International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Efficacy of Facts in Power Oscillation Damping and Renewable IntegrationIOSRJEEE
This document summarizes research on using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices to improve power oscillation damping and facilitate renewable energy integration. It discusses how power oscillations can lead to instability if not controlled and how FACTS devices like STATCOM and SVC can enhance stability. It presents simulations of the IEEE 14-bus system that demonstrate improved damping from these controllers. Eigenvalue analysis shows STATCOM shifts modes further into the stable region than SVC. Both STATCOM and SVC integration helps renewable sources by mitigating power quality issues to allow more distributed generation on the grid.
This paper presents a method to improve transient stability and damping of low frequency oscillations in a multi-machine power system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy control of FACTS devices. A Simulink model of a three generator power system equipped with a UPFC is developed. Simulation results show that a UPFC controlled using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system controller more effectively improves transient stability and damps power oscillations compared to using SSSC. The neuro-fuzzy controller is trained using a hybrid learning algorithm to tune its parameters online based on generator speed deviation and acceleration as inputs.
Simulation of D-STATCOM to study Voltage Stability in Distribution systemijsrd.com
This document presents a simulation study of a D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) to improve voltage stability in a distribution system. It first provides background on voltage dips and describes the structure of a STATCOM, which includes a voltage source inverter, transformer, and controller. The simulation model of the D-STATCOM and distribution network is developed using SimPowerSystems blocks. Simulation results show that without the D-STATCOM, voltage dips to 0.93 p.u. during a load change, but with the D-STATCOM the voltage is stabilized at 1.0 p.u., demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating power quality issues like voltage instability.
Comparison of facts devices for two area power system stability enhancement u...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of SVC and STATCOM FACTS devices for enhancing transient stability in a two area power system modelled in MATLAB. The paper reviews previous research on using FACTS controllers like SVC, STATCOM, SSSC, TCSC and UPFC to improve power system stability. Simulation results from the paper indicate that a two machine system installed with STATCOM provided better damping of rotor angle oscillations compared to an SVC installation, demonstrating improved transient stability when using a STATCOM.
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) with Superconducting Magnetic En...IDES Editor
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) has
been designed with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
(SMES) system. A closed loop control scheme has been
proposed with PI controller and real and reactive powers are
taken as references. A 48 pulse voltage source inverter is
designed for the SSSC. Control scheme for the chopper circuit
of SMES coil is also designed. A three area system is taken as
the test system and the operation of SSSC with SMES is
analysed for various transient disturbances. Test results under
different disturbances and operating conditions show the
proposed SSSC with SMES is effective in damping out the
power system oscillations.
Power Flow Control in Power System Using FACT Device Thyristor Controlled Ser...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices for power flow control in a power system. Specifically, it models and simulates the use of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static VAR Compensator (SVC) in a two-area, four-machine 11-bus test system using MATLAB/Simulink. TCSC is installed between buses 9 and 10 to reduce line reactance and improve power flow. SVC is installed at bus 9 for voltage control. Simulation results show that TCSC and SVC effectively control active and reactive power flows and bus voltages in the system.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines using a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and Power System Stabilizer (PSS) to mitigate oscillations in a power system. The paper presents a control scheme for the UPFC damping controller and analyzes the results of using the controller to damp oscillations compared to using an advanced PSS alone. The document provides background on the UPFC, which uses voltage-sourced converters to control active and reactive power flows and can improve power transmission stability. It describes the basic operating principle of the UPFC and presents the configuration used in practical implementations with two back-to-back voltage sourced converters connected by a common DC link.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Efficacy of Facts in Power Oscillation Damping and Renewable IntegrationIOSRJEEE
This document summarizes research on using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices to improve power oscillation damping and facilitate renewable energy integration. It discusses how power oscillations can lead to instability if not controlled and how FACTS devices like STATCOM and SVC can enhance stability. It presents simulations of the IEEE 14-bus system that demonstrate improved damping from these controllers. Eigenvalue analysis shows STATCOM shifts modes further into the stable region than SVC. Both STATCOM and SVC integration helps renewable sources by mitigating power quality issues to allow more distributed generation on the grid.
This paper presents a method to improve transient stability and damping of low frequency oscillations in a multi-machine power system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy control of FACTS devices. A Simulink model of a three generator power system equipped with a UPFC is developed. Simulation results show that a UPFC controlled using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system controller more effectively improves transient stability and damps power oscillations compared to using SSSC. The neuro-fuzzy controller is trained using a hybrid learning algorithm to tune its parameters online based on generator speed deviation and acceleration as inputs.
Simulation of D-STATCOM to study Voltage Stability in Distribution systemijsrd.com
This document presents a simulation study of a D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) to improve voltage stability in a distribution system. It first provides background on voltage dips and describes the structure of a STATCOM, which includes a voltage source inverter, transformer, and controller. The simulation model of the D-STATCOM and distribution network is developed using SimPowerSystems blocks. Simulation results show that without the D-STATCOM, voltage dips to 0.93 p.u. during a load change, but with the D-STATCOM the voltage is stabilized at 1.0 p.u., demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating power quality issues like voltage instability.
Comparison of facts devices for two area power system stability enhancement u...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of SVC and STATCOM FACTS devices for enhancing transient stability in a two area power system modelled in MATLAB. The paper reviews previous research on using FACTS controllers like SVC, STATCOM, SSSC, TCSC and UPFC to improve power system stability. Simulation results from the paper indicate that a two machine system installed with STATCOM provided better damping of rotor angle oscillations compared to an SVC installation, demonstrating improved transient stability when using a STATCOM.
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) with Superconducting Magnetic En...IDES Editor
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) has
been designed with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
(SMES) system. A closed loop control scheme has been
proposed with PI controller and real and reactive powers are
taken as references. A 48 pulse voltage source inverter is
designed for the SSSC. Control scheme for the chopper circuit
of SMES coil is also designed. A three area system is taken as
the test system and the operation of SSSC with SMES is
analysed for various transient disturbances. Test results under
different disturbances and operating conditions show the
proposed SSSC with SMES is effective in damping out the
power system oscillations.
