Global Burden of DiseaseChapter 3.docx

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Global burden of disease analysis examines the amount of suffering and death from diseases in populations to inform health policies and investments. It measures both mortality (deaths) and morbidity (non-fatal health outcomes) using metrics like disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Leading global causes of death vary by factors like location, income level, and disease category. Burden of disease analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis can optimize health outcomes within budgets by comparing interventions. Validity concerns include accurately measuring relationships internally within a study and generalizing results externally to other populations.

Education

Key Ideas
Global health community needs to shift focus from how many
people get sick to why they are sick and what can be done
Burden of disease analysis tells how much suffering and death
exists among a group
Cost-effectiveness analysis tells us how many lives we can save
with a given amount of money

Burden of Disease
How much disease and death are present in a given place or
among a group of people
How do we decide where to intervene?
Geography (e.g., Latin America)
Income (e.g., countries with low GDP)
Burden of disease analysis can help inform the kinds of policies
and investments that will have the greatest impact on disease
burden

Leading Causes of Death by Disease Category & Country
Classification

Leading Causes of Death by Economic
DevelopmentDisease/injury% Deaths in Low
Income Countries% Deaths in Middle Income Countries%
Deaths in High Income CountriesIschemic heart
disease6.113.715.6Stroke, CVD4.912.88.7Lower respiratory
infections11.35.43.8Diarrheal
diseases8.24.4XHIV/AIDS7.82.7XTuberculosis4.32.4XRoad
traffic accidentsX2.4XPrematurity, LBW3.2XX
X: Not a top 10 cause of death in the category of countries

Leading Causes of Death by Disease &
InterventionDiseaseNumber of Deaths (millions)Percent of all

DeathsMost Relevant PoliciesHeart disease7.2512.8Nutrition,
transit, green citiesStroke6.1510.8Nutrition, transit, green
citiesPneumonia3.466.1Transit, green
citiesCOPD3.285.8Transit, green citiesDiarrhea2.464.3Sewage,
sanitation, nutritionHIV/AIDS1.783.1Preventive
practicesTuberculosis1.342.4Nutrition, medical care, housing

Alternative Ways of Measuring Life
Death at age 3 may be different than death at age 83
Conditions that do not cause death directly or cause death rarely
do not show up in mortality rankings but may still be public
health issues
e.g., Depression, migraine headaches
Potentially important components:
Years of life lost
Quality of life lived with disease

Measures of Disease Burden
Quality adjusted life year (QALY): accounts for morbidity and
mortality; one QALY is equivalent to one year lived in perfect
health
All conditions are score from 0 (death) to 1 (perfect health) and
applied to the years lived with the condition
Based on general population’s ratings
Disability adjusted life year (DALY)
Conditions scored from 0 (perfect health) to 1 (death)
Based on ratings by health experts

Highest DALY Burden by Country Categories of IncomePoorest
CountriesMiddle-Income CountriesWealthy
CountriesPneumoniaDepressionDepressionDiarrheaHeart
diseaseHeart
diseaseHIV/AIDSStrokeStrokeMalariaAccidentsAlzheimer’s
diseasePremature birthPneumoniaAlcohol
abuseDepressionEmphysemaHearing loss

Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Method to maximize the number of adjusted life years (QALYs
or DALYs) within a given budget
Cost-benefit analysis: places a dollar value on the health
outcome and compares cost of intervention to no intervention
Compares relative costs of different interventions
League table commonly constructed to visualize options and
make decisions

Validity
Internal validity: measuring variables accurately so that
conclusions reached within a study are true (valid)
Requires correct temporal (time) sequence between exposure
and outcome, accounting for other factors that could confound
the relationship
External validity: applying the results of one study to other

populations or settings
Requires making assumptions about other settings and whether
your findings can be generalized

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DataClientRoom QualityFood QualityService Quality1GPG2GGG3GGG4GPG5.docx

