The document discusses challenges faced by media in exposing corruption globally and domestically. It provides examples of major corruption scandals exposed by media, including Watergate and Absam scandals. Internationally, Panama Papers exposed hidden wealth and tax evasion of world leaders. Domestically, Pakistani media exposed scandals involving politicians, judges and businessmen. However, media faces challenges like lack of resources, censorship, legal hurdles, and influence of powerful interests. International cooperation and protection of whistleblowers and journalists is needed to more effectively combat corruption through investigative reporting.

2. The Media and
challenges of
Global
corruption

3. Media and challenges of global
corruption
(A Final-Term project)
By Ahmad Sheikh
Presented to: Dr. Muhammad Ijaz Butt.

4. The intention of presenting these materials is not at all to make
anyone feel overwhelmed or upset.
Our intention is to help people understand what has been
hidden from the public by various forces, and to inspire us to
join together in building a brighter future for us all. We have no
doubt that everyone of us can make a difference in what is
happening in our world.
All information is taken from the most reliable
sources available and can be verified using the
links provided.

5. INTRODUCTION
- Corruption is deeply rooted in human
society, which severely damage the
image of individuals and Nations.
-Institutional scandals, such as
-corruption of public officials, are one of
the typical topics of investigative journalism.
- More than one person in two thinks corruption has worsened in the last 15
years and across the globe. (public opinion survey on corruption from
Transparency International).
-Corruption of politicians have been much more then ever. The trend is growing.
Abuse of public power,
public money for private
benefit

6. Watergate scandal understood
as a sign of the media
becoming more mature and
dedicated to their watch-dog
role.
It impacts on socioeconomic is
direct and harsh. Media can do
lot more but the challenge faced
by media professionals are
enormous.
original news
reporting on the
Watergate scandal.
Result: resignation
of President Richard
Nixon
"Bob" Woodward, reported Watergate
scandal.
President Richard Nixon Reignation
Nixon was never
prosecuted, but the
Watergate scandal
changed American
politics forever,
leading many
Americans to question
their leadership and
think more critically
about the presidency.

7. The media left scandals coverage
because:
1. investigating reporting cost money,
2. Need more staff
3. Institutional and agencies
cooperation
4. Time consuming assignment.
5. Digital divide is obstacle in research
work of crime reporter.
6. . Treats and killing

8. Challenges to cover Political Corruption stories
in Pakistan
When we think about the election, we think about political corruption, a possible
winning tactic as the parties with certain agendas can twist voting by giving a big
donation or direct bribe in cash.
Political corruption is not just about election rigging. It can lead politicians in office to
steer away from good government. Their decisions can benefit those who fund them.
The public interest comes second. Political corruption can divert resources from poor
and disadvantaged people those in power. This is especially common in countries
where democratic institutions are weak or absent and they have to run offices under
dictated policy. Hiding facts is worse political corruption…

9. Senator Bob Graham, former co-chair of the Senate
Intelligence Committee, tells Paul Jay that the Bush
administration created a culture of "not wanting to
know" about potential terrorist attacks among American
intelligence agencies, who have rewritten history with
"aggressive public deception" since 9/11.
Political corruption
Aggressive and messive deception of facts
by US Administration
Bush administration created a culture of
"not wanting to know"
Corruption and mediaCorruption and media

10. When we think of any economic Corruption, we think kickback money. The
corruption has many scales and has been occurring since long. It starts from
Petty corruption (Small scale) to Grand corruption (High scale) and now the
term systemic corruption which
has been occurring in different
sectors and introduce by
high ups by creating
entrapment in system.
The major sectors are:
Government/public
sector,
Government/public
sector,
Judicial corruption
Police corruption
Political
Corruption in the
educational system
Corruption in the
educational system
Economic CorruptionMedia corruption
Corruption and
media

