245 0.24 1.62
Calcium 62 65 64 53 0.2 12.4 13 12.8 10.6
Magnesium 76 80 80 86.6 0.04 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.46
Water Quality Index (∑qi wi) 90.48 93.05 96.40 99.33
Average WQI of lotic ecosystem 94.8
3. 0017
Citation: Padmanabha B (2017) Comparative study on the hydrographical status in the lentic and lotic ecosystems. Glob J Ecol 2(1): 015-018.
Lake- 106.32) & lowest in the Lotic ecosystem (Paschimavahini
90.48). The average WQI was more in lentic ecosystem (98.5)
than lotic ecosystem (94.8).
Kukkarahalli lake is highly polluted due to sewage and
excessive land encroachments and blockage of water flow
source almost lead to the eutrophication of the lake so the
pollution is high in Kukkarahalli lake. In Karanji lake disposals
of sewage from the nearby residential areas are let into lake.
This pollution leads to the destruction of aquatic life in the
lake. In order to prevent the destruction of aquatic life in the
lake and to renovate it, restoration activities are undertaken by
zoo authority of Karnataka. The restoration activities includes
removal of polluted silt, de-weeding of the entire lake surface,
removing 30 cm of silt from the lake, restoration of feeder
channels. Kamana lake and Varuna lake are comparably less
polluted than other two lakes. Due to anthropogenic activities
such as washing, bathing, disposal of wastes, agricultural
runoff and domestic sewage water is excessively polluted.
In lotic ecosystem, among four sites the high WQI recorded
in the Sangama (99.33), followed by Snanghat (96.40),
Chandravana (93.05) and lowest in the Paschimavahini (90.48).
Increase in the WQI reflects higher pollution load so, Sangama
is highly polluted site than other 3 sites along Kaveri river due
to anthropogenic activities. In the Kavery river, Sangama has
higher pollution than snanghat. Here human activities are
more such as bathing, washing and disposal of wastes and also
it is one of the most attractive tourist spot where Large number
of peoples visited to this site this leads to very high floating
population. Because of this reason there is more pollution. In
Chandravana WQI recorded is (93.04). The main polluters in this
sites are agricultural runoff, industrial and domestic sewage.
Huge quantities of fertilizers and pesticides are discharged
into the river as agricultural runoff this leads to the pollution.
Similar observation was made by aquatic researchers in the
Kavery river at tamilnadu [25]. In other other lotic ecosystems
also the water quality deteriorated in the increasing order from
the upstream to the downstream [26-29].
When 0>WQI< 100 indicates that the water is considered
as good for human consumption. If WQI>100 reflects its
unsuitability for human use. It has been accepted that if WQI
< 50 (0–50) – fit for human consumption, WQI<80 (51–80) –
moderately polluted, WQI<100 (80-100) – Excessively polluted
and WQI > 100 – severely polluted [1,5,10]. In lotic ecosystem
the WQI of all the 4 sites are within 100. So, in future the water
quality may be deteriorate further and it may even hamper the
agricultural yield. So some necessary preventive measures to
control the pollution level increase. In the Lentic ecosystem the
Water Quality Index of Kukkarahalli lake is above 100. So, it
is highly polluted and the Water Quality of other 3 lakes are
below 100 and their pollution level increases significantly. In
conclusion, the higher water quality index indicated that lentic
ecosystems water quality deteriorated significantly when
compared with lotic ecosystem.
References
1. Mohanta BK, Patra AK (2000) Studies in the water quality index of river
Sanamachhakananda at Keonjargarh, Orissa, India. Poll Res 19: 377-385.
2. Sinha DK, Shilpi Saxena, Ritesh saxena (2004) Water quality index for Ram
Ganga river water at Moradabad. Poll Res 23: 527-531.
3. Bahera H, Pal L, Rout SP (2004) Seasonal variations in the water quality index
for Vani Vihar Lake in Bhuvaneshwar. In: Water pollution (Edr. Aravind Ku-
mar). APH Publ Corp, New Delhi. 199-209.
4. Mohanty SK (2004) Water quality index of four religious ponds and
its seasonal variation in the Temple city, Bhuvaneshwar. In: Water
pollution (Edr. Arvind Kumar). APH Publ Corp, New Delhi. 211-218. Link:
https://goo.gl/xNh5Rz
5. Kesharwani S, Mandoli AK, Dube KK (2004) Determination of water quality
index (WQI) of Amkhera pond of Jabalpur city (MP). Ntl J Life Sci 1: 61-66.
6. Swain SK, S Mohapatra, RK Patel (2005) A measure of pollution load in ponds
of Puri, Orissa on the basis of NSF-WQI suggestions. Poll. Res 24: 599-603.
7. Marriappan V, Jeyprakash R, Mallika RDD, Ramasubbu R, Ramasubramanian
V (2004) An analysis of Physico-Chemical characteristics of ground water
quality and quality index in and around Sivakasi town. In: Water pollution (Ed.
Arvind Kumar) APH Publ corp, New Delhi. 65-71.
8. Mariappan V, Rajan MR, Ravindran DA, Prabakaran PP (2005) A systematic
study of water quality index among the physico-chemical characteristics of
ground water in and around Thanjavur town. IJEP 25: 551-555.
9. Venkatasubramani R, Murali K, Meenambal T (2005) Ground water quality
index for Coimbatore east zone. Nat Env & Poll Tech 4: 199-202.
Table 2: Water quality rating and Sub index (qiwi) of four lakes.
Parameter Water Quality rating (qi) unit weight
(wi)
Sub index (qiwi)
Kamana lake Varuna lake Karanji lake Kukkarahally lake Kamana lake Varuna lake Karanji lake Kukkarahally lake
pH 46.6 93.33 73 153 0.20 9.32 18.66 14.6 30.6
TDS 76.6 50.6 80.6 132 0.004 0.3064 0.20 0.32 0.528
Dissolved Oxygen 97 97.91 100 112.5 0.35 33.95 34.26 35 39.375
Biochemical
Oxygen Demand
88 90 76 32 0.35 30.8 31.5 26.6 11.2
Chloride 32.4 16 16.8 38.4 0.007 0.22 0.11 0.1176 0.2688
Total Alkalinity 73.33 28.33 33 15.8 0.01 0.73 0.28 0.33 0.158
Total Hardness 45.2 25.2 90 120 0.005 0.22 0.126 0.45 0.6
Calcium 70 39 70 68 0.2 14 7.8 14 13.6
Magnesium 123.33 70 150 250 0.04 4.9 2.8 6 10
Water Quality Index (∑qi wi) 94.62 95.73 97.42 106.32
Average WQI of lentic ecosystem 98.5