Over 1.6 million people died globally in 2017 from harmful exposure to PM2.5 emissions from household use of solid fuels such as wood, coal, charcoal, and agricultural residues for cooking according to estimates by the Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017) Project.
Presentation by Lori Bird, World Resources Institute
EUCI Conference "Utility Green Tariffs A – Z: Keys to Structuring Long-Term Renewable Contracts Directly with Utilities"
Denver, Colorado
September 13, 2019
Forest sector solutions such as conservation, restoration, and improved management of forests can help countries cost-effectively deliver up to a third of GHG emission mitigation needed by 2030 to keep temperature increases below 2°C.
This webinar highlights cost-effective solutions in forest conservation, restoration and management that can be included in national climate plans for large-scale reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and removal of carbon from the atmosphere.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/04/webinar-enhancing-ndcs-opportunities-forest-and-land-use
Increasing Access to sustainable and Renewable Energy Alternatives in the Alb...Dr. Joshua Zake
A presentation made during the national inception workshop for key stakeholders in the renewable energy sector, during which the project on access to clean energy titled, ' Increasing Access to sustainable and Renewable Energy Alternatives in the Albertine Graben Project,' was introduced.
Leading policy, industry, and technical experts highlight renewable natural gas as a climate strategy and current experience, trends, and opportunities in U.S. states and regions.
Presentation by Lori Bird, World Resources Institute
EUCI Conference "Utility Green Tariffs A – Z: Keys to Structuring Long-Term Renewable Contracts Directly with Utilities"
Denver, Colorado
September 13, 2019
Forest sector solutions such as conservation, restoration, and improved management of forests can help countries cost-effectively deliver up to a third of GHG emission mitigation needed by 2030 to keep temperature increases below 2°C.
This webinar highlights cost-effective solutions in forest conservation, restoration and management that can be included in national climate plans for large-scale reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and removal of carbon from the atmosphere.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/04/webinar-enhancing-ndcs-opportunities-forest-and-land-use
Increasing Access to sustainable and Renewable Energy Alternatives in the Alb...Dr. Joshua Zake
A presentation made during the national inception workshop for key stakeholders in the renewable energy sector, during which the project on access to clean energy titled, ' Increasing Access to sustainable and Renewable Energy Alternatives in the Albertine Graben Project,' was introduced.
Leading policy, industry, and technical experts highlight renewable natural gas as a climate strategy and current experience, trends, and opportunities in U.S. states and regions.
The goals of the Paris Agreement cannot be met without transformative changes in the agriculture sector.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/04/webinar-enhancing-ndcs-agriculture-sector
Many large-scale energy customers, from local governments to corporations, have set ambitious clean energy goals. Utility investments in renewables in the overall generation mix are important to achieving them. But there can be a number of barriers to the inclusion of solar and other renewables in utility long-term planning, including cost and technology assumptions, modeling approaches and scenario development. Large-scale energy customers and utilities have an opportunity and are increasingly taking action to update practices and address these barriers.
This presentation highlights ways that solar energy is currently considered and can be improved in utility long-term planning, and how customers are engaging in these plans to advance their clean energy goals.
Presented by Heidi Bishop Ratz and Lori Bird, on behalf of the Special Clean Power Council (CPC). The CPC was established as a two-year effort between select U.S. electric utilities covering 33 states and their large-scale corporate customers to drive innovation in the decarbonization of the utility sector. Members work collaboratively on mutually beneficial solutions that can be embraced by state regulators and policymakers. From these efforts, the CPC has focused on identifying regional best practices for simplifying access to low-cost, clean energy options while conveying overall grid benefits, including alignment on utility asset planning.
Presentation by Lori Bird, World Resources Institute
Renewable Energy Markets
September 5, 2019
Session: Strategies for Achieving 100% Community-Wide RE Goals
Track: COMMUNITY & RESIDENTIAL
Description: Recently, more than 100 cities have established community-wide renewable energy goals. Session speakers explored how leading cities are taking action to meet aggressive community-wide renewable energy goals and the role of utility solutions in meeting their goals. Presenters explored procurement strategies, innovations, and key challenges.
https://www.renewableenergymarkets.com/rem2019
Using a set of relevant criteria to evaluate the progress top companies in the delivery service industry are making to become environmentally sustainable and determining which company should be considered "Most Improved" in terms of progress toward sustainability over the past decade.