11. Following are a few of the major corruption scams and scandals
reported and exposed in the mainstream Pakistani media:
Rental Power Projects (RPP) scam: In 2006,
PIA : Pakistan's flagship airline Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) suffered massive financial
losses.
Pakistan Railways: Around US$ 500 million embezzlement.
Hajj corruption case: Million dollars contract to travel agencies
OGRA scam: The OGRA scam case PPP government involved in multi million fraud..
NATO containers case: Media reported on 40 NATO missing containers carried cargo that was
considered contraband in Pakistan, including liquor to be sold in Pakistan.
Pakistan Steel Mills scam: PPP leader Makhdoom Muhammad Ameen Faheem, his wife and
his son took millions in a land purchase case.
Ephedrine quota case: Scandal involving prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani's son, Ali Musa
Gillani, who pressure officials of the Ministry of Health into allocating a quota (worth Rs 70
billion) of controlled chemical ephedrine to two different Multan-based pharmaceutical
companies.
The mediagate scandal: Malik Riaz Hussain, a real-estate tycoon, exposed journalists who took
money from him to broadcast programmes in his favour.
Social media was swiftly used as a tool to expose corruption

12. CORRUPTION STORIES EXPOSED BY MEDIA.
FAMOUS ABSCAM SCANDAL
ABSCAM SCANDAL. A Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) sting operation started in 1978 to
1980 to find out organized crime like grant of political asylum by the elected officials of US
House of Representatives.
The Real Story of the Abscam Sting was revealed in Times Magazine, later broadcast and
filmed by the Hollywood under the name ‘American Hustle’.
As a result U.S. House of Representatives lost their jobs.
Members include:
1. U.S. senator
2.The mayor of Camden,
3.City councilors of Philadelphia, and
4.An Immigration and Naturalization Service official and
5. two senior politicians.
These senior public representative committed organized crime by creating entrapment in
system, facilitates foreign agents, took millions of dollars and grant political asylum to
hundreds of illegal immigrants.

13. Panama leaks insert images
Eleven million documents were leaked from one of the world's most secretive
companies, Panamanian law firm Mossack Fonseca.
Mossack Fonseca has helped clients to:
1. launder money
2. dodge sanctions and
3.avoid tax.
12 current or former heads of state and at least 60 top guns found involved in severe
corruption

14. MEDIA: A watchdog press ensures that individuals and institutions who are supposed to
serve the public remain transparent and are held accountable.
German paper publishes ‘biggest leak in history’ on corruption
Published time: 3 Apr, 2016
The Panama Papers have shown how some wealthy people use offshore firms to evade
tax and avoid sanctions.
.
The papers were investigated by hundreds of investigative journalists, including from
the BBC, who worked in secret with the:
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) for months.
Who's been caught in the scandal?
Ten things we have learned
Tax havens and the new politics
How assets are hidden and taxes dodged.
The documents have revealed
the hidden assets of hundreds
of politicians, officials, current
and former national leaders,
celebrities and sports stars.
So….A vigilant press is therefore key to good governance.

15. Panama Leaks (Cont)….
107 media organizations - including UK newspaper the Guardian - in 76 countries ... have been
analyzing the documents, which shed light on how Mossack Fonseca offered financial services
designed to help business clients hide their wealth.
BBC world explore corruption and found that:
One wealthy client, US millionaire ... Marianna Olszewski, was offered fake ownership records to hide
money in January 2009.
Ref: Panama Papers: Mossack Fonseca leak reveals elite's tax
havens. BBC, April 4, 2016 Posted: 2016-04-11 10:07:49
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-35918844
Other media outlets include:
NBC News article
USA Today article
Some sources in US (CIA)believed that Panama Papers may have been deliberately
released with political objectives in mind.

