This document provides an overview of global corruption cases from various countries around the world. It discusses corruption scandals and cases in Panama, Nigeria, Peru, Chechnya, Tunisia, Ukraine, Panama, Malaysia, Russia, Spain, Venezuela, the Maldives, Equatorial Guinea, South Africa, Myanmar, Guatemala, and Turkey. For each country or region, it summarizes the individuals involved in corruption, the methods used, and the impacts on the societies and governments.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A Political Economy of Trans-Border Migration Crises and Human Trafficking in...Przegląd Politologiczny
Encouraged by porous border boundaries in Africa, trafficking in persons and objects is
a demand-driven global venture that has market potential for: commercial sex, cheap labour, terrorism, and drug-related crimes. Most African States, especially Nigeria, have been reputed as hardliners
in encouraging these illicit trends. Chief among the motivating factors include: domestic insecurity,
political instability, economic recession, and institutional failure, etc. Amongst other instigating factors however, this paper takes a cursory look at the relationship between the twin crime of trans-border
migration crises and human trafficking in Nigeria, and the attendant political economic implications on
the Nigerian polity. Data relied on are largely gotten from secondary sources. The paper employs the
neoclassical political economic theory of migration. Findings from conceptual and theoretical reviews
of literatures show that the incentive for human trafficking and migration-related offences is not only
profit driven but also a fall-out from institutional failure. The paper recommends a taut border security,
which can disallow border-related crimes like drug and human trafficking. The paper also sues for
people-oriented leadership that will eschew illicit crimes such as the above.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A Political Economy of Trans-Border Migration Crises and Human Trafficking in...Przegląd Politologiczny
Encouraged by porous border boundaries in Africa, trafficking in persons and objects is
a demand-driven global venture that has market potential for: commercial sex, cheap labour, terrorism, and drug-related crimes. Most African States, especially Nigeria, have been reputed as hardliners
in encouraging these illicit trends. Chief among the motivating factors include: domestic insecurity,
political instability, economic recession, and institutional failure, etc. Amongst other instigating factors however, this paper takes a cursory look at the relationship between the twin crime of trans-border
migration crises and human trafficking in Nigeria, and the attendant political economic implications on
the Nigerian polity. Data relied on are largely gotten from secondary sources. The paper employs the
neoclassical political economic theory of migration. Findings from conceptual and theoretical reviews
of literatures show that the incentive for human trafficking and migration-related offences is not only
profit driven but also a fall-out from institutional failure. The paper recommends a taut border security,
which can disallow border-related crimes like drug and human trafficking. The paper also sues for
people-oriented leadership that will eschew illicit crimes such as the above.
Can we put an end to human smuggling? OECD Policy BriefOECD Governance
Policy Brief analysing the factors that facilitate human trafficking, as well as the known smuggling routes to OECD countries. Synthesising the evidence and reviewing current policy tools for tackling such crime this policy brief emphasises the need to undermine the business model of smugglers, including by reducing the demand for smuggling, fighting against corruption and addressing the root causes for irregular migration. For more information on OECD work on human trafficking and migration see:
www.oecd.org/migration/migration-policy-debates.htm
www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/human-trafficking.htm
Wildlife Trafficking and Illicit Financial Flows: The role of Financial Inves...OECD Governance
OECD HIGH LEVEL RISK FORUM - Task Force on Countering Illicit Trade
WCO-OECD Regional Policy Dialogue on Countering Illicit Trade: Addressing the Governance Gaps in Europe
WCO Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
7-8 November 2016
https://www.eiseverywhere.com/file_uploads/baa570ac042f8bd70259b7688aaa07cb_AgendaVERSION4.pdf
RUSI
Presentation by Tom Keatinge, RUSI Centre for Financial Crime & Security Stud...OECD Governance
Presentation by Tom Keatinge, RUSI Centre for Financial Crime & Security Studies, at the WCO and OECD Regional Policy Dialogue, 7-8 November 2016, Brussels. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/risk/oecdtaskforceoncounteringillicittrade.htm
This presentation provides an overview of corruption in China with attention given to the plight of politburo member and party chief of Chongqing Bo Xilai who has been sentenced to life in prison for bribery, embezzlement, and abuse of authority. September 2013
UAE is a destination for human trafficking for the purpose of commercial, labor and sexual exploitation.
Women and men are trafficked from various countries including, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Nigeria, Somalia, Ethiopia, Uganda, China, Philippines, Morocco and Iraq.