Power Flow Control in Power System Using FACT Device Thyristor Controlled Ser...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices for power flow control in a power system. Specifically, it models and simulates the use of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static VAR Compensator (SVC) in a two-area, four-machine 11-bus test system using MATLAB/Simulink. TCSC is installed between buses 9 and 10 to reduce line reactance and improve power flow. SVC is installed at bus 9 for voltage control. Simulation results show that TCSC and SVC effectively control active and reactive power flows and bus voltages in the system.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines using a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and Power System Stabilizer (PSS) to mitigate oscillations in a power system. The paper presents a control scheme for the UPFC damping controller and analyzes the results of using the controller to damp oscillations compared to using an advanced PSS alone. The document provides background on the UPFC, which uses voltage-sourced converters to control active and reactive power flows and can improve power transmission stability. It describes the basic operating principle of the UPFC and presents the configuration used in practical implementations with two back-to-back voltage sourced converters connected by a common DC link.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Location of Shunt FACTS Devices for First-Swing Stability Enhancement in Inte...Editor IJMTER
This paper deals with the location of shunt FACTS devices to improve transient stability
in a long transmission line with predefined direction of real power flow. Shunt Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices, when placed at the mid-point of a long transmission line,
play an important role in controlling the reactive power flow to the power network and hence both
the system voltage fluctuations and transient stability. The validity of the mid-point location of shunt
FACTS devices was verified using Simulink, with different shunt FACTS devices, namely static var
compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in a long transmission line
using the actual line model. It has been observed that the FACTS devices, when placed slightly offcentre towards sending-end, give better performance in improving transient stability and the location
depends on the amount of local/through load. The results are experimented and simulated on
MATLAB/Simulink environment.
There are two broad classes of power system stability:
1) Steady state stability - The ability of a system to maintain equilibrium after a small disturbance.
2) Transient stability - The ability to maintain synchronism during large disturbances like faults.
Factors influencing transient stability include generator loading, fault conditions, clearing time, reactances, and inertia. Methods to improve it include high-speed excitation, series capacitors, fault clearing and independent pole operation.
1) The document compares the effectiveness of TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) and SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator) in damping sub-synchronous oscillations in power systems.
2) It describes the control structures of TCSC and SSSC, which include a PI controller and supplementary sub-synchronous damping controller (SSDC) that takes the rotor speed deviation as input.
3) Simulation results on the IEEE second benchmark model show that SSSC has superior ability to damp sub-synchronous oscillations compared to TCSC when subjected to disturbances like a change in input mechanical power or disconnection of a transmission line.
Performance comparison of SVC and SSSC with POD controller for Power System S...IOSR Journals
This document compares the performance of a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and static VAR compensator (SVC), both with a power oscillation damping (POD) controller, for improving power system stability. It simulates a test power system in MATLAB/Simulink with each device. The SSSC is able to inject a controllable voltage in series with a transmission line to emulate inductive or capacitive reactance. The SVC injects reactive power to regulate voltage. Simulation results show the SVC with POD controller more effectively enhances voltage stability and increases transmission capacity during faults compared to the SSSC.
Evolve the Controller for Static Synchronous Series Compensator Based on Cont...IJPEDS-IAES
Real and Reactive power flow in an alternating current transmission line can be independently controlled by connecting, to the transmission line, a series- compensating voltage, which is variable in magnitude and phase angle. The Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), a solid-state voltage source inverter (VSC) coupled with a transformer, is connected in series with a transmission line. An SSSC injects an almost sinusoidal voltage, of variable magnitude, in series with a transmission line. This injected voltage is almost in quadrature with the line current, thereby emulating an inductive or a capacitive reactance in series with the transmission line. This emulated variable reactance, inserted by the injected voltage source, influences the electric power flow in the transmission line. In this report, an attempt is made to evolve the model of SSSC and VSC with preliminary studies for the controller design.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Transformer-Less UPFC for Wind Turbine ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this paper, an innovative technique with a new concept of transformer-less unified power flow controller
(UPFC) is implemented. The construction of the conventional UPFC that consists of two back-to-back inverters
which results in complexity and bulkiness which involves the transformers which are complication for
isolation & attaining high power rating with required output waveforms. To reduce a above problem to a
certain extent, a innovative transformer-less UPFC based on less complex configuration with two cascade
multilevel inverters (CMIs) has been proposed. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) has been the most
versatile Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device due to its ability to control real and reactive power
80w on transmission lines while controlling the voltage of the bus to which it is connected. UPFC being a
multi-variable power system controller it is necessary to analyze its effect on power system operation. The
new UPFC offers several merits over the traditional technology, such as Transformer-less, Light weight, High
efficiency, Low cost & Fast dynamic response. This paper mainly highlights the modulation and control for
this innovative transformer-less UPFC, involving desired fundamental frequency modulation (FFM) for low
total harmonic distortion (THD), independent active and reactive power control over the transmission line,
dc-link voltage balance control, etc. The unique capabilities of the UPFC in multiple line compensation are
integrated into a generalized power flow controller that is able to maintain prescribed, and independently
controllable, real power & reactive power flow in the line. UPFC simply controls the magnitude and angular
position of the injected voltage in real time so as to maintain or vary the real and reactive power flow in the
line to satisfy load demand & system operating conditions. UPFC can control various power system
parameters, such as bus voltages and line flows. The impact of UPFC control modes and settings on the
power system reliability has not been addressed sufficiently yet. Cascade multilevel inverters has been
proposed to have an overview of producing the light weight STATCOM’s which enhances the power quality at
the output levels.When the multilevel converter is applied to STATCOM, each of the cascaded H-bridge
converters should be equipped with a galvanically isolated and floating dc capacitor without any power
source or circuit. This enables to eliminate a bulky, heavy, and costly line-frequency transformer from the
cascade STATCOM. When no UPFC is installed, interruption of either three-phase line due to a fault reduces
an active power flow to half, because the line impedance becomes double before the interruption. Installing
the UPFC makes it possible to control an amount of active power flowing through the transmission system.
Results has been shown through MATLAB Simulink
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Voltage Stability analysis by using SVC With Fuzzy Logic Controller in Multi ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power system can be simulated and analyzed based on a mathematical model however; uncertainty still exists due to change of loads and an occurrence of fault. Recently, fuzzy theory highly flexible easily operated and revised, theory is a better choice, especially for a complicated system with many variables. Hence, this work aims to develop a controller based on fuzzy logic to simulate an automatic voltage regulator in transient stability power system analysis. By adding power system stabilizer for tuning of fuzzy logic stabilizing controller there is no need for exact knowledge of power system mathematical model. The fuzzy controller parameters settings are independent due to nonlinear changes in generator and transmission lines operating conditions. Because of that proposed fuzzy controlled power system stabilizer should perform better than the conventional controller. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS), numerous techniques have been proposed in the article. The conventional PSS's effect on the system damping is then compared with a fuzzy logic based PSS while applied to a single machine infinite bus power system.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed
Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability ...IJSRD
This paper presents, the performance of STATCOM placed at midpoint of the two machine power system and compared with the performance of SVC. The comparison of various results found for the different type of faults (single line, double line & three phase fault) occur in long transmission line, and their removal by using shunt FACTS devices is analysed. Computer simulation results under a severe disturbance condition (three phase fault) for different fault clearing times, and different line lengths are analyzed. Both controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows that the STATCOM with conventional PI controller installed with two machine three bus systems provides better damping oscillation characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine power system installed with SVC. The transient stability of two machine system installed with STATCOM has been improved considerably and post settling time of the system after facing disturbance is also improved.