Presentation on draft target validation criteria for financial institutions to align their investment and lending activities with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/02/workshop-science-based-target-setting-financial
This deck examines existing clean energy goals that impact utility integrated resource planning. Presented by Heidi Ratz (Manager, U.S. Electricity Markets, WRI) at EUCI's Integrated Resource Planning Summit (September 2020)
Promoting Sustainable Biomass Energy Production and Modern Bio-Energy Technol...Janathakshan Gte Ltd
Presentation by Mr. Sampath Ranasinghe
National Project Manager – FAO – UNDP Joint Project on Sustainable Biomass Energy
Technical Session 01: Climate Change Mitigation
Experience Sharing Forum on Climate Smart Initiatives of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Next – A blue Green Era – Conference and Exhibition 2017
16 – 17 October 2017, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka
WRI's renewable energy team drives alignment and investment in electricity markets to deliver on consumer demand for an affordable transition to clean energy.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/clean-energy/what-we-do
Presentation slides from the April 9, 2020 webinar featuring state and private sector leaders discuss shovel-ready infrastructure opportunities that can create jobs and stimulate economic growth in the short-term in the U.S.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/04/webinar-build-back-better-shaping-us-stimulus-package
John Young, Head of Policy at SSE Airtricity, delivers a presentation on Offshore Wind Enablers and lessons from the GB experience. (Presentation delivered at the inaugural National Energy Research and Policy Conference in Dublin, Nov 2019)
National Workshop on Standards and Testing of Cookstoves in Nepal
25 July 2013, Hotel Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal
Policy session
Presenter: Karuna Bajracharya, National adviser
Alternative Energy Promotion Centre
Arusha | Jun-14 | Ewan Bloomfield, Village Level Energy Access in East AfricaSmart Villages
The workshop in Arusha explored the East African/Tanzanian environment for village energy, local case studies, challenges and opportunities, with a view to formulating policy recommendations for policymakers, funders, NGOs and other stakeholders the region. An important part of the workshop, and indeed the whole Smart Villages initiative work programme, was to gather evidence from existing projects that have provided or facilitated sustainable off-grid energy solutions in the developing world.The workshop gathered more than 50 experts, including policymakers, NGOs, off-grid energy entrepreneurs and others to look for solutions to providing energy to villages off the grid.
The goals of the Paris Agreement cannot be met without transformative changes in the agriculture sector.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/04/webinar-enhancing-ndcs-agriculture-sector
Many large-scale energy customers, from local governments to corporations, have set ambitious clean energy goals. Utility investments in renewables in the overall generation mix are important to achieving them. But there can be a number of barriers to the inclusion of solar and other renewables in utility long-term planning, including cost and technology assumptions, modeling approaches and scenario development. Large-scale energy customers and utilities have an opportunity and are increasingly taking action to update practices and address these barriers.
This presentation highlights ways that solar energy is currently considered and can be improved in utility long-term planning, and how customers are engaging in these plans to advance their clean energy goals.
Presented by Heidi Bishop Ratz and Lori Bird, on behalf of the Special Clean Power Council (CPC). The CPC was established as a two-year effort between select U.S. electric utilities covering 33 states and their large-scale corporate customers to drive innovation in the decarbonization of the utility sector. Members work collaboratively on mutually beneficial solutions that can be embraced by state regulators and policymakers. From these efforts, the CPC has focused on identifying regional best practices for simplifying access to low-cost, clean energy options while conveying overall grid benefits, including alignment on utility asset planning.
Presentation by Lori Bird, World Resources Institute
Renewable Energy Markets
September 5, 2019
Session: Strategies for Achieving 100% Community-Wide RE Goals
Track: COMMUNITY & RESIDENTIAL
Description: Recently, more than 100 cities have established community-wide renewable energy goals. Session speakers explored how leading cities are taking action to meet aggressive community-wide renewable energy goals and the role of utility solutions in meeting their goals. Presenters explored procurement strategies, innovations, and key challenges.
https://www.renewableenergymarkets.com/rem2019
Using a set of relevant criteria to evaluate the progress top companies in the delivery service industry are making to become environmentally sustainable and determining which company should be considered "Most Improved" in terms of progress toward sustainability over the past decade.
