The document presents information on global climate change from a presentation. It discusses the scientific evidence of climate warming, including rising carbon dioxide levels, sea level rise, rising global temperatures, warming oceans, and shrinking ice sheets. The causes of climate change include both human factors like greenhouse gas emissions and natural factors. The effects of climate change include significant damage costs that will increase over time, such as more droughts and heat waves. Solutions proposed include mitigation, adaptation, government resources, and energy innovations. The document concludes by discussing a proposed space-based solar power system called the "Orbiting Flying Carpet."
Through the project the students will learn that the temperature of Earth is increasing which is threat to human civilization.We should minimise the fuel consumption to reduce green house gases.The students will learn real life Mathematics .They will learn to predict the amount of ice amount of Arctic sea by using linear equation.
The amount of sea ice in ( sq km) is a linear function of year.
Some pictures are taken from www.nasaclimate.org
The project was selected for seminar " Development of quality teaching in Mathematics" at RIE, Ajmer under Poster presentation category .
Through the project the students will learn that the temperature of Earth is increasing which is threat to human civilization.We should minimise the fuel consumption to reduce green house gases.The students will learn real life Mathematics .They will learn to predict the amount of ice amount of Arctic sea by using linear equation.
The amount of sea ice in ( sq km) is a linear function of year.
Some pictures are taken from www.nasaclimate.org
The project was selected for seminar " Development of quality teaching in Mathematics" at RIE, Ajmer under Poster presentation category .
Evaluation of annual carbon losses due to soil respirationExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Olesia Siabruk, from ISSAR - Ukraine, in FAO Hq, Rome
The freeze-thaw threshold of 0°C is crucial in polar regions. Large changes in physical, biological, and human systems occur when temperature crosses this threshold. Therefore, any climate change that shifts the freeze-thaw line, whether in space or time, will bring about important impacts
This is the third lesson of the course ' Climate Change and Global Environment' conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Dal convegno "Doppia Piramide: alimentazione sana per le persone, sostenibile per il pianeta" - 29 giugno 2010, Milano. Rethinking food production within planetary boundaries - Gianfranco Bologna
Evaluation of annual carbon losses due to soil respirationExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Olesia Siabruk, from ISSAR - Ukraine, in FAO Hq, Rome
The freeze-thaw threshold of 0°C is crucial in polar regions. Large changes in physical, biological, and human systems occur when temperature crosses this threshold. Therefore, any climate change that shifts the freeze-thaw line, whether in space or time, will bring about important impacts
This is the third lesson of the course ' Climate Change and Global Environment' conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Dal convegno "Doppia Piramide: alimentazione sana per le persone, sostenibile per il pianeta" - 29 giugno 2010, Milano. Rethinking food production within planetary boundaries - Gianfranco Bologna
Justice Peek said that the slaps delivered to the child leaving redness but no bruise were ‘not unreasonable’ for the purpose of correcting misbehaviour.
High-resolution melt analysis for semen discriminationJoana Antunes, PhD
Brief presentation about the most relevant discoveries on the article. Full article available https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282911197_High_Resolution_Melt_analysis_of_DNA_methylation_to_discriminate_semen_in_biological_stains
As sea level rise accelerates and land development intensifies along coastlines, tidal wetlands will become increasingly threatened by coastal squeeze. Impermeable barriers that protect inland areas from rising sea level will reduce tidal flows and prevent wetland migration to the adjacent uplands. As the seaward edge of a wetland drowns, those wetlands prevented from inland migration will shrink if not disappear completely. Tools to identify where coastal squeeze is likely to occur are needed for coastal management. We have developed a ‘‘Coastal Squeeze Index’’ that can be used to assess the potential of coastal squeeze along the borders of a single wetland and to rank the threats faced by multiple wetlands. The index is based on surrounding topography and impervious surfaces derived from LiDAR and optical remote sensing reflectance, respectively. The modelling approach uses different assumptions based on fuzzy logic. We assume that coastal squeeze varies continuously over the coastal landscape and dependent upon the steepness of slope and percent impervious surfaces. We ranked and combined variables to produce a map of coastal squeeze as a continuous index. Using this index, we compare the present and future threat of coastal squeeze to marshes in Wells and Portland, Maine, USA and New Brunswick, Canada.
Bright
Dark
Blues
Grays
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Assignment 2The Global Environment: An Emerging World View (cont.)
Reading Assignment:
Read Article 5, A safe operating space for humanity by Johan Rockstrom et al. on pages 36-41 in your textbook.
Overview:
This lesson will illustrate understanding of how locally-based activities influence global phenomena as climate change. You will also observe that in a time of disappointing progress is occurring in global initiatives to curb greenhouse gas emissions, one of the most promising paths might be a localized action.
The authors identified planetary boundaries that must not be crossed in order to avoid significant environmental degradation.