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Database Project Charter/Business Case Khalia Hart University of Maryland Global Campus February 21, 2020 Introduction A database is an electronic collection of data that is built by a user so that they can access, update particular information in the database coherently or rapidly. Today firms employ integrated technology to increase their capacity to serve more clients, keep information well or effectively, organize activities according to the urgency or priorities, accounting records (Tüttelmann F, 2015). Most of the integrated technology depends on multiple databases that supply information relevant in making the decision. Since the business started using databases, their performance increase because the business decisions they make are sound and practical. Business Problem The supply chain management is one of the most complicated processes in the business and often at times due to need of detail it gets hard for the supply chain manager to keep the record of the work covered effectively, have enough data to make the decision and also have enough data to monitor the chain of operation (William, 2019). The supply chain has been so crucial for the business because it determines the performance of the company in the industry by assessing the quality of the product produced in the organization, cost of production, the time and effectiveness of distribution network, and overall production operation of the organization. Operation management has been named as the leading cause of business failure caused by a lack of a system, which the manager or the supervisor can use to monitor the whole system. This is the problem to solve using the database (William, 2019). Using a database, the manager can observe or watch the entire chain from their office, make better decisions by fore- planning approach of the database also make changes within the system when there is the need to cut costs or making the process effective. Project Scope Most business organizations are spread in operation, and this is the challenge that makes the supply chain management complex (Tüttelmann F, 2015). This is because the chain is in different localities, and therefore, coordination of operation among the user or the workers becomes a challenge. Through the database system, the business will enjoy proper coordination using the wide Area Network (LAN). Through the LAN network, the company can link computers and cost-effectively share data and communication. Through this system, the company will have a connection and coordination of the processes within the organization. The number of connected devices will range from 10 to 1000, depending on the type of tools and system that is set to facilitate this connection. Goals and objectives of the system The purpose of the system that I want to install in the supply chain management is to; · Monitoring of the supply chain- the system will enable the manager to monitor the system and every process in the order (Gattor.

Database Project CharterBusiness CaseKhalia HartUnive.docx

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Databases selected: Multiple databases... Full Text (1223 words) Kraft Reformulates Oreo, Scores in China Julie Jargon. Wall Street Journal. (Eastern edition). New York, N.Y.: May 1, 2008. pg. B.1 Abstract (Summary) Kraft, the world's second largest food company by revenue, reported a 13% drop in first-quarter net income Wednesday because of high commodity costs and increased spending on product research and marketing. Television commercials showed kids twisting apart Oreo cookies, licking the cream center and dipping the chocolate cookie halves into glasses of milk. (c) 2008 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Reproduced with permission of copyright owner. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission. Unlike its iconic American counterpart, the Oreo sold in China is frequently long, thin, four-layered and coated in chocolate. But both kinds of cookies have one important thing in common: They are now best sellers. The Oreo has long been the top-selling cookie in the U.S. market. But Kraft Foods Inc. had to reinvent the Oreo to make it sell well in the world's most populous nation. While Chinese Oreo sales represent a tiny fraction of Kraft's $37.2 billion in annual revenue, the cookie's journey in China exemplifies the kind of entrepreneurial transformation that Chief Executive Irene Rosenfeld is trying to spread throughout the food giant. Kraft, the world's second largest food company by revenue, reported a 13% drop in first-quarter net income Wednesday because of high commodity costs and increased spending on product research and marketing. Its international business, which now represents 40% of Kraft's revenue thanks to the company's recent acquisition of Groupe Danone's biscuits business, was a bright spot in the quarter, aided by the weak dollar. Kraft's profit in the European Union rose 48%, excluding special charges, and its profit in developing markets rose 57%. To try to increase growth at the company, Ms. Rosenfeld has been putting more power in the hands of Kraft's various business units around the globe, telling employees that decisions about Kraft products shouldn't all be made by people at the Northfield, Ill., headquarters. To take advantage of the European preference for dark chocolate, Kraft is introducing dark chocolate in Germany under its Milka brand. Research in Russia showed that consumers there like premium instant coffee, so Kraft is positioning its Carte Noire freeze-dried coffee as upscale by placing it at film festivals, fashion shows and operas. And in the Philippines, where iced tea is popular, Kraft last year launched iced-tea-flavored Tang. Ms. Rosenfeld has also been encouraging marketers to "reframe" product categories, no longer thinking, for example, that an Oreo has to be a round sandwich cookie. Oreos were first introduced in 1912 in the U.S., but it wasn't until 1996 that Kraft introduced Oreos to Chinese consumers. Nine years later, a makeover began. Shawn Warren, a 37-year-old .

Databases selected Multiple databases...Full Text (1223 .docx

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Database SystemsDesign, Implementation, and ManagementCo.docx

