The document discusses civil resistance and civil disobedience. It begins by defining civil as relating to citizens or the state. It then distinguishes between non-violent resistance, which relies on nonviolent civil groups challenging power through nonviolent means, and violent resistance like killing. The document focuses on Henry David Thoreau's 1849 essay "Civil Disobedience", which inspired Martin Luther King Jr. and others. It discusses whether civil disobedience is ethical and reasons for choosing non-violent resistance. Examples of civil disobedience movements are provided, including in Cuba, Estonia, Egypt, East Germany, France, and Thailand.

1. Civil Resistance –
Civil Disobedience
“Sociology of Politics”
Muhammad Saud, Lecturer
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social
and Political Science, Universitas
Airlangga, Indonesia

2. Acknowledgement
 This presentation is based on many
books, notes, websites and presentations
on the topic.
 The presenter pays his sincere gratitude to
all authors, professors and experts for
their efforts and contributions.
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10. What is civil?
 Relating to citizens or the state or its citizenry civil strife
 Adequate in courtesy and Civilized
 Based on civil law- relating to private rights and to
remedies sought by action or suit distinct from criminal
proceedings
 Established by law- civil freedoms, relating to, or
involving the general public, their activities, needs, or
ways, or civic affairs as distinguished from special (such
as military or religious) affairs.
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11. Non- Violent resistance
 Civil resistance is political action that relies
on the use of nonviolent resistance by civil
groups to challenge a particular power, force,
policy or regime.
 Civil resistance operates through appeals to
the adversary, pressure and coercion.
 It can involve systematic attempts to
undermine the adversary's sources of power,
both domestic and International.
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12. Violent resistance
 Killing people
 Thronging water or tear gas
 Target killings
 Pushing by cars
 Protests
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13. Henry David
Thoreau's
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14. Concept Introduction
 Henry David Thoreau's (1849) essay
"Resistance to Civil Government" was
eventually renamed "Essay on Civil
Disobedience".
 After his landmark lectures were published
in 1866, the term began to appear in
numerous sermons and lectures relating to
slavery and the war in Mexico.
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15. Henry David Thoreau's classic essay Civil
Disobedience inspired Martin Luther King Jr. and
many other activists.
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17. Is civil disobedience ethical?
 An act of disobedience is a group action,
not an individual one, and results from a
shared opinion that a particular law or
decision of public authorities is unjust.
 When looking for the ethical dimension of
civil disobedience, special attention should
be paid to its civil character.
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18. Reasons for choosing to use
civil resistance
 Some leaders of civil resistance struggles
have urged the use of non-violent methods
for primarily ethical reasons.
 Others have emphasized practical
considerations.
 Some have indicated that both of these
types of factor have to be taken into
account – and that they necessarily
overlap. 18

19. Examples
 Yo No Coopero Con La Dictadura (English: I
Do Not Cooperate with the Dictatorship) is a
civil disobedience campaign by Cuban
democracy activists.
 The campaign was launched by political
prisoners Jorge Luis García Pérez and Jose
Daniel Ferrer in 2005.
 Activists in Cuba carry out street protests,
processions, and fasts as part of this initiative.
 In 2007, the American political group Cuban
Democratic Directorate supported an effort to
boycott elections in Cuba called No to the
Electoral.

20. Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
 The Singing Revolution lasted over
four years, with various protests and
acts of defiance.
 In 1991, as Soviet tanks attempted to
stop the progress towards
independence, the Supreme Council
of Estonia together with the
Congress of Estonia proclaimed the
restoration of the independent state
of Estonia and repudiated Soviet
legislation.
 People acted as human shields to
protect radio and TV stations from
the Soviet tanks. Through these
actions Estonia regained its
independence without any bloodshed 20

21. Egypt
 Among the several civil
disobedience that took place
along the history of modern
Egypt (most of which aren't
widely known).
 The Egyptian Revolution of
1919 is considered to be one
of the earliest successful
implementations of non-violent
civil disobedience world-wide.
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22. East Germany
 The Uprising of 1953 was
disobedience against the
government in East
Germany. The protests
were put down by the state.
 Civil resistance was a
significant factor behind the
dissolution of communist
governments and the fall of
the Berlin Wall in 1989.
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23. France
 The Fight for the Larzac refers to a non-violent
civil disobedience action by farmers resisting the
extension of an existing military base on the
Larzac plateau in South Western France.
 The action lasted from 1971 to 1981, and ended
in victory for the resistance movement when the
newly elected President François Mitterrand
formally abandoned the project.
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24. Thailand
 Sondhi Limthongkul, leader of the People's
Alliance for Democracy (PAD), and other
leaders of this alliance have claimed to be
using civil disobedience, such as
postponing tax payments and starting
strikes & because of this civilian protested.
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25. Thanks & Pls ask
question
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