Transient Stability of Power System using Facts Device-UPFCijsrd.com
This paper is based on Occurrence of a fault in a power system causes transients. To stabilize the system, The Flexible Alternating Current Transmission (FACTS) devices such as UPFC are becoming important in suppressing power system oscillations and improving system damping. The UPFC is a solid-state device, which can be used to control the active and reactive power.. By using a UPFC the oscillation introduced by the faults, the rotor angle and speed deviations can be damped out quickly than a system without a UPFC. The effectiveness of UPFC in suppressing power system oscillation is investigated by analyzing their oscillation in rotor angle and change in speed occurred in the two machine system considered in this work. A proportional integral (PI) controller has been employed for the UPFC. It is also shown that a UPFC can control independently the real and reactive power flow in a transmission line. A MATLAB simulation has been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the UPFC in achieving transient stability of the two-machine five-bus system.
Stability Modeling Of Storage Devices In FACTS Applicationspreeti naga
The document discusses modeling of storage devices like SMES and BESS for stability applications in FACTS. It describes the need for storage devices to improve controllability in FACTS. It explains SMES, with the superconducting coil producing large fringe fields and power conversion through a VSC and DC-DC chopper. Steady state models are used in power flow studies to maintain real and reactive power injections. State of operation models storage devices as quasi-steady interfaces with dynamic controls. Static VAR compensators are also discussed with thyristor controlled reactors and capacitors to regulate voltage. Dynamic models of the superconducting inductor and battery are also presented.
Voltage collapse mitigation by reactive power compensation at the load sideeSAT Journals
Abstract Power system stability may be defined as the property of a power system that enables it to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance. A general and formal definition is given below. The IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force has proposed the following definition-“Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded, so that practically the entire system remains intact.” The challenge faced in the modern power system is the collapse of voltages at heavy loads at the load buses of a power system. The voltage collapse will in turn will effect the stability of the power system. In this paper a novel way of mitigating the voltage collapse by supplying the reactive power at load buses is discussed and encouraging simulation results are obtained. The method employed is as fallows. Simulation is done without SVC and STATCOM at load buses. On comparison of the results at the load buses it is seen that with SVC and STATCOM at the load buses voltage collapse is mitigated in spite of heavily loading the system. Keywords: Voltage Collapse, Reactive Power Management, Load Bus, Power System Stability.
LOW VOLTAGE RIDE - THROUGH CAPABILITY OF WIND FARMSEditor IJMTER
Nowadays wind turbines are generally required to offer ancillary services similar to those
provided by conventional generators. One of the most important services wind turbines must offer is
to stay connected to the grid in fault situations delivering the reactive current specified in the recent
grid codes. In this paper, FACTS solutions for fixed speed wind farms such as DVR (Dynamic
Voltage Restorer) are presented as well as classic control and crowbar solutions for variable speed
wind turbines.
The document discusses unified power flow controllers (UPFCs) and their benefits for power systems. It provides the following key points:
1) A UPFC consists of two voltage-source converters connected by a DC link, allowing one converter to operate as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to provide reactive power support and the other to function as a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) to control real power flow.
2) UPFCs offer benefits like regulating power flows, reducing the need for new transmission infrastructure, improving transient stability, and independently controlling real and reactive power flows.
3) The document describes the basic configuration and circuit of a UPFC installed between a sending and receiving end
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes the analysis of stresses and deformations in a steel liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder due to internal pressure loading. The cylinder is modeled in Pro/ENGINEER and analyzed in ANSYS. Analytical calculations are performed and compared to the finite element analysis results. A thickness of 2.4-2.5mm is determined to satisfy the stress and volume requirements. The maximum hoop stress of 76.8 MPa is below the steel yield strength of 480 MPa. Variations in stress and deformation values along the cylinder are studied using the finite element model.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Location of Shunt FACTS Devices for First-Swing Stability Enhancement in Inte...Editor IJMTER
This paper deals with the location of shunt FACTS devices to improve transient stability
in a long transmission line with predefined direction of real power flow. Shunt Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices, when placed at the mid-point of a long transmission line,
play an important role in controlling the reactive power flow to the power network and hence both
the system voltage fluctuations and transient stability. The validity of the mid-point location of shunt
FACTS devices was verified using Simulink, with different shunt FACTS devices, namely static var
compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in a long transmission line
using the actual line model. It has been observed that the FACTS devices, when placed slightly offcentre towards sending-end, give better performance in improving transient stability and the location
depends on the amount of local/through load. The results are experimented and simulated on
MATLAB/Simulink environment.
There are two broad classes of power system stability:
1) Steady state stability - The ability of a system to maintain equilibrium after a small disturbance.
2) Transient stability - The ability to maintain synchronism during large disturbances like faults.
Factors influencing transient stability include generator loading, fault conditions, clearing time, reactances, and inertia. Methods to improve it include high-speed excitation, series capacitors, fault clearing and independent pole operation.
1) The document compares the effectiveness of TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) and SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator) in damping sub-synchronous oscillations in power systems.
2) It describes the control structures of TCSC and SSSC, which include a PI controller and supplementary sub-synchronous damping controller (SSDC) that takes the rotor speed deviation as input.
3) Simulation results on the IEEE second benchmark model show that SSSC has superior ability to damp sub-synchronous oscillations compared to TCSC when subjected to disturbances like a change in input mechanical power or disconnection of a transmission line.
Performance comparison of SVC and SSSC with POD controller for Power System S...IOSR Journals
This document compares the performance of a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and static VAR compensator (SVC), both with a power oscillation damping (POD) controller, for improving power system stability. It simulates a test power system in MATLAB/Simulink with each device. The SSSC is able to inject a controllable voltage in series with a transmission line to emulate inductive or capacitive reactance. The SVC injects reactive power to regulate voltage. Simulation results show the SVC with POD controller more effectively enhances voltage stability and increases transmission capacity during faults compared to the SSSC.