16. Panama data also contain secret offshore companies linked to the families and associates.
 Egypt's former President, Hosni Mubarak.
India's ranking on global corruption index improves
Former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and Syria's President Bashar al-Assad.
UK Prime Minister, David Cameron
Icelandic Prime Minister, reveal a suspected billion-dollar money laundering.
Russian President Vladimir Putin.
No country is corruption-free saying:
“The 2015 Corruption Perceptions Index clearly shows that
corruption remains a blight around the world.”(Transparency
International)
Rest of the world

17. THE WAR ON WASTE (CBS EXPOSED)
Government and Military corruption in United States.
.
1. One of the most stunning stories exposed by the media is that billions of dollars (if not
trillions) are missing from the accounts of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD).
"'According to some estimates we cannot track $2.3 trillion in transactions,' Rumsfeld
admitted. $2.3 trillion – that's $8,000 for every man, woman and child in America.“
U.S. Secretary of Defense raises evidence of government and military corruption
CBS News, 1/29/02
2.All other federal agencies are audited annually ... and with rare exceptions, they pass every
year. The Pentagon alone has never been audited, leaving roughly $8.5 trillion in taxpayer
dollars unaccounted for since 1996. The Pentagon has for years kept lousy books with
impunity.“
MSNBC/Reuters, 12/23/13 (Reuters link)
Video Link: Duration,1minute 30 seconds
http://www.personalgrowthcourses.net/video/trillions_missing_dod_department_of_defense
Rumsfeld admitted. $2.3 trillion corruption

18. Corruption has become a common practice due to
entrapment with our existing system and is pushing our nation
to a dead end. Favouritism, nepotism, misappropriation of
public fund, bad debts and misuse of power are on the rise.
Corruption has gained roots in our society because of wrong
decisions and weak policies of the successive governments.
The agencies responsible for every thing. (Afifab Gillan iqbal,
(2010)
CORRUPTION IN PAKISTAN

19. Media identified them as:
politicians, businessmen, bankers, judges and media personnel
• Pakistan Episode
Politicians:
- Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s family (9 companies),
- Hassan Nawaz,Hussain Nawaz and Maryam Nawaz
- Punjab Chief Minister Shahbaz Sharif’s relatives (7 companies)
- Former PM Benazir Bhutto
- PPP Senator Rehman Malik
PPP Senator Osman Saifullah’s family (34 companies)
Among Businessmen:
Real Estate : Malik Riaz Hussain’s son (Bahria Town) . Ahmad Ali Riaz
Among Judges:
- Serving Lahore High Court Judge Justice Farrukh Irfan
- Retired Judge Malik Qayyum
Media:
- Mir Shakil-ur-Rehman of GEO and Jang Group (1 company)

20. State media remain fearful and remained involve to provide communication
support to government developmental activities
Where as many private media avoid serious investigative
reporting, either through:
• Lack of resources
• Lack of skills,
• Self-censorship or
• Owing to the political ties of owners.
• Libel and Slander (defamation laws) do not meet generally accepted
international standards. in
• Journalists and media in many of the countries is flourishing are still
face legal challenges to in-depth, investigative reporting.
Despite these challenges, courageous journalists are still struggling to ensure that
the media serve as a corruption watchdog at regional, national and local levels.
CHALLENGES

21. CHALLENGES FACED BY MEDIA TO EXPOSE
CORRUPTION
This is West…….
Warning to Journalist and
Editors
AOL, Time Warner and News Corporation
sent out a message to staff that:
‘‘ promoting access to information that
provide the basis for exposing corruption –
was not a priority
consideration in their decision-making’’.
Warning to Journalist and
Editors
AOL, Time Warner and News Corporation
sent out a message to staff that:
‘‘ promoting access to information that
provide the basis for exposing corruption –
was not a priority
consideration in their decision-making’’.
Ref: The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional Journalism Researcher: Johannes von .D

22. CHALLENGES FACED BY MEDIA TO
EXPOSE CORRUPTION
It is far and wide truth that journalists whether
they belong to Pakistan, Afghanistan, China,
Russia or developed west have faced tough times
(sometime killed) when they unveiled reality
behind corruption cases of the ruling elite and
economic giants they suffered consequences.
•Some nations can influence and control their media greatly. In some places major
multinational corporations own media stations and outlets with the purpose to
hide their wrongdoings.
•It is also true that Often, many media institutions survive on advertising fees, which
can lead to the media outlet being influenced by various corporate interests. Due to
their tight hold on the free flow of information their economic and political
influence remained unaccountable. In this way the journalists of the
underdeveloped world feel unsafe when they unveil corruption cases.