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DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 1 DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 19 Table of Contents 1. Database System Overview 3 1.1 Business Environment 3 1.2 Database system goals and objective 4 2. Entity Relationship Model 7 2.1 Proposed entities 7 2.2 Business rules 8 2.3 Entity–Relationship Model 9 2.3.1 Relationship Types 9 2.3.2 Normalization form 12 2.3.3 Benefit of using database design 14 3. Structured Query Language (SQL) Scripts 15 3.1 Data definition language (DDL) 15 3.2 Data manipulation language (DML) 16 3.3 SQL report 17 3.4 Benefit of using database queries 19 4. Database Administration Plan 20 5. Future Database System Implementation Plan 21 6. References 22 1. Database System Overview 1.1 Business Environment Office Depot, Inc is an American retail store company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Florida, United States. The company provides office and school supplies with 1400 retail stores and e-commerce sites. The supply includes everything to their customer like latest technology, core school and office supplies, printing and documenting service, furniture and other services like cell phone repair, tech and marketing service etc. Recently there were too many complaints from existing and new customer that the online site is super glitch and lagging. Another customer posted that the delivery did not come on the scheduled day. And they cannot track down the order because the website does not have tracking information. Also when the website is down, customer service cannot help to see the order details either and therefore, they feel it’s frustrating to order online and therefore want to cancel the order. One other customer posted in the website grievance section that the “label maker” showed available in the stock even though it was out of stock when verified with the customer service representative. With every product not in stock, we lose opportunity of sale which costs the store. This not only affect customer but also affect company. We are so dependent on the data, most of the time staff has to correct accounting report, sales estimates and invoice customer manually which is very time-consuming in an excel sheet. In order to solve above issues and avoid sales loss, Office Depot must have a database to store and maintain correct count of the products. This database will help inventory management i.e. tracking products, update inventory, find popular or less popular item, loss prevention, track inventory status and perform data mining. The staff can access this database via a computerized database. (Gerald H., Importance of inventory database retail)1.2 Database system goals and objective The mission of the company is to become number one retail company by creating inclusive environment and great shopping experience where both customer and employees are respected and valued. To achieve the retail store mission, we are committed to provide secure and robust data base system for ou.

DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN1DATABASE SYS.docx

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Database Security Assessment Transcript You are a contracting officer's technical representative, a Security System Engineer, at a military hospital. Your department's leaders are adopting a new medical health care database management system. And they've tasked you to create a request for proposal for which different vendors will compete to build and provide to the hospital. A Request For Proposal, or RFP, is when an organization sends out a request for estimates on performing a function, delivering a technology, or providing a service or augmenting staff. RFPs are tailored to each endeavor but have common components and are important in the world of IT contracting and for procurement and acquisitions. To complete the RFP, you must determine the technical and security specifications for the system. You'll write the requirements for the overall system and also provide evaluation standards that will be used in rating the vendor's performance. Your learning will help you determine your system's requirements. As you discover methods of attack, you'll write prevention and remediation requirements for the vendor to perform. You must identify the different vulnerabilities the database should be hardened against. Modern healthcare systems incorporate databases for effective and efficient management of patient healthcare. Databases are vulnerable to cyberattacks and must be designed and built with security controls from the beginning of the life cycle. Although hardening the database early in the life cycle is better, security is often incorporated after deployment, forcing hospital and healthcare IT professionals to play catch-up. Database security requirements should be defined at the requirements stage of acquisition and procurement. System security engineers and other acquisition personnel can effectively assist vendors in building better healthcare database systems by specifying security requirements up front within the request for proposal (RFP). In this project, you will be developing an RFP for a new medical healthcare database management system. Parts of your deliverables will be developed through your learning lab. You will submit the following deliverables for this project: Deliverables • An RFP, about 10 to 12 pages, in the form of a double-spaced Word document with citations in APA format. The page count does not include figures, diagrams, tables, or citations. There is no penalty for using additional pages. Include a minimum of six references. Include a reference list with the report. • An MS-Excel spreadsheet with lab results. There are 11 steps in this project. You will begin with the workplace scenario and continue with Step 1: "Provide an Overview for Vendors." Step 1: Provide an Overview for Vendors As the contracting officer's technical representative (COTR), you are the liaison between your hospital and potential vendors. It is your duty to provide vendors with an overview of your organization. To do so, identify infor.

Database Security Assessment Transcript You are a contracting office.docx

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Data: Hours Period Cycle Time 1 45 2 33 3 44 4 30 5 51 6 47 7 39 8 34 9 69 10 43 11 29 12 38 13 45 14 49 15 73 16 38 17 50 18 40 19 57 20 36 21 31 22 46 23 40 24 51 25 48 26 37 27 42 28 50 1. Calculate R-Bar? 2. Upper Control Limit for the Range? 3 Upper control limit for the individuals? 4 Lower control limit for the individuals? 5. What is the control chart telling you? 6. Is there adequate discrimination? .