Evolve the Controller for Static Synchronous Series Compensator Based on Cont...IJPEDS-IAES
Real and Reactive power flow in an alternating current transmission line can be independently controlled by connecting, to the transmission line, a series- compensating voltage, which is variable in magnitude and phase angle. The Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), a solid-state voltage source inverter (VSC) coupled with a transformer, is connected in series with a transmission line. An SSSC injects an almost sinusoidal voltage, of variable magnitude, in series with a transmission line. This injected voltage is almost in quadrature with the line current, thereby emulating an inductive or a capacitive reactance in series with the transmission line. This emulated variable reactance, inserted by the injected voltage source, influences the electric power flow in the transmission line. In this report, an attempt is made to evolve the model of SSSC and VSC with preliminary studies for the controller design.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Transformer-Less UPFC for Wind Turbine ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this paper, an innovative technique with a new concept of transformer-less unified power flow controller
(UPFC) is implemented. The construction of the conventional UPFC that consists of two back-to-back inverters
which results in complexity and bulkiness which involves the transformers which are complication for
isolation & attaining high power rating with required output waveforms. To reduce a above problem to a
certain extent, a innovative transformer-less UPFC based on less complex configuration with two cascade
multilevel inverters (CMIs) has been proposed. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) has been the most
versatile Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device due to its ability to control real and reactive power
80w on transmission lines while controlling the voltage of the bus to which it is connected. UPFC being a
multi-variable power system controller it is necessary to analyze its effect on power system operation. The
new UPFC offers several merits over the traditional technology, such as Transformer-less, Light weight, High
efficiency, Low cost & Fast dynamic response. This paper mainly highlights the modulation and control for
this innovative transformer-less UPFC, involving desired fundamental frequency modulation (FFM) for low
total harmonic distortion (THD), independent active and reactive power control over the transmission line,
dc-link voltage balance control, etc. The unique capabilities of the UPFC in multiple line compensation are
integrated into a generalized power flow controller that is able to maintain prescribed, and independently
controllable, real power & reactive power flow in the line. UPFC simply controls the magnitude and angular
position of the injected voltage in real time so as to maintain or vary the real and reactive power flow in the
line to satisfy load demand & system operating conditions. UPFC can control various power system
parameters, such as bus voltages and line flows. The impact of UPFC control modes and settings on the
power system reliability has not been addressed sufficiently yet. Cascade multilevel inverters has been
proposed to have an overview of producing the light weight STATCOM’s which enhances the power quality at
the output levels.When the multilevel converter is applied to STATCOM, each of the cascaded H-bridge
converters should be equipped with a galvanically isolated and floating dc capacitor without any power
source or circuit. This enables to eliminate a bulky, heavy, and costly line-frequency transformer from the
cascade STATCOM. When no UPFC is installed, interruption of either three-phase line due to a fault reduces
an active power flow to half, because the line impedance becomes double before the interruption. Installing
the UPFC makes it possible to control an amount of active power flowing through the transmission system.
Results has been shown through MATLAB Simulink
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Voltage Stability analysis by using SVC With Fuzzy Logic Controller in Multi ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power system can be simulated and analyzed based on a mathematical model however; uncertainty still exists due to change of loads and an occurrence of fault. Recently, fuzzy theory highly flexible easily operated and revised, theory is a better choice, especially for a complicated system with many variables. Hence, this work aims to develop a controller based on fuzzy logic to simulate an automatic voltage regulator in transient stability power system analysis. By adding power system stabilizer for tuning of fuzzy logic stabilizing controller there is no need for exact knowledge of power system mathematical model. The fuzzy controller parameters settings are independent due to nonlinear changes in generator and transmission lines operating conditions. Because of that proposed fuzzy controlled power system stabilizer should perform better than the conventional controller. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS), numerous techniques have been proposed in the article. The conventional PSS's effect on the system damping is then compared with a fuzzy logic based PSS while applied to a single machine infinite bus power system.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed
Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability ...IJSRD
This paper presents, the performance of STATCOM placed at midpoint of the two machine power system and compared with the performance of SVC. The comparison of various results found for the different type of faults (single line, double line & three phase fault) occur in long transmission line, and their removal by using shunt FACTS devices is analysed. Computer simulation results under a severe disturbance condition (three phase fault) for different fault clearing times, and different line lengths are analyzed. Both controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows that the STATCOM with conventional PI controller installed with two machine three bus systems provides better damping oscillation characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine power system installed with SVC. The transient stability of two machine system installed with STATCOM has been improved considerably and post settling time of the system after facing disturbance is also improved.
Transient Stability of Power System using Facts Device-UPFCijsrd.com
This paper is based on Occurrence of a fault in a power system causes transients. To stabilize the system, The Flexible Alternating Current Transmission (FACTS) devices such as UPFC are becoming important in suppressing power system oscillations and improving system damping. The UPFC is a solid-state device, which can be used to control the active and reactive power.. By using a UPFC the oscillation introduced by the faults, the rotor angle and speed deviations can be damped out quickly than a system without a UPFC. The effectiveness of UPFC in suppressing power system oscillation is investigated by analyzing their oscillation in rotor angle and change in speed occurred in the two machine system considered in this work. A proportional integral (PI) controller has been employed for the UPFC. It is also shown that a UPFC can control independently the real and reactive power flow in a transmission line. A MATLAB simulation has been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the UPFC in achieving transient stability of the two-machine five-bus system.
Stability Modeling Of Storage Devices In FACTS Applicationspreeti naga
The document discusses modeling of storage devices like SMES and BESS for stability applications in FACTS. It describes the need for storage devices to improve controllability in FACTS. It explains SMES, with the superconducting coil producing large fringe fields and power conversion through a VSC and DC-DC chopper. Steady state models are used in power flow studies to maintain real and reactive power injections. State of operation models storage devices as quasi-steady interfaces with dynamic controls. Static VAR compensators are also discussed with thyristor controlled reactors and capacitors to regulate voltage. Dynamic models of the superconducting inductor and battery are also presented.
Voltage collapse mitigation by reactive power compensation at the load sideeSAT Journals
Abstract Power system stability may be defined as the property of a power system that enables it to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance. A general and formal definition is given below. The IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force has proposed the following definition-“Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded, so that practically the entire system remains intact.” The challenge faced in the modern power system is the collapse of voltages at heavy loads at the load buses of a power system. The voltage collapse will in turn will effect the stability of the power system. In this paper a novel way of mitigating the voltage collapse by supplying the reactive power at load buses is discussed and encouraging simulation results are obtained. The method employed is as fallows. Simulation is done without SVC and STATCOM at load buses. On comparison of the results at the load buses it is seen that with SVC and STATCOM at the load buses voltage collapse is mitigated in spite of heavily loading the system. Keywords: Voltage Collapse, Reactive Power Management, Load Bus, Power System Stability.
LOW VOLTAGE RIDE - THROUGH CAPABILITY OF WIND FARMSEditor IJMTER
Nowadays wind turbines are generally required to offer ancillary services similar to those
provided by conventional generators. One of the most important services wind turbines must offer is
to stay connected to the grid in fault situations delivering the reactive current specified in the recent
grid codes. In this paper, FACTS solutions for fixed speed wind farms such as DVR (Dynamic
Voltage Restorer) are presented as well as classic control and crowbar solutions for variable speed
wind turbines.
The document discusses unified power flow controllers (UPFCs) and their benefits for power systems. It provides the following key points:
1) A UPFC consists of two voltage-source converters connected by a DC link, allowing one converter to operate as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to provide reactive power support and the other to function as a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) to control real power flow.
2) UPFCs offer benefits like regulating power flows, reducing the need for new transmission infrastructure, improving transient stability, and independently controlling real and reactive power flows.