Can we put an end to human smuggling? OECD Policy BriefOECD Governance
Policy Brief analysing the factors that facilitate human trafficking, as well as the known smuggling routes to OECD countries. Synthesising the evidence and reviewing current policy tools for tackling such crime this policy brief emphasises the need to undermine the business model of smugglers, including by reducing the demand for smuggling, fighting against corruption and addressing the root causes for irregular migration. For more information on OECD work on human trafficking and migration see:
www.oecd.org/migration/migration-policy-debates.htm
www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/human-trafficking.htm
Wildlife Trafficking and Illicit Financial Flows: The role of Financial Inves...OECD Governance
OECD HIGH LEVEL RISK FORUM - Task Force on Countering Illicit Trade
WCO-OECD Regional Policy Dialogue on Countering Illicit Trade: Addressing the Governance Gaps in Europe
WCO Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
7-8 November 2016
https://www.eiseverywhere.com/file_uploads/baa570ac042f8bd70259b7688aaa07cb_AgendaVERSION4.pdf
RUSI
Presentation by Tom Keatinge, RUSI Centre for Financial Crime & Security Stud...OECD Governance
Presentation by Tom Keatinge, RUSI Centre for Financial Crime & Security Studies, at the WCO and OECD Regional Policy Dialogue, 7-8 November 2016, Brussels. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/risk/oecdtaskforceoncounteringillicittrade.htm
This presentation provides an overview of corruption in China with attention given to the plight of politburo member and party chief of Chongqing Bo Xilai who has been sentenced to life in prison for bribery, embezzlement, and abuse of authority. September 2013
UAE is a destination for human trafficking for the purpose of commercial, labor and sexual exploitation.
Women and men are trafficked from various countries including, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Nigeria, Somalia, Ethiopia, Uganda, China, Philippines, Morocco and Iraq.
Panama Papers - The Biggest Financial Leak in HistoryStinson
Heard about the Panama Paper leak but don't know what it is? Check out our quick summary for a run down of what's been going on.
Sources:
https://panamapapers.icij.org/blog/20160403-new-icij-investigation-exposes-rogue-offshore-industry.html
http://think-squad.com/post/142244482771/what-are-the-panama-papers-a-guide-to-the-biggest
http://nicaise.co.vu/post/142225824946
http://micdotcom.tumblr.com/post/142254284927/the-panama-papers-reveal-just-how-badly-the-1-is
http://mic.com/articles/139733/panama-papers-data-leak-these-are-the-11-biggest-politicians-named utm_source=policymicTBLR&utm_medium=main&utm_campaign=social#.c0eKdGslQ
https://news.vice.com/article/the-panama-papers-massive-leak-reveals-the-global-elites-secret-cash-havens
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6XnH_OnpO0
Proceeds of Crime and the Havoc it is Causing to Legitimate Business in Cameroonijtsrd
The business arena in Cameroon is facing a lot of challenges. Amongst them is the influx of illicit money. The attendant consequence, being a high probability of chasing out legitimate businesses and their proprietors from the Cameroonian market. This problem is made worst by the fact that those involved are politically exposed persons whom because of the corrupt nature of the country and a highly centralised government wield a lot of power thus weakening the existing legal framework put in place to check embezzlement and money laundering.This paper is meant to create awareness on the damaging effects of these illegal practices on our economy. This will enable law makers to design a legal framework with measures capable of preventing the flow of such illegitimate funds into the country's economy. Only such a move can create a conducive and healthy arena for doing business in Cameroon. One where there can be positive competition that can boost growth in an economy. Businesses run for the purpose of laundering money are unstable and do not help the economy in any way. Akuhfa Harriette | Prof. Galega Samgena D "Proceeds of Crime and the Havoc it is Causing to Legitimate Business in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29758.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/29758/proceeds-of-crime-and-the-havoc-it-is-causing-to-legitimate-business-in-cameroon/akuhfa-harriette
Legalised crime and the geography of corruption
–
London, New York, Geneva, Luxembourg, Hong Kong
…
By Basheerhamad Shadrach
If the world were to end extreme poverty, and redeem nearly one seventh of its population thatgoes hungry every day, we require some 175 billion dollars each year for the next 20 years. Thisneed constitutes less than 1 per cent of the combined income of the 30 richest countries of theworld that constitute the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Whilethe governments have the responsibility to help overcome poverty, it is ironical that governments of developing nations and the OECD combined lost between $190 billion and $225 billion in the 2012 totax havens that ensure the billion people go hungry.
Muhammad Saud KharalPhD in Social Science, Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.
Email: muhhammad.saud@gmail.com
Muhammad Saud KharalPhD in Social Science, Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.
Email: muhhammad.saud@gmail.com
Muhammad Saud KharalPhD in Social Science, Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.
Email: muhhammad.saud@gmail.com
Muhammad Saud KharalPhD in Social Science, Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.
Email: muhhammad.saud@gmail.com
Muhammad Saud KharalPhD in Social Science, Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.