Data.docx

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Database Design Mid Term Exam Spring 2020 Name: ____________________________ 1. What is a data model? A. method of storing files on a disk drive B. simple representation of complex real-world data structures C. name of system for designing software D. method of designing invoices for customers 2. A Relationship Database system consists of 3 parts: a client front end for sending information to a command processor, a middle tier that interprets user commands, and a management frame work for storing, organizing and securing data. a. True b. False 3. What are the 3 components of a table: A. Row, column, value B. Row, top, bottom C. Column, row, top D. Top, middle, end 4. What does the column represent in a table? a. Attribute of the table records b. A complete record in the table c. The system log from the database d. A list of database tables 5. What does a row in the table represent? a. A complete data record b. List of system logs c. A list of file systems on database server d. The primary keys from all the tables. 6. Which of the following is an example of data definition language (DDL)? a. UPDATE b. V$SYSLOG c. CREATE d. DETAIN 7 . Which of the following is an example of data manipulation language (DML)? A. SELECT B. ABORT C. GRANT D. REVOKE 8. A _______ key is an attribute that uniquely identifies a record in a table. 9. A _______ key is an attribute that is a primary key in one table and is used as a reference in a second table to establish a relationship between the two tables. 10. When running a ‘SELECT’ join, what is returned from the table: A. ROW B. Column C. single attribute D. all tables in the database 11. When running a ‘PROJECT’ join, what is returned from the table: A. COLUMN B. ROW C. Single Attribute D. a list of tables in the database 12. What are the 3 types of relationships commonly shown on an entity relationship diagram? A. 1 to 1 B. 1 to Many C. Many to Many D. All the above E. None of the above 13. What is an entity relationship diagram (ERD)? A. graphical representation of all entities in a database and how the entities are related b. list of the log files in the database. C. list of all the tablespace names in a database D. A diagram that shows how data is written to a physical disk drive. 14. The definition of an attribute in a table that has no value is: A. ZERO b. NULL c. ZILTCH D. NONE 15. A ____________ attribute can either be stored on retrieve on an ad hoc basis. 16. Briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of storing a derived attribute? 17. A database can process many types of data classifications. Which of the following is not a data classification or architecture that databases can process: A. Structured B. Semi-structured C. undelimited D. Unstructured 18. The process by which functional/partial dependency and transitive dependency is removed from a database table is called: a. sharding b. normalization c. defragmentation d. reallocation .

Database Design Mid Term ExamSpring 2020Name ________________.docx

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Database Justification Memo C reate a 1-page memo for the project stakeholder explaining why they should migrate towards a database driven application system rather than a static website. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the proposed changes AND Web Services Memo Create a 1-page memo to the project stakeholder on the importance of web services including security considerations, scalability, and compatibility. .

Database Justification MemoCreate a 1-page memo for the .docx

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Database Concept Maphttpwikieducator.orgCCNCCCN.docx

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Database Dump Script(Details of project in file)Mac1) O.docx

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Database Design 1. What is a data model? A. method of storing files on a disk drive B. simple representation of complex real-world data structures C. name of system for designing software D. method of designing invoices for customers 2. Which of the following are the most important elements of a security program for databases: a. Integrity, referential index, user rights b. Confidentiality. Integrity and Availability c. Availability, multi-master replication, high-bandwidth d. DBA, System Admin, and PMO 3. Suppose that you have a table with a number of product sales. The product code may repeat in the table as it is likely the same product could be sold multiple times. If you want to produce a list of the unique products that are sold, you could use which of the following keywords in the SELECT statement: A. LIKE B. ORDERED BY C. DISTINCT D. DIFFERENT 4. What does the column represent in a table? a. Attribute of the table records b. A complete record in the table c. The system log from the database d. A list of database tables 5. What does a row in the table represent? a. A complete data record b. List of system logs c. A list of file systems on database server d. The primary keys from all the tables. 6. Which of the following is an example of data definition language (DDL)? a. UPDATE b. V$SYSLOG c. CREATE d. DETAIN 7 . Which of the following is an example of data manipulation language (DML)? A. SELECT B. ABORT C. GRANT D. REVOKE 8. A _____________ key is an attribute that uniquely identifies a record in a table. 9. A _____________ key is an attribute that is a primary key in one table and is used as a reference in a second table to establish a relationship between the two tables. 10. When running a ‘SELECT’ join, what is returned from the table: A. ROW B. Column C. single attribute D. all tables in the database 11. When running a ‘PROJECT’ join, what is returned from the table: A. COLUMN B. ROW C. Single Attribute D. a list of tables in the database 12. What are the 3 types of relationships commonly shown on an entity relationship diagram? A. 1 to 1 B. 1 to Many C. Many to Many D. All the above E. None of the above 13. What is an entity relationship diagram (ERD)? A. graphical representation of all entities in a database and how the entities are related b. list of the log files in the database. C. list of all the tablespace names in a database D. A diagram that shows how data is written to a physical disk drive. 14. The definition of an attribute in a table that has no value is: A. ZERO b. NULL c. ZILTCH D. NONE 15. A __________ attribute can either be stored on retrieve on an ad hoc basis. 16. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of distributed management systems: a. Concurrency Control b. Business intelligence c. Transaction management d. query optimization 17. A database can process many types of data classifications. Which of the following is not a data class.