3) The document describes the basic configuration and circuit of a UPFC installed between a sending and receiving end
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes the analysis of stresses and deformations in a steel liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder due to internal pressure loading. The cylinder is modeled in Pro/ENGINEER and analyzed in ANSYS. Analytical calculations are performed and compared to the finite element analysis results. A thickness of 2.4-2.5mm is determined to satisfy the stress and volume requirements. The maximum hoop stress of 76.8 MPa is below the steel yield strength of 480 MPa. Variations in stress and deformation values along the cylinder are studied using the finite element model.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
O documento fornece informações sobre as tarifas de chamadas internacionais do Skype para diferentes países. As tarifas variam de R$0,000 a R$4,536 por minuto dependendo do destino, e incluem ou não impostos. O Skype oferece chamadas baratas para telefones fixos e celulares em comparação com outros provedores de serviços de telefonia.
El documento lista los nombres de 9 compañeras que conforman un curso avanzado: Tere Juanita Leydi Paola Bertha Perla Martha Raygoza Marisol Lupita y Lety.
Este documento presenta varios extractos poéticos del escritor indio Rabindranath Tagore. Los extractos tratan sobre temas como la naturaleza, el amor, la vida y la muerte. Expresan la sabiduría y sensibilidad de Tagore a través de imágenes y preguntas filosóficas. El documento también destaca la habilidad de Tagore para transmitir sentimientos complejos a través de la música y la poesía.
Este documento describe los pasos para encontrar la función inversa de una función. Los estudiantes expresarán verbalmente los pasos necesarios y uno de ellos los desarrollará en el pizarrón. Luego, el grupo determinará si los pasos y la función inversa resultante son correctos. El estudiante también desarrollará un procedimiento general en varios pasos para encontrar la función inversa de cualquier función.
A dengue é uma doença febril aguda causada por um vírus transmitido pela picada do mosquito Aedes aegypti, apresentando sintomas que variam desde febre alta e dores musculares na forma clássica até sangramentos e queda da pressão arterial na forma hemorrágica, que pode levar à morte se não tratada rapidamente.
This document provides examples of calculating the mean, median, and mode for various data sets. It includes the data set, followed by the calculated mean, median, and mode for each set. There are 15 total examples shown.
Febre, dor de cabeça e dor muscular são alguns dos sintomas da dengue clássica. A maioria das infecções é assintomática, mas quando surgem os sintomas evoluem para dengue clássica, dengue hemorrágica ou síndrome do choque associado à dengue. Existem quatro tipos de vírus da dengue que causam os mesmos sintomas, e uma pessoa pode contrair a doença quatro vezes.
En el Colegio Santiago de las Atalayas, los estudiantes de diferentes cursos realizan cada mes o en fechas especiales un acto conmemorativo en el que se enfoca en un tema específico. Cada curso elige a por lo menos un estudiante para participar y proyectar la unión de la institución. Dependiendo del tema, cada curso selecciona al estudiante que mejor cumpla con las cualidades propuestas. La izada de bandera permite que los estudiantes muestren sus talentos y habilidades ante el público.
Este documento presenta una variedad de hechos curiosos sobre la biología y comportamiento de diferentes especies animales, eventos históricos y orígenes etimológicos de palabras y expresiones. Algunos de los hechos incluyen que las ratas pueden tener más de un millón de crías en 18 meses, los koalas pueden vivir sin beber agua, y Miguel de Cervantes y William Shakespeare murieron el mismo día en 1616.
Este documento trata sobre la parábola de Jesús del hombre rico que acumuló grandes riquezas para sí mismo pero murió esa misma noche. Jesús advierte que la verdadera riqueza no proviene de las posesiones materiales sino de compartir con los demás. El documento también menciona que Jesús se negó a juzgar una disputa sobre una herencia y en cambio advirtió sobre los peligros de la avaricia y la necesidad de no depender de las riquezas.
1) A dengue é uma doença febril transmitida pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti que é um dos principais problemas de saúde mundiais.
2) Existem quatro sorotipos do vírus da dengue: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 e DEN-4.
3) O mosquito transmite o vírus ao picar pessoas infectadas e se infecta ao se alimentar de sangue durante o período febril inicial.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
USING SSSC & STATCOM --IMPROVE TRANSIENT STABILITY--P & Q OSICALLATIONSIJSRD
In a deregulated power system, the electric power demand is extending ordinary which may lead to overloads and loss of generation. Transient stability studies put a fundamental part in power systems, which give information related to the capacity of a power structure to stay in synchronism during major disturbances resulting from either the loss of generation or transmission facilities, sudden or sustained changes. The examination of transient quality is discriminating to work the power structure more secure and this paper focuses on growing the transient relentlessness using FACTS devices like Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). These FACTS contraptions are in a perfect world set on transmission structure using Sensitivity approach framework.
Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability ...IJSRD
This paper presents, the performance of STATCOM placed at midpoint of the two machine power system and compared with the performance of SVC. The comparison of various results found for the different type of faults (single line, double line & three phase fault) occur in long transmission line, and their removal by using shunt FACTS devices is analysed. Computer simulation results under a severe disturbance condition (three phase fault) for different fault clearing times, and different line lengths are analyzed. Both controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows that the STATCOM with conventional PI controller installed with two machine three bus systems provides better damping oscillation characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine power system installed with SVC. The transient stability of two machine system installed with STATCOM has been improved considerably and post settling time of the system after facing disturbance is also improved.
Enhancement of Power System Dynamics Using a Novel Series Compensation SchemeIJMER
Phase imbalanced capacitive compensation is a “hybrid” series compensation scheme, where the
series capacitive compensation in one phase is created using a single-phase TCSC in series with a fixed capacitor
(Cc), and the other two phases are compensated by fixed series capacitors (C). The TCSC control is initially set
such that its equivalent compensations at the power frequency combined with the fixed capacitor yield a
resultant compensation equal to the other two phases. Thus, the phase balance is maintained at the power
frequency while at any other frequency, a phase imbalance is created. The effectiveness of the scheme in damping
power system oscillations for various network conditions, namely different system faults and tie-line power flows is
evaluated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK Software
A Simulink Model for Damping Power System Oscillations Using Fact DevicesIOSR Journals
This document presents a Simulink model for damping power system oscillations using FACTS devices. It describes a hybrid series compensation scheme using a single-phase thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and fixed capacitors on the other two phases. The TCSC is equipped with a proportional-integral controller to modulate its reactance based on stabilizing signals. Case studies on a test power system show the hybrid scheme provides better damping than fixed compensation alone. The best damping was achieved using local generator angle differences as stabilizing signals.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document summarizes research into improving transient stability in power transmission systems using a Static VAR Compensator (SVC) with a hybrid PI-Fuzzy Logic controller. It begins with an introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and the role of SVC devices in voltage control and reactive power compensation. It then describes modeling an SVC and the operating principles of conventional PI control. The limitations of PI control for nonlinear systems are discussed. The document proposes a hybrid PI-Fuzzy Logic controller to combine the advantages of both. Simulation results using MATLAB on a 2-machine 3-bus test system show the hybrid controller improves performance during disturbances over PI or Fuzzy Logic control alone.