23. INTERNATIONAL NEWS
EXCHANGE PROGRAMME
Before the 1990’s mainstream media systems in most
countries of the world were comparatively national in
scope, since then most communication media have
become increasingly global, extending their reach
beyond the nation boundaries with the aim to to
conquer audiences worldwide.
The mass media are seen today as playing a key role in
enhancing globalization, facilitating culture exchange
and multiple flows of information and image between
countries through international news broadcasts,
television programming, new technologies, film and
music.
Good News for investigative
Journalists

24. International communications a distinctive
phenomena of the 20th century . How it occurred?
1.With the induction of international news exchange
programme and evolution of modern communication
technologies the stories now can travel globaly within
seconds.
2.The emergence of international news agencies in the
end of 19th century, such as Reuters, AP paved the way
for the beginnings of a global system of codification.

25. Criminal activities now can be watch
and report through integrated
structure of Global News Media
The advent of satellite technology, opened up
the ways of global media as we know it today.
With satellite and internet disseminating news
all over the world become fast and easy.

26. Recommendation

1. Making media organizations more
transparent about their ownership, their
editorial decision making process and the
pressures and restraints on reporting;
2. Encouraging and supporting free and
independent journalist unions and
associations that promote press freedom,
ethical journalism and watchdog reporting;
and Providing better pay and job conditions
for watchdog journalists.
1. Making media organizations more
transparent about their ownership, their
editorial decision making process and the
pressures and restraints on reporting;
2. Encouraging and supporting free and
independent journalist unions and
associations that promote press freedom,
ethical journalism and watchdog reporting;
and Providing better pay and job conditions
for watchdog journalists.

27. CONCLUSION
1.Media have to combat corruption in the public and private sectors, as well as within the media world
itself
2.If media spin the beans of high up corruption stories, It should be protected by the social agents.
3. Freedom of information legislation is lacking worldwide and Intense efforts to improve safety for
journalists by through legislative body is imperative.
4.To promote openness in society and expose corruption, media owners, publishers, editors and
journalists must resist pressures to report what is beneficial to political and private interests.
5.Media owner and the Government should initiate awards and other forms of recognition for excellence
in watchdog reporting;
6.Journalists and media freedom groups need to lobby media owners and management, regardless of
whether they are private or state-owned, to recognize the principles of editorial independence that allow
journalists to pursue stories in the public interest, including exposés of corruption.
7.When there is information, there is enlightenment. When there is debate, there are solutions. When
there is no sharing of power, no rule of law, no accountability, there will be a curse of corruption which
shall remain undefeated unless media unfold the realities.
By facing our fears, both individual
and collective, we can transform our
lives and world for the better.

28. For Happy Pakistan..
‘Burn corruption’

29. References
http://www.dawn.com/news/1237386
Bob Dietz,(2015) CPJ’s Asia, retrieve from http://www.dawn.com/news/1222111.
https://jafrianews.com/2013/04/24/corrupt-and-yellow-journalism-revealed-list-of-journalist-media-personnel-who-recieved-
govt-funds/
https://www.transparency.org/news/dcn/ Javed Chaudry (2016)Express media group. “
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Af-Pak Fellowship (2012), The Express Tribune.
http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Mexican-Journalists-Who-Helped-Unveil-Corruption-Scandal-Fired-20150312-0032.html
http://www.cnbc.com/id/101293095
Bettina Peters( 2015),The media’s role: covering or covering up corruption
http://www.wanttoknow.info/newsarticles (2005-09-29, BBC News)
Global Investigative Journalism Network (GIJN Feb, 2016)
Want to know info.com
U.S. Department of state, report Released May 2001 (Second Edition)
Ali. S ali June,2012 Retrieved from http://www.pakdestiny.com/mediagate-scandal
http://peranatinito.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53:the-media-and-public-sector-corruption-role-
challenges-and-some-practical-steps-forward&catid=44:stories&Itemid=94
http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=17225

30. Thank you
ANY QUESTION?
Free
to
ask
Ahmad Sheikh