The document discusses competitiveness at the global, country, industry, and firm levels. At the global level, it highlights competitiveness trends for various countries. The U.S. has strong competitiveness in areas like technology, exports, and infrastructure. Switzerland, Singapore, and Hong Kong are very competitive due to exports, business efficiency, and innovation. At the country level, factors like resources, skills, infrastructure, institutions, and policies impact competitiveness. At the industry level, it examines factors driving the competitiveness of Singapore and Switzerland's watch industry. At the firm level, it outlines Toyota's competitive advantages stemming from its unique production system and focus on quality, R&D, and suppliers.

1. Global Business Environment
Prasanna Venkatesh

2. IMD World competitive Report

3. Highlights of Competitiveness 2014
• U.S – Economy, employment, technology & infrastructure.
• Switzerland, Singapore & Hong Kong – Exports, Business
efficiency & Innovation.
• Japan – weak currency improved competitiveness abroad.
• Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand – falls due to political instability.
• China – falls partly due to business environment.
• India, Brazil, Mexico – slow investment growth, economy, inadequate
infrastructure, inefficient labor market and ineffective business
management.

4. Country Competitiveness – South Africa

5. Country Competitiveness
• Countries – different competitiveness
• Every country – dominant in some industries.
• Role of organizations and individuals in country
competitiveness.
• Country competitiveness – strategy and
decisions of MNCs
• How do country improve its competitiveness?

6. Country competitiveness
• Extend to which country is capable of
generating more wealth than its
competitors do in world market.
• It measures and compares the
effectiveness of countries in providing
firms with a environment sustains the
domestic and international
competitiveness of those firms.

7. Competitiveness of Singapore
• HDD Production – 70-80% of worlds production.
• HDDs – standardized & easy transportation.
• Driven by technical skills and operating characteristics
• Singapore – platform
• Seagate – Biggest assembling center.
• Attractiveness – Best workforce, productivity, worker attitude,
technical skills & legal framework.
• Strategic location – Asia pacific
• Advantages: most efficient financial institutions
• R&D Centre, Economic development Board
• 8 large scale industrial parks

8. How to improve competitiveness?

9. Country level competitiveness

10. U.S Competitiveness
• Basic science research
• Technology innovation centers
• Investment - $ 4577.5 billion (2013)
• Consumption – GDP per capita USD 45336
• Economic sectors – Manufacturing, Services, Mines, natural
GAS, IT & Infrastructure etc.
• Strong currency, Banking system, sound financial reserves

11. U.S Competitiveness
• Exports – US $ 1.579 trillion
– Machinery: $213,108,199,000 (13.5% of total exports)
– Electronic equipment: $165,604,449,000 (10.5%)
– Mineral fuels including oil: $148,426,743,000 (9.4%)
– Vehicles excluding trains and streetcars: $133,640,479,000 (8.5%)
– Aircraft and spacecraft: $115,380,944,000 (7.3%)
– Optical, technical and medical apparatus: $84,281,276,000 (5.3%)
– Pearls, precious stones, precious metals and coins: $72,830,232,000 (4.6%)
– Plastics: $60,836,970,000 (3.9%)
– Organic chemicals: $46,510,903,000 (2.9%)
– Pharmaceutical products: $39,742,717,000 (2.5%)

12. Industry level competitiveness

13. Switzerland Watch Industry
• Factor
– Quality – High quality reliable, accuracy, water resistance
and shock resistance.
– Physical resources – certain metals and minerals available
– Knowledge resources – specialized skills, specialization
– Huge capital base due to strong financial institutions
– Excellent infrastructure
– Best support service & knowledge resource
– Good export environment
– Free port facilities-geneva

14. Switzerland Watch Industry
• Demand conditions
– Sport, fashion, lifestyle
– Sophisticated buyer market
– Customer oriented – moving goal spot
– Size of home market
– Growth of market
• Supporting Industries
– Close relationship, joint innovation, Sharing technology
• Rivalry and Business policy
– Healthy competition-quality is key, sophisticated system
• Competitive advantage
– Evolving Technology
– Strong R&D & Collaboration from business value chain

15. Firm level competitiveness

16. Toyota's Competitive advantage
• Unique production system
– “Toyota production system” – Lean manufacturing
– Innovation practices – JIT, Kaizen, sig sigma etc.
– Great quality best prices
– Strong focus on R&D
– Extensive production and distribution
– Strong supplier network

17. Individual level competitiveness

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