Introduction System stability analysis represents one of the common.pdfbkbk37
This document discusses system stability analysis in electrical systems and the role of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices in enhancing stability. It provides an overview of different FACTS devices like STATCOM, TCSC, TCPST, SVC, and UPFC. Mathematical models for some key FACTS devices are presented, including the UPFC model using a back-to-back voltage source representation. The controllable power flow regions for TCSC, TCPST and UPFC are compared, showing the UPFC has the largest control region. Transient stability is also discussed, noting some FACTS devices can damp power oscillations and improve transient stability following disturbances.
This document provides an overview of system stability analysis and flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices. It discusses how FACTS devices like STATCOM, SVC, TCSC, and UPFC can improve power system stability, voltage stability, and transient stability through reactive power compensation and active power flow control. Mathematical models of various FACTS devices are also presented to analyze their control capabilities and impact on power flow.
DESIGN OF MPSS AND TCSC DAMPING CONTROLLERS IN MULTI- MACHINE POWER SYSTEM U...Editor IJMTER
The main approach of this paper is to do the small signal analysis in a two area four
machine power system which has coordinated design of both MPSS and TCSC. TCSC controller is
design based on power oscillation damping controller which is used for voltage series compensation
at the voltage sag, voltage swell .Small signal stability analysis is nothing but analysis in power
system for low frequency components in the range of 0.1hz to 2hz.Linear modeling of the power
system is carried out to find out the frequency analysis at the different system components like
transformer, other devices. BFO algorithm is used to minimize an Eigen value based multi-objective
in which it tunes the parameter of the POD controller ,it will be improve the system stability and it
saves the computational cost and in less iterations we can achieve the good optimized POD
parameter values. The time domain simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment carried out on
two area four machine power system over various perturbations shows that superior enhancement in
damping of power system oscillations has been obtained by utilizing proposed PSS-POD coordinated
controllers in comparison with the CPSS-POD.
Transient Stability Analysis with SSSC and UPFC in Multi-Machine Power System...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the transient stability performance of a power system with Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers like the Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), with and without Power System Stabilizers (PSS). It compares the effectiveness of a Generic PSS (GPSS) and Multi-Band PSS (MBPSS) at damping oscillations during and after faults. Simulation results on a IEEE three machine system in Matlab/Simulink show that the UPFC provides better transient stability than the SSSC. The MBPSS also proves more effective at damping oscillations than the GPSS.
Implementation of FC-TCR for Reactive Power ControlIOSR Journals
This document discusses the implementation of a Fixed Capacitor Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC-TCR) system for reactive power control. FC-TCR is a type of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) that can inject or absorb reactive power to control voltage. It consists of a fixed capacitor in parallel with a thyristor controlled reactor. The reactor current is controlled by varying the firing angle of thyristors, allowing both lagging and leading reactive power. MATLAB simulation results show that reactive power output from the FC-TCR increases as the reactor inductance increases while keeping the capacitor constant, demonstrating effective reactive power control.
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor with Automatic Controlijiert bestjournal
An increasingly competitive market where economic a nd environmental pressures limit their scope to expand transmission facilities.The optimiz ation of transmission corridors for power transfer has become a great importance. In this sce nario,the FACTS technology is an attractive option for increasing system operation flexibility [1],New developments in high-current,high- power electronics are making it possible to control electronically the power flows on the high voltage side of the network during both steady stat e and transient operation. In this paper a series controller from the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) family called as �Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor� (TCSC) is designed using PIC microcontroller. Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC),is the first generation of FACTS controller,can govern line impedance through introduction of a thy ristor controlled capacitor in series with the transmission line. A grid of transmission lines ope rating at high voltages is required to transmit power from generating stations to load. In addition to transmission lines that carry power from source to load,modern power systems are highly int erconnected for economic reasons.
The electricity supply industry is undergoing a profound transformation worldwide. Market forces, scarcer natural resources, and an ever-increasing demand for electricity are some of the drivers responsible for such unprecedented change. Against this background of rapid evolution, the expansion programs of many utilities are being thwarted by a variety of well-founded, environment, land-use, and regulatory pressures that prevent the licensing and building of new transmission lines and electricity generating plants.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Control of Active And reactive power flow in transmission line and power Osci...AM Publications
the continuous demand in electric power system network has caused the system to be heavily loaded
leading to voltage instability. This paper describe the active approach to series line compensation, in which static
voltage sourced converter, is used to provide controllable series compensation. This compensator is called as Static
synchronous series compensator (SSSC). It injects the compensating voltage in phase quadrature with line current, it
can emulate as inductive or capacitive reactance so as to influence the power flow in the line. With DC power supply it
can also compensate the voltage drop across the resistive component of the line impedance. In addition, the series
reactive compensation can greatly increase the power oscillation damping.
Simulations have been done in MATLAB SIMULINK. Simulation results obtained for selected bus-2 in two machine
power system. From the result we can investigate the effect of this device in controlling active and reactive power as
well as damping power system oscillations in transient mode.
This document discusses using a unified power flow controller (UPFC) controlled by a neural network proportional-integral (NN PI) controller to mitigate sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) in a series capacitive compensated power system. An IEEE second benchmark model is used to study SSR resulting from a three-phase fault. The UPFC with NN PI controller provides better damping of oscillations in generator speed, turbine speeds, and torques compared to an uncontrolled UPFC. This improves system stability and decreases the settling time, demonstrating the effectiveness of this control method at mitigating SSR.
1) The document discusses different control strategies for DSTATCOM (distribution static synchronous compensator), including Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) methods, to mitigate voltage sags and compensate reactive power.
2) It analyzes the SRF method, SRF without phase locked loop (PLL), and a modified SRF method through mathematical modeling and MATLAB simulation.
3) The comparison of results from the different control strategies indicates that SRF provides effective compensation of voltage sags and reactive power under steady state conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Keywords: AI, Containeres, Kubernetes, Cloud Native
Event Link: https://meine.doag.org/events/cloudland/2024/agenda/#agendaId.4211
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...GlobalLogic Ukraine
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
Discover the Unseen: Tailored Recommendation of Unwatched ContentScyllaDB
The session shares how JioCinema approaches ""watch discounting."" This capability ensures that if a user watched a certain amount of a show/movie, the platform no longer recommends that particular content to the user. Flawless operation of this feature promotes the discover of new content, improving the overall user experience.