Email: muhhammad.saud@gmail.com
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Global Corruption in theWorld
MUHAMMAD SAUD, BS Soc. MS Soc.
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Science,
Universitas Airlangga
Email: muhhammad.saud@gmail.com
“Sociology of Corruption”
Corruption causes inequity in society and
the gap between the rich and the poor
increases
2. What we have to discuss
• Introduction about Corruption
• Type of corruptions
• Panama Case
• Transparency International report
• Discussion on world corruption cases
5. Panama Papers
• The Panama Papers was the largest financial data leak in history
• It covers nearly 40 years, from the late 1970s through the end of 2015
• 214,488 offshore accounts revealed across 200+ countries
• The leaked documents illustrate how wealthy individuals and public
officials are able to keep personal financial information private
• They were created by a corporate service provider in Panama, “Mossack
Fonseca”
6. Mossack Fonseca
• A Panamanian law firm known for helping clients set up offshore
accounts
• Helps clients move money into offshore shell companies
• Their clients include criminals and members of various Mafia
groups, in addition to government officials
9. Lessons from the massive Siemens corruption scandal one decade later
• Ten years ago a colossal corruption scandal involving Siemens, one of the world’s largest
electrical engineering companies, shocked the world.The scale of it marked it out as the
biggest corruption case of the time.
10. DRAINING NIGERIA OF ITS ASSETS
• Sani Abacha was a Nigerian army
officer and dictator who served as
the President of Nigeria from 1993
until his death in 1998. His five-
year rule was shrouded in
corruption allegations, though the
extent and severity of that
corruption was highlighted only
after his death when it emerged
that he took between US$3 and $5
billion of public money.
11. FUJIMORI’S PERU: DEATH SQUADS,
EMBEZZLEMENT AND GOOD PUBLIC RELATIONS
• Fujimori presented a clean image to the public
during his presidency while he used death
squads to kill guerrillas and allegedly
embezzled US$600 million in public funds. After
fleeing to Japan in 2000, he became the first
elected head of state to be extradited to his
home country, tried and convicted for human
rights abuses.
12. KADYROV’S CHECHNYA:
BIKERS, BOXERS, BRIBES
• In Chechnya, everyone earning a wage
pays an unofficial tax to an opaque fund
controlled by the head of the republic,
Ramzan Kadyrov
13. SHUTTING DOWN COMPETITION INTUNISIA
• From 1987 to 2011, President Ben Ali
created laws that meant companies
needed permission to invest and trade in
certain sectors.This allowed him to shut
competition out whilst letting 220 family
businesses monopolise numerous
industries, including telecommunications,
transport and real estate. In 2010, these
businesses produced 3 per cent ofTunisia’s
economic output, but took 21 per cent of
the private sector profits. Unsurprisingly,
the BenAli family amassed US$13 billion.
14. UKRAINE’S MISSING MILLIONS
• A golf course, ostrich farm, private zoo and full-
size Spanish galleon replica were just some of the
attractions at Mezhyhirya, the multimillion dollar
137-hectare estate of Ukraine’s former President
ViktorYanukovych.
• Yanukovych and his family fled to Russia in
February 2014 after civil unrest sparked deadly
conflict claiming over 100 lives, including by
sniper bullets.Three years after these tragic
events, a Ukrainian court foundYanukovych
guilty of high treason and sentenced him to 13
years in prison in absentia.
15. RICARDO MARTINELLI’S SPY-
GAME IN PANAMA
• From 2009 to 2014, Martinelli allegedly
rigged tenders for public contracts,
including those for meals and school
bags, under Panama’s largest social
welfare scheme. Most notably, he is
accused of having used public funds to
monitor the phone calls of more than
150 people, including politicians and
journalists.
16. THE 1MDB FUND: FROM MALAYSIATO
HOLLYWOOD
• In 2009, the government of Malaysia set up a
development fund, 1Malaysia Development Berhad
(1MDB). But instead, it seems to have boosted the
bank accounts of a few individuals, including the
former prime minister himself, a fugitive financier
and a US rapper.
• Through a network of shell companies and layers of
transactions, billions of dollars of development
money was allegedly spent on luxury real estate in
New York, paintings and gifts for celebrities, among
other things. More than US$700 million may also be
held in Razak’s private account, despite his claims
that the money was a “donation” from a Saudi
prince.
17. THE RUSSIAN LAUNDROMAT (WITH A LITTLE
HELP FROM MOLDOVA) Money laundering
• The Russian Laundromat, a massive money
laundering scheme that siphoned off
somewhere between US$20-80 billion in
fraudulent funds away from public services
and the citizens who need them most, could
be one of the reasons why.