Presentation on draft target validation criteria for financial institutions to align their investment and lending activities with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/02/workshop-science-based-target-setting-financial
This deck examines existing clean energy goals that impact utility integrated resource planning. Presented by Heidi Ratz (Manager, U.S. Electricity Markets, WRI) at EUCI's Integrated Resource Planning Summit (September 2020)
Promoting Sustainable Biomass Energy Production and Modern Bio-Energy Technol...Janathakshan Gte Ltd
Presentation by Mr. Sampath Ranasinghe
National Project Manager – FAO – UNDP Joint Project on Sustainable Biomass Energy
Technical Session 01: Climate Change Mitigation
Experience Sharing Forum on Climate Smart Initiatives of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Next – A blue Green Era – Conference and Exhibition 2017
16 – 17 October 2017, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka
WRI's renewable energy team drives alignment and investment in electricity markets to deliver on consumer demand for an affordable transition to clean energy.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/clean-energy/what-we-do
Presentation slides from the April 9, 2020 webinar featuring state and private sector leaders discuss shovel-ready infrastructure opportunities that can create jobs and stimulate economic growth in the short-term in the U.S.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/04/webinar-build-back-better-shaping-us-stimulus-package
John Young, Head of Policy at SSE Airtricity, delivers a presentation on Offshore Wind Enablers and lessons from the GB experience. (Presentation delivered at the inaugural National Energy Research and Policy Conference in Dublin, Nov 2019)
National Workshop on Standards and Testing of Cookstoves in Nepal
25 July 2013, Hotel Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal
Policy session
Presenter: Karuna Bajracharya, National adviser
Alternative Energy Promotion Centre
Arusha | Jun-14 | Ewan Bloomfield, Village Level Energy Access in East AfricaSmart Villages
The workshop in Arusha explored the East African/Tanzanian environment for village energy, local case studies, challenges and opportunities, with a view to formulating policy recommendations for policymakers, funders, NGOs and other stakeholders the region. An important part of the workshop, and indeed the whole Smart Villages initiative work programme, was to gather evidence from existing projects that have provided or facilitated sustainable off-grid energy solutions in the developing world.The workshop gathered more than 50 experts, including policymakers, NGOs, off-grid energy entrepreneurs and others to look for solutions to providing energy to villages off the grid.
Gas Networks Ireland presentation from the IREC conference on Renewable Gas: Unique Heat & De-carbonisation Opportunity for Ireland.
Gas has a key part to play in helping Ireland meet it's climate change targets through;
• More efficient use of the existing gas networks
• The deployment of more innovate technologies
• Facilitating and supporting an indigenous renewable gas industry
IFA Briefing on Sectoral Emission Ceilings.pptxIrishFarmers
IFA held an online briefing on Wednesday evening, 3rd August 2022 at 8pm, to update members on the Government’s decision on sectoral emissions ceilings and its potential implications for Irish farmers.
This presentation prepared by
Lucy Hopwood, NNFCC's Lead Consultant for Bioenergy & Anaerobic Digestion provides an introduction to the Anaerobic Digestion Market in the UK
World Bioenergy Association initiative to develop fossil fuel exit strategy a...Oleksandra Tryboi
Presentation of the President of World Bioenergy Association Remigijus Lapinskas at the 12th International Conference "BIOMASS FOR ENERGY" on 20 September 2016.
In Ghana, the prevalence of onsite sanitation is more than 85%. This means that when the receptacles containing the faecal sludge are full they have to be collected and treated before discharging into the environment. Unfortunately, there are very few treatment plants available in the country and fecal sludge is mostly dumped into water bodies, drains, trenches, farms, bushes, and other unauthorized places.
Urban sanitation coverage in Ghana like in many other developing countries is low with only 25% of the people with access to basic sanitation (improved, non-shared sanitation) (Appiah-Effah et al., 2019). Already, poor urban sanitation is strongly linked to increased disease burdens and associated cost (Berendes et al., 2018; Prüss-Ustün et al., 2019).
The Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA) is suffering from a major urban infrastructure gap. The region’s increasing economic growth has triggered rapid urbanization, characterized by expansion of built-up environment – roads, parking lots, and other structures with impervious surfaces that do not allow water to infiltrate easily so as to replenish the water table.