Of the 10 factors considered, 3 of them--biodiversity loss, climate change,and agricultural pollution--have already crossed the threshold for a sustainable planet.
Evidence so far suggests that, as long as the thresholds are not crossed, humanity has the freedom to pursue long-term social and economic development.
Topics Covered:Planetary BoundariesClimate ChangeRate of Biodiversity LossNitrogen and Phosphorus CyclesDelicate Balance
Key Terms:
Planetary Boundaries -- boundaries that define the safe operating space for humanity with respect to the Earth system and are associated with the planet’s biophysical subsystems or processes.
Holocene -- the unusually stable environment of the planet for the past 10,000 years, which has seen human civilizations arise, develop, and thrive.
Anthropecene -- an era that has arisen since the Industrial Revolution, in which human actions become the main driver of global environmental change.
EPA -- Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov) for more information.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)-- an atmospheric gas such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, or methane that easily absorbs infrared radiation & gives off heat, some of it directed toward space & the rest toward Earth.
Carbon Cycle -- the cycle of CO2 in the Earth‘s ecosystem; photosynthetic organisms transform the gas into organic nutrients, which are then restored to a gaseous state by respiration & decay. Instructor's Comments:
Fact 1: Currently, atmospheric CO2 concentration is 31% higher than in 1750, a level that has not been exceeded during the last 420,000 years.
Fact 2: The primary cause is human activity, particularly fossil fuel use & deforestation leading to further increases in CO2.
As we have seen a similar trend in the previous lesson, the following graph illustrates the CO2 concentration (dashes) and the global surface Ts (solid line)
Fact 3: Burning fossil fuels in power plats and automobiles ejects poisonous particles & gases that alter the chemical structure of the Atmosphere.
Fact 4: Worldwide CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) reached a record 30.6 Billion metric tons in 2010 that economists and scientist call this as “a wake-up call”. (Source: Int.
Historical Geography expert John Slifko, PhD, presents a brief overview of the History of Climate Change over the years including new research and discoveries up to the 2013 year
Rising Seas and Solutions: MIT Club of Southwest Florida.Paul H. Carr
1. RISING SEAS
Sea levels are now rising 4 times faster than in 1900.
Sea levels could rise up to 18 ft by 2058.
2015 & 2016: warmest years on record.
2. SOLUTIONS: Green Technology & Legislation
As a result of our consumer culture lifestyle, we are polluting the earth and slowly changing its temperature. As a result, weather patterns will be less predictable and water level will rise significantly
Climate change is an extended change in the Earth’s regular pattern of atmospheric conditions and its fluctuations
Global warming is caused by an enhanced greenhouse effect mostly caused by anthropogenic activity
This paper aims to demonstrate the need for replacement of current energy development model to one based on renewable energy sources and present what and how to implement a sustainable energy system capable of preventing catastrophic climate change on Earth.
Sharing my career as an experimental physicist and electrical engineer.
Why is the energy of nuclear reactions one million times greater than chemical ones?
Our human dependence on plants to convert carbon dioxide into the the oxygen we need to live.
Climate Scientist James Hansen prediction that sea levels could rise up to 18 feet by 2058, because of the increasing carbon dioxide levels from fossil fuel burning.
Nuclear reactors generate electricity without carbon dioxide emissions and reduce global warming.
Climate Change Paper - CO2 or Crop Irrigation?Keith_Shotbolt
Describes all important observations of climate change and assesses the possible effects of increased CO2, human activity energy consumption, and large-scale crop irrigation.
3. Feb 19March 24
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR
THE WARMING OF CLIMATE
SYSTEM IS UNEQUIVOCAL.
- INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
4. Feb 19March 24
SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS
MULTIPLE STUDIES PUBLISHED IN
PEER-REVIEWED SCIENTIFIC
JOURNALS SHOW THAT 97 PERCENT
OR MORE OF ACTIVELY PUBLISHING
CLIMATE SCIENTISTS AGREE:
CLIMATE-WARMING TRENDS OVER THE
PAST CENTURY ARE VERY LIKELY DUE
TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES
5. Feb 19March 24
SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION
AMERICAN METEROROLOGICAL SOCIETY
U.S. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE
CHANGE
10. Feb 19March 24
MAP SHOWING
AVERAGE
GLOBAL
SURFACE
TEMPERATURE
VARIATION FOR
THE YEAR 1884
AND 2015,
RESPECTIVELY.
11. Feb 19March 24
EVIDENCE 4:
WARMING OF OCEANS
THE OCEANS HAVE ABSORBED
MUCH OF THIS INCREASED HEAT,
WITH THE TOP 700 METERS
(ABOUT 2,300 FEET) OF OCEAN
SHOWING WARMING OF 0.302
DEGREES FAHRENHEIT SINCE
1969.