Database Design 1. What is a data model A. method of sto.docx

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DataAGEGENDERETHNICMAJORSEMHOUSEGPAHRSNEWSPAPTVHRSSLEEPWEIGHTHEIGHTCARJOBUSBORNSTATEGREEKPMSMEDFEDSIBLINGSCALLDADRELMOMRELSIBRELFAMRELCLUBSVOLHOURSCLUBHRSDEGREEEFFORTSTUDYDIFFWRKOUTWOMOTPHYFITIMAGEWOPUBPHYFITIMPCALNUTRITIONHEALTHDECFRUITVEGSMOKEDRINKBLACKOUT201CaucHealth Management & Policy3On3.6152071105'3No0YesIN114413444432021B4121E342441000555131191CaucSPHS-S3Off3.53161281105'3Yes0YesPA2255274444000A464C144441000455121202CaucLaw and Public Policy3On3.551831161355'8No0YesIN21332123232712C371B432322500443112221CaucManagement7On3.6163481585'9Yes3.5YesIN1145364444329B452D241441670455121201LatinaArts Management3Off3.2172108.51105'1Yes0YesNJ22331104444000A4103C143341200441131232CaucSafty9Off3.3182981605'10Yes21YesIN2133184434009B363D333331000342122212CaucSpeech and Hearing5Off3.8418245.51505'9Yes0YesIN2344120344323020B4123D251442000555121201CaucSpeech and Hearing3Off3.861521.57.51505'4Yes0YesIN254523.53444109B483B232321500333122202African AmericanBusiness3Off312247.51805'11Yes0YesIN23423544441010B342E253443000322122212CaucMicrobiology5Off3.31711071255'9Yes0YesOH2155254333000C282E341231700433121201South AfricanManagement5Off2.95152381005'2Yes0NoNJ2135224234100A453A234121200343241211CaucNonprofit5Off3152471505'9Yes15YesIN22342714442100B4153D131241500344121201African AmericanHealth Admin5Off31511581505'4Yes25YesIN224534344412510B361B513321000121122211African AmericanComm Health7Off2.7141157.51805'2Yes0YesIN22145504434000A352A11244700232121191CaucBiology3On3.88142171215'3No0YesIN2355183444210.5C4403C343242000454112221Sri LankanExercise Science6Off3.4117227.51305'5No0NoSri Lanka21440144041020C4152D242441500454112201CaucEnvironmental Management3Off3.5212081405'3No10.5YesIN2545813424422B3173D242332500444112202CaucManagement3Off2.31512091606'0Yes0YesIN2124034404006A3124B343242500342121201YellowManagement4Off3.2152071155'2No0NoSichuan2125054414002A3153B33323300233112211CaucArts Management5Off2.91620.56.51446'3Yes20YesIN2243154444503A37.52A231332000444122201CaucManagement3Off3.5152381405'5No0YesIN21434503444101A4153C231331200443141211CaucExercise Science5Off3.621522181805'7Yes15 YesIN2243244433321B4353C222231400343122211CaucExercise Science5Off3.98142571705'10Yes0YesIN2133143424201C452B332441700342122202CaucExercise Sciene5Off3.61723082105'10Yes0YesIN21222103344000B4202C233322000445122201CaucArt History3Off3.5151261605'4Yes0YesIN2134234444201A372B132431300334121201CaucHuman Development & Family Studies3On3.6152981505'6Yes8YesIN21442104344013B473C5322318000333121212CaucManagement7Off3.51182781756'0Yes0NoSC1245254444201B453C542442000432122182CaucBSPA Management1On3.67154371405'10No0YesIN2355153434212B4251A232332200453122212CaucExercise Science5On3.5616294.52126'3Yes0YesIN1245274444213.511C4152D353443900443131201African AmericanNonprofit Management3Off3.215367.51345'4Yes10YesIN2322673444388B4103E24244300553221202CaucArts Administration3Off3.6172071405'10Yes0YesIN1154113333264A383B222221500433121211CaucHealth Admin5Off31511561455'5Yes5YesTX2344144444200B452D.

DataAGEGENDERETHNICMAJORSEMHOUSEGPAHRSNEWSPAPTVHRSSLEEPWEIGHTHEIGH.docx

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