JioCinema is an Indian over-the-top media streaming service owned by Viacom18.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
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Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during Migration
Gi3311211125
1. Asraf Ali / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1121-1125
1121 | P a g e
Development Of System With Transitory Steadiness Of A Bi-
Machine Transmission System With Power System Stabilizers
And Static Var Compensator
Asraf Ali
Abstract
In the previous studies the effect of Static
Var Compensator (SVC) and Power System
Stabilizers (PSS) has not been considered
specially for various faults in a three phase
system. For improvement in inductive and
capacitive power flows Shunt Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices can be
used and when they are placed in the center of
transmission line of a electrical power
transmission network. We made models with
different FACTS devices and also varied their
location for reducing fluctuations in voltage and
improvement in transient stability. We have
found that, shunt Static Var Compensator are
best, so we have continued our research using
shunt SVC. Again during our study we have
found that if we slightly change the position of
FACTS devices towards generator performance
of the system improves but it eventually depends
on load either local or of overall system. The
work described here illustrates modeling of a
simple transmission system containing two
hydraulic power plants. A static var compensator
(SVC) and power system stabilizers (PSS) are
used to improve transient stability and power
oscillation damping of the system. The power
system illustrated in this thesis is quite simple.
However, the phasor simulation method allows
the user to simulate more complex power grids.
We have used MATLAB for the study of the
system.
Key words: Var Compensator (SVC) and
Power System Stabilizers (PSS), Thyristor
Controlled Reactor (TCR), Three phase system.
I. INTRODUCTION
In modern age industrialization creates a
very dynamic, rapidly changing and complex need
of electrical power system with a quality to change
automatically according to the requirements. This
will definitely improves reliability as this system
will be less prone to failure and if the system
autocorrects itself accurately and quickly then this
system which incorporates generation, transmission,
distribution and consumption, can provide quality
power to the consumers. The FACTS devices are
used to change the quality of power delivered by all
the required changes required ie changing the
voltage, phase or impedance or all of them
simultaneously as and wherever required. These
devices also have advantage of fast response which
again not only improves stability of system but
enhanced steady state flow control also.
Static Var Compensator (SVC) is the
FACTS controller, which provides reactive
impedance compensation that’s too at very high
speed but only for finite length of time but this time
is sufficient enough to provide voltage support. Its
other advantages are minimization of power
fluctuations and reduction in losses
By using MATLAB/SIMULINK I have
shown here that Static Var Compensator (SVC)
provides reactive compensation dynamically for
voltage control fast acting dynamic reactive
compensation for voltage support during any sudden
change or any unseen event that may reduce voltage
quality for a significant time. Here we have modeled
various line faults and effect of SVC and PSS to
minimize voltage transient.
II. Introduction to Static Var
Compensator
The Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a
shunt device of the Flexible AC Transmission
Systems (FACTS) family using power electronics to
control power flow and improve transient stability
on power grids [1]. The SVC regulates voltage at its
terminals by controlling the amount of reactive
power injected into or absorbed from the power
system. When system voltage is low, the SVC
generates reactive power (SVC capacitive). When
system voltage is high, it absorbs reactive power
(SVC inductive). The variation of reactive power is
performed by switching three-phase capacitor banks
and inductor banks connected on the secondary side
of a coupling transformer. Each capacitor bank is
switched on and off by three thyristor switches
(Thyristor Switched Capacitor or TSC). Reactors are
either switched on-off (Thyristor Switched Reactor
or TSR) or phase-controlled (Thyristor Controlled
Reactor or TCR).
The figure 1shows a single-line diagram of a static
var compensator and a simplified block diagram of
its control system.
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Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1121-1125
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Figure1: Single-line Diagram of an SVC and Its
Control System Block Diagram
The control system consists of
A measurement system measuring the
positive-sequence voltage to be controlled.
A Fourier-based measurement system using
a one-cycle running average is used.
A voltage regulator that uses the voltage
error (difference between the measured
voltage Vm and the reference voltage Vref)
to determine the SVC susceptance B
needed to keep the system voltage constant
A distribution unit that determines the
TSCs (and eventually TSRs) that must be
switched in and out, and computes the
firing angle α of TCRs
A synchronizing system using a phase-
locked loop (PLL) synchronized on the
secondary voltages and a pulse generator
that send appropriate pulses to the thyristors
The SVC (Phasor Type) block is a phasor
model, and you must use it with the phasor
simulation method, activated with the Powergui
block. It can be used in three-phase power systems
together with synchronous generators, motors, and
dynamic loads to perform transient stability studies
and observe impact of the SVC on
electromechanical oscillations and transmission
capacity. This model does not include detailed
representations of the power electronics, the
measurement system, or the synchronization system.
These systems are approximated rather by simple
transfer functions that yield a correct representation
at the system's fundamental frequency.
III. Introduction to the Generic Power
System Stabilizer (PSS)
The Generic Power System Stabilizer (PSS)
block can be used to add damping to the rotor
oscillations of the synchronous machine by
controlling its excitation. The disturbances occurring
in a power system induce electromechanical
oscillations of the electrical generators. These
oscillations, also called power swings, must be
effectively damped to maintain the system stability.
The output signal of the PSS is used as an additional
input (vstab) to the Excitation System block. The
PSS input signal can be either the machine speed
deviation, dw, or its acceleration power, Pa = Pm -
Peo (difference between the mechanical power and
the electrical power).
The Generic Power System Stabilizer is
modeled by the following nonlinear system shown in
figure 2:
Figure 2: The Generic Power System Stabilizer
To ensure a robust damping, the PSS
should provide a moderate phase advance at
frequencies of interest in order to compensate for the
inherent lag between the field excitation and the
electrical torque induced by the PSS action.
The model consists of a low-pass filter, a general
gain, a washout high-pass filter, a phase-
compensation system, and an output limiter. The
general gain K determines the amount of damping
produced by the stabilizer. The washout high-pass
filter eliminates low frequencies that are present in
the dw signal and allows the PSS to respond only to
speed changes. The phase-compensation system is
represented by a cascade of two first-order lead-lag
transfer functions used to compensate the phase lag
between the excitation voltage and the electrical
torque of the synchronous machine.
IV. Introduction to Multiband Power
System Stabilizer
The disturbances occurring in a power
system induce electromechanical oscillations of the
electrical generators. These oscillations, also called
power swings, must be effectively damped to
maintain the system's stability. Electromechanical
oscillations can be classified in four main categories:
Local oscillations: between a unit and the rest of
the generating station and between the latter and
the rest of the power system. Their frequencies
typically range from 0.8 to 4.0 Hz.
Interplant oscillations: between two electrically
close generation plants. Frequencies can vary
from 1 to 2 Hz.
Interarea oscillations: between two major
groups of generation plants. Frequencies are
typically in a range of 0.2 to 0.8 Hz.
Global oscillation: characterized by a common
in-phase oscillation of all generators as found on
an isolated system. The frequency of such a
global mode is typically under 0.2 Hz.