• To move the money out of Russia, UK-
registered shell companies issued fictitious
loans to each other and Russian companies,
fronted by Moldovan citizens, guaranteed
them. Once the debtors failed to “pay back”
these loans, corrupt Moldovan judges fined
Russian companies and ordered them to
transfer funds to accounts in a Moldovan
bank. From there on, the money flowed into
Latvia and other EU banks where it was
ultimately cleaned.
18. SPAIN’S LARGEST CORRUPTION
SCANDAL: GÜRTEL
• Over the last 10 years, the Gürtel case has
grown into to the biggest corruption
scandal in Spain’s democratic history,
reaching all the way up to the president’s
office.
• At the center, the complex scheme
funneled illicit donations and bribes to
the then-ruling party in exchange for
rigged government contracts. #Correa
19. VENEZUELA’S CURRENCIES OF
CORRUPTION
• Less than 20 years ago, Venezuela was South
America’s richest country. Today, it’s facing one of
its worst political and humanitarian crises – and
corruption has a key role in it.
• The plundering of the state-owned oil company,
PDVSA, is exemplary of the widespread corruption
at the highest levels of government. Once the basis
of Venezuela’s wealth, the country’s vast oil
reserves ultimately filled the pockets of a small
group of individuals.
• With help from European and US banks, a group of
Venezuelan ex-officials allegedly siphoned off
US$1.2 billion from PDVSA to the US, exploiting
the country’s complicated currency exchange
system that only allows certain people and
companies to exchange currencies at the official,
hugely inflated rate.
20. MALDIVES: A PARADISE LOST
• In the Maldives, tourism is the largest contributor to the economy – it’s where the money is. So it
should come as no surprise that the country’s biggest corruption scandal is also linked to tourism. In
2016, Al Jazeera revealed that approximately US$1.5 billion was laundered through fake tourism
investments in a scheme of astounding simplicity.
• The money was allegedly transported to the Maldives in cash, approved by the financial authority and
transferred to private companies, where it appeared as clean profits from tourism investments.
21. TEODORÍN OBIANG’S #LUXURYLIVING IN
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
• Teodorín Obiang’s Instagram account celebrates
#LuxuryLiving, showing off his mansions, million
dollars’ worth of Michael Jackson memorabilia and
supercars. However, Obiang funds this lifestyle by
embezzling funds from Equatorial Guinea where he
serves as vice president to his own father.
• This oil-rich country has the highest per capita
income in Africa, but about three-quarters of its
population lives in poverty. Since 1979, the ruling
Obiang family, along with their cronies, have stolen
billions of dollars from the people.
22. HOWTHE GUPTA FAMILY CAPTURED SOUTH
AFRICATHROUGH BRIBERY
• In what’s been described as a “modern coup”, the
Gupta family took control of South Africa.
Through allegedly bribing politicians, giving
lucrative jobs to President Zuma’s children and
other ways of buying influence, Ajay, Atul, and
Rajesh Gupta captured the state.
• The Gupta family took as much as US$7 billion in
government funds, including a US$4.4 billion
supply contract with South Africa’s rail and port
company.The Guptas also hired and fired
government ministers, while the president fired
tax officials and intelligence chiefs to protect
them from investigation.
23. MYANMAR’S DIRTY JADE BUSINESS
• In 2015, a report revealed that corrupt
military officials, drug lords and their
cronies, had been illegally exploiting jade
mines in northern Myanmar and smuggling
the stones to China.
• In total, more than US $31 billion in jade
stones were extracted in 2014 alone – the
equivalent of half of Myanmar’s GDP that
same year. Yet, the majority of people living
in the mining regions and working in the
mines did not see any of this money and as
much as US$6.2 billion was lost in taxes.
24. FIGHTING IMPUNITY IN GUATEMALA
• Approximately 90 per cent of crimes in Guatemala
go unpunished, so taking action against impunity
should be a priority. At least that’s what the
International Commission against Impunity in
Guatemala (CICIG), backed by the UN, has been
doing successfully for the past 12 years.
• In 2015, former president of Guatemala was forced
to resign because of a corruption investigation that
ultimately led to his conviction. Since then, the
commission has been investigating dozens of high-
level corruption cases and enjoys strong popular
support.
25. TURKEY’S “GAS FOR GOLD” SCHEME
• In a real-life version of House of Cards, Turkey
found itself embroiled in a massive corruption
scandal in 2013. Turkish police officers raided
several homes, including two belonging to the
families of the ruling Turkish elite. During the
investigation, police confiscated some US$17.5
million in cash, money allegedly used for bribery.
At the heart of the scandal was an alleged “gas for
gold” scheme with Iran, involving businessman
Reza Zarrab. Zarrab was reportedly involved in a
money laundering scheme as part of a strategy to
take advantage of a loophole in US-led sanctions
on Iran. All 52 people detained were connected
with the ruling Justice and Development Party
(AKP).