The economic growth literature suggests that the volume of infrastructure stock as well as its quality positively and impacts economic growth by, among others, decreasing the cost of production and transportation of goods and services, improving the productivity of input factors, and creating indirect positive externalities.
Poverty remains a problem. There is an overall reduction in national poverty over the last 3 decades, but this masks the persistent spatial concentration of poverty and high inequality.
Poverty remains a problem in Ghana. There is an overall reduction in national poverty over the last 3 decades, but this masks the persistent spatial concentration of poverty and high inequality.
Integration of the youth (15- to 34-year-olds) in Ghana, who represents 35 percent of the population, into full and productive employment can be an important driver for growth and sustained development. The inability to improve labor productivity in the country continues to limit the performance of firms and enterprises across different economic sectors.
Although the free senior high school (SHS) policy has greatly increased enrolment, it has led to a mismatch in the demand for secondary education and the available educational infrastructure. The double-track system was introduced to circumvent this hurdle.
Ghana has made great strides in education enrolment in the MDG and SDG era, with near universal primary school enrolment and equality between boys and girls (World Bank, 2019).
TB is responsible for around 5 percent of total deaths in Ghana annually, and the decline in TB burden is markedly slow, with an average 2.5 percent reduction in TB incidence year on year (GTB 2018).
With a population of nearly 30 million people, WHO estimates that approximately 13% of the population in Ghana suffer from a mental disorder, of which 3% suffer from a severe mental disorder and the other 10% suffer from a moderate to mild mental disorder (WHO, 2007).
Over the last three decades, Ghana has invested large amounts of effort in implementing various strategies to reduce maternal and child mortality in the country.
According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), malaria represents the largest cause of death and morbidity in the country as measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (IHME, 2019). In 2017, the disease was responsible for around 19,000 deaths, almost as much as the combined death toll from HIV/AIDs and tuberculosis (IHME, 2019).
The health status of Ghanaians has evolved over time, from predominant inflictions from infectious diseases and negative maternal and child health outcomes that prevailed at the time of independence in the late 1950s, to the addition of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes, cancers, etc. that prevail in present times.
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Black Magic Specialist Expert In Sahiwal, Okara, Hafizabad, Mandi Bah...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
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Ghana Priorities: LPG Cooking
1. EminentPanelConference,Accra,August7th -9th,2020
Increasing the use of clean cooking fuels in
Ghana: A cost benefit analysis of three
interventions
Dr Maxwell Dalaba: Research Fellow( Navrongo Health Research
Centre, Ghana; University Of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho,Ghana).
Dr Bjorn Larson and Dr Brad Wong: Copenhagen Consensus
2. This is why my topic is important
• Exposure to smoke from solid fuels or inefficient fuels caused nearly 4 million premature
deaths each year in developing countries, including 18,000 deaths in Ghana every year
(WHO,2018).
• Exposure to smoke from cooking contributes to a range of chronic illnesses and acute health
impacts such as early childhood pneumonia, cataracts, lung cancer, bronchitis, cardiovascular
disease, and low birth weight .
• Women and young children are the most affected, with more than 2,200 children in Ghana
dying every year as a result of acute lower respiratory infections caused by the use of solid
fuels (WHO,2018).
• There is therefore the need to promote clean cooking methods to improve health and the
environment.
3. More about the current state
• According to the Ghana MHS 2017 survey, 78% of the population in Ghana use solid fuels for
cooking, consisting of 45% wood and 33% charcoal, while 22% use gas (LPG) and some
electricity.
• The use of LPG is concentrated in urban areas with only 15% of LPG users residing in rural
areas.
• In rural areas, 74% of the population use wood as primary cooking fuel, while 18% use
charcoal. Thus 83% of wood users and 28% of charcoal users reside in rural areas.
• Rural Ghanaian households spend nearly 1.4 million hours or 680 thousand full time work-
years on fuelwood collection.