The need for effective damping of such a
wide range, almost two decades, of
electromechanical oscillations motivated the concept
of the multiband power system stabilizer (MB-PSS).
As its name reveals, the MB-PSS structure
is based on multiple working bands. Three separate
bands are used, respectively dedicated to the low-,
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intermediate-, and high-frequency modes of
oscillations: the low band is typically associated
with the power system global mode, the intermediate
with the interarea modes, and the high with the local
modes.
Each of the three bands is made of a
differential bandpass filter, a gain, and a limiter (see
the figure 3 which is Conceptual Representation).
The outputs of the three bands are summed and
passed through a final limiter producing the
stabilizer output Vstab. This signal then modulates the
set point of the generator voltage regulator so as to
improve the damping of the electromechanical
oscillations.
To ensure robust damping, the MB-PSS
should include a moderate phase advance at all
frequencies of interest to compensate for the
inherent lag between the field excitation and the
electrical torque induced by the MB-PSS action.
Figure 3: Conceptual Representation
Results & Discussion
Circuit Description:
A 1000 MW hydraulic generation plant
(machine M1) is connected to a load center through
a long 500 kV, 700 km transmission line. The load
center is modelled by a 5000 MW resistive load .
The load is fed by the remote 1000 MW plant and a
local generation of 5000 MW (machine M2). The
system has been initialized so that the line carries
950 MW which is close to its surge impedance
loading (SIL = 977 MW) . In order to maintain
system stabilty after faults, the transmission line is
shunt compensated at its center by a 200-Mvar Static
Var Compenstor (SVC). Notice that this SVC model
is a phasor model valid only for transient stabilty
solution. The SVC does not have a Power
Oscillation Dampling (POD) unit. The two machines
are equiped with a Hydraulic Turbine and Governor
(HTG), Excitation system and Power System
Stabilizer (PSS). These blocks are located in the two
'Turbine and Regulator' subsystems.Two types of
stabilizers can be selected : a generic model using
the acceleration power (Pa= difference between
mechanical power Pm and output electrical power
Peo) and a Multi-band stabilizer using the speed
deviation (dw). The stabilizer type can be selected
by specifying a value (0=No PSS 1=Pa PSS or 2=
dw MB PSS) in the PSS constant block. During this
Demo you will apply faults on the 500 kV system
and observe the impact of the PSS and SVC on
system stability.
V. Fault effect in Three-phase SVC - two
PSS system
we will now apply a 3-phase fault and
observe the impact of the SVC for stabilizing the
network during a severe contingency. Put the two
PSS (Pa type) in service (value=1 in the PSS
constant block. Reprogram the 'Fault Breaker' block
in order to apply a 3-phase-to-ground fault. Verify
that the SVC is in fixed susceptance mode with Bref
= 0. Start the simulation. By looking at the
d_theta1_2 signal, you should observe that the two
machines quickly fall out of synchronism after fault
clearing. In order not to pursue unnecessary
simulation, the Simulink 'Stop' block is used to stop
the simulation when the angle difference reaches
3*360degrees. Now open the SVC block menu and
change the SVC mode of operation to 'Voltage
regulation'. The SVC will now try to support the
voltage by injecting reactive power on the line when
the voltage is lower than the reference voltage
(1.009 pu). The chosen SVC reference voltage
corresponds to the bus voltage with the SVC out of
service. In steady state the SVC will therefore be
'floating' and waiting for voltage compensation when
voltage departs from its reference set point.
Figure 4: Two machine SVC/PSS subsystem
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(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1121-1125
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Figure 5: Mechanical Parts of a 3 phase synchronous
motor
Figure 6: 2 machine SVC/PSS turbine regulator
subsystem
Figure 7: Comparison of results of a 6 cycle 3 phase
fault when PSS in service
In this work, the efficiency of shunt FACTS
devices such as SVC was studied for improvement
of the transient stability of a sample two-machine
power system with different studies and
investigation. The response of SVC to transients due
to various faults in the three phase to ground error
were investigated.
VI. Conclusion
The work described in this work illustrates
modeling of a simple transmission system containing
two hydraulic power plants. A static var
compensator (SVC) and power system stabilizers
(PSS) are used to improve transient stability and
power oscillation damping of the system. The power
system illustrated in this work is quite simple.
However, the phasor simulation method allows the
user to simulate more complex power grids. The
results depict that a system has been developed
successfully for the stability of transients in a bi-
machine transmission system wit PSS and SVC.
References
[1] P. Kundur, Power System Stability and
Control. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
[2] Journal of Electrical Systems Science and
Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-8,2008.
[3] N. G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, Understanding
FACTS: Concepts and Technology of
Flexible AC Transmission Sidhartha Panda
and N.P.Padhy, “Robust power system
stabilizer design using particle swarm
optimization technique”, International
Systems, IEEE Press, New York, 2000.
[4] Y. H Song, T. A. Johns, Flexible AC
Transmission Systems (FACTS), IEE,
London, 2000.
[5] R. M Mathur, R. K. Verma, Thyristor-based
FACTS Controllers for Electrical
Transmission Systems, IEEE Press,
Piscataway, 2002.
[6] L. Gyugyi, “Reactive power generation and
control by thyristor circuits” IEEE Trans.
Industrial Applications, Vol. IA-15, No.-5,
pp.521-532, Sept./Oct. 1979.
[7] L. Gyugyi, “Power electronics in electric
utilities: static var compensators,” IEEE
Proceedings, vol.76, No. 4, pp. 483-494,
April 1988.
[8] Acha, E., V.G. Agelidis, O. Anaya-Lara
and T.J.E. Miller, 2002. Power Electronic
Control in Electrical Systems, Newnes
Power. Engineering Series.
Authors:
ASRAF ALI is M. Tech stdent in
Electronics engineering
department at AL-FALAH school
of engg. And technology Dhauj ,
Faridabad Haryana. His research
interests include F.A.C.T system, control system and
instrumentation Engg.
5. Asraf Ali / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
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Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1121-1125
1125 | P a g e
AZIZ AHMAD received his
B.Tech degree in Electrical Engg.
And the M.E. degree in Control and
instrumentation Engg. And now
pursuing the Ph.D. degree in
control system from Jamia University NEW Delhi.
He is having the 14 years teaching experience. He is
working as a Professor and Head of Electrical and
Electronics engineering department at AL-FALAH
school of engg. And technology Dhauj , Faridabad
Haryana. His research interests include F.A.C.T
system, control system and instrumentation engg.
MUHAMMAD SHAHID received
his B.E. in Electrical Engineering
1995 Jamia Millia Islamia New
Delhi & now pursuing M.Tech.
degree in Electrical Engineering
with specialization in Power System from Maharshi
Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana), India, in
2012. . He has a 14 yrs industrial experience & 2
years teaching experience.