12. Feb 19March 24
EVIDENCE 5:
SHRINKING ICE SHEETS
DATA FROM NASA'S GRACE SATELLITES
SHOW THAT THE LAND ICE SHEETS IN
BOTH ANTARCTICA AND GREENLAND ARE
LOSING MASS. THE CONTINENT OF
ANTARCTICA HAS BEEN LOSING ABOUT 134
BILLION METRIC TONS OF ICE PER YEAR
SINCE 2002, WHILE THE GREENLAND ICE
SHEET HAS BEEN LOSING AN ESTIMATED
287 BILLION METRIC TONS PER YEAR.
15. Feb 19March 24
CAUSES OF GLOBAL CLIMATE
CHANGE
• ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES
ARTIFICIAL ADDITION OF GREENHOUSE GASES,
INCLUDING WATER VAPOUR,CARBON DIOXIDE,ETC.
• NATURAL CAUSES
1) EARTH’S CHANGING ORBIT
2) VARIABLE SUN ENERGY
18. Feb 19March 24
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
CLIMATE CHANGE
TAKEN AS A WHOLE, THE RANGE OF
PUBLISHED EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT
THE NET DAMAGE COSTS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE ARE LIKELY TO BE SIGNIFICANT
AND TO INCREASE OVER TIME.
- INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE
CHANGE
19. Feb 19March 24
CHANGE WILL CONTINUE
THROUGH THIS CENTURY AND
BEYOND
TEMPERATURES WILL CONTINUE TO RISE
FROST-FREE SEASON (AND GROWING SEASON)
WILL LENGTHEN
CHANGES IN PRECIPITATION PATTERNS
MORE DROUGHTS AND HEAT WAVES
SEA LEVEL WILL RISE 1-4 FEET BY 2100
ARCTIC LIKELY TO BECOME ICE-FREE
22. Feb 19March 24
ORBITING FLYING CARPET
• THE SSPI (SPACE SOLAR POWER INITIATIVE) DESIGN CALLS
FOR 400 TILES PER PANEL, 900 PANELS PER SATELLITE AND
2,500 SATELLITES FLYING IN CLOSE FORMATION IN A SQUARE
PATTERN THAT IS NEARLY 2 MILES (3 KILOMETERS) ON EACH
SIDE.
• THE SSPI SYSTEM’S BASIC UNIT IS WHAT THE TEAM CALLS A
“MULTIFUNCTIONAL TILE,” WHICH SOAKS UP SUNLIGHT,
CONVERTS IT TO RADIO WAVES AND BEAMS THEM TO EARTH.
IN ITS CURRENT DESIGN, EACH TILE MEASURES ABOUT 4 BY 4
INCHES (10 BY 10 CM) AND IS ABOUT 1 INCH (3 CM) THICK WITH
THE ABILITY TO FLATTEN WHEN PACKAGED FOR LAUNCH
23. Feb 19March 24
IT’S PROJECTED TO BE INCREDIBLY LIGHTWEIGHT: ABOUT
0.03 OUNCE (ABOUT 0.8 GRAM) PER TILE.
EACH FLYING CARPET—OR, MORE ACCURATELY, EACH
INDEPENDENT SPACECRAFT—WILL CONSIST OF 360,000
TILES. IT WILL COVER AN AREA TWO-THIRDS THE SIZE OF A
FOOTBALL FIELD, YET IT WILL WEIGHT ONLY ABOUT 816
POUNDS (370 KG).
THE FLEET OF 2,500 FORMATION-FLYING SPACECRAFT IN
EACH SOLAR-ENERGY SYSTEM WOULD COMPRISE 900
MILLION FUNCTIONALLY INDEPENDENT TILES. THE POWER
GENERATED BY EACH TILE WOULD BE TRANSMITTED TO
EARTH BY THE SAME TILE
24. Feb 19March 24
CONCLUSION
ENERGY IS THE BASIC NEED
FOR ALL LIVING
BEINGS.THUS,HARNESSING
ENERGY BECOMES ALL THE
MORE IMPORTANT,BUT AT
WHAT PRICE?
25. Feb 19March 24
REFERENCES
IPCC FOURTH ASSESSMENT REPORT, SUMMARY FOR
POLICYMAKERS, P. 5
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (NRC), 2006. SURFACE
TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTIONS FOR THE LAST 2,000
YEARS. NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS, WASHINGTON, DC.
HTTPS://WWW.NCDC.NOAA.GOV/INDICATORS/
HTTP://WWW.CRU.UEA.AC.UK/CRU/DATA/TEMPERATURE
HTTP://DATA.GISS.NASA.GOV/GISTEMP
C. L. SABINE ET.AL., “THE OCEANIC SINK FOR
ANTHROPOGENIC CO2,” SCIENCE VOL. 305 (16 JULY 2004), 367-
371
ARTICLE BY BOB SILBERG, NASA’S JET PROPULSION
LABORATORY, ON SSPI,LEAD BY HARRY ATWATER,ALI
HAJIMIRI, AND SERGIO PELLEGRINO