• Therefore increased access to improved cookstoves and LPG has the potential to improve
health and improve economic gains
4. Interventions analyzed
I. Promotion of improved fuelwood and charcoal cookstoves.
II. Expanded distribution of LPG in rural areas
III. Elimination of taxes on LPG fuel for cooking.
5. Intervention I: Promotion of improved
fuelwood and charcoal cookstoves
Traditional 3 stone stove Traditional Charcoal
stove
Improved Gyapa wood
stove
6. Overview of the intervention
• The use of inefficient biomass stoves for cooking leads to health consequences. It is
therefore important to promote improved, efficient biomass stoves in order to reduce
the burden of HAP as well as reduce biomass consumption and monetary expenditure
and collection time.
• The proposed improved biomass cookstove is the Gyapa wood and charcoal stoves.
• The Gyapa stoves cooks food more quickly than traditional cookstoves, requires 50-60%
less fuel and produces less smoky fumes compared to the traditional methods of
cooking. The stove can be manufactured in Ghana.
• At least two Gyapa stoves are needed for households to minimize the continued use of
their traditional stoves.
• This adds to the initial cost but provides substantial increased benefits.
7. Costs
Cost GHS
Cost of stove 178
Stove O&M 21
Promotion program 260
Total costs 459
Cost of Gyapa per household (GHS)
• Gyapa stove (2 stoves per household): GHc40 per stove ( US$20 with exchange rate of
US$1=GHC5).
• Stove maintenance cost per year: 5% of stove cost
• Stove promotion program: US$ 34(GHc6.8) per household per year.
• Useful life of Gyapa stove: 3 years
• Discount rate of costing: 8%
• Time horizon: 10 years
8. Benefits
• Health improvements (DALYs):Valued at 1.3 times GDP per capita in 2020.
• Valued cooking time savings: 20 minutes per day for improved wood fuel Gyapa(300-400 cedi
per household in a year)
• and 15 minutes per day improved charcoal Gyapa (200-300 GHS per household in a year)
• Biomass fuel savings: 40% for improved fuelwood Gyapa and 30% for improved charcoal
Gyapa
• A value of time: 50% of wage rate
Benefit Improved
wood stove
(Rural)
Improved wood
stove
(urban)
Improved
charcoal stove
(rural)
Improved
charcoal
stove (urban)
Health benefits
1,456 1,374 703 747
Cooking time savings
1,688 2,578 1,266 1,933
Fuel savings 1,013 2,173 696 1,024
Total benefits 4,156 6,125 2,665 3,705
Benefits per household (GHS per household)
9. BCR
•If 10% of all current users of
charcoal and wood switch to
improved stoves (565,000
households), 190 deaths would be
avoided per year in the medium run.
•The estimated BCRs for improved
cookstove promotion are between 6
and 13.
...... meaning benefits are between
GHS 6 and 13 for every GHS 1 spent
GHS
Improved wood cookstove (rural)
Total benefits 4,156
Total costs 459
BCR 9.1
Improved wood cookstove (urban)
Total benefits 6,125
Total costs 459
BCR 13.3
Improved charcoal cookstove
(rural)
Total benefits 2,665
Total costs 459
BCR 5.8
Improved charcoal cookstove
(urban)
Total benefits 3,705
Total costs 459
BCR 8.1
11. Overview of the intervention
• One of the causes of low usage of LPG, particularly in the rural areas is price of LPG and
poor access to LPG (Asante et al. 2018, Dalaba et al, 2018).
• All or almost all of the LPG refilling stations are clustered in and near urban areas.
• Intervention:
- A cylinder recirculation program replaces current system of individual ownership of
cylinders
- Motor-king (motorcycle with smaller trailer) distribution network from refilling stations
to village retail outlets.
- The intervention proposed would build on existing refilling stations and not replacing
them
12. Costs and access:
Disaggregated Cost (
pop) Within 15 km
Within 15-25km
Initial capital cost
Additional cylinders 222,213 255,340
Sensitization of retailers 12,556 14,230
Motorkings 24,889 38,133
Station inspection 2,939 5,103
Recurrent annual cost
Motorking maintenance 2,489 3,813
Motorking fuel cost 14,282 21,881
Station inspection 197 303
Motorking drivers 23,696 36,304
Expand reach of LPG from 15km to 25km
around urban centers
• Makes LPG effectively 28% cheaper for
those within 15km -> extra 70,000
households take up LPG
• Increases access of rural population for
those 15-25km away -> extra 380,000
households take up LPG
Largest up front costs are new cylinders; largest recurrent are for motorking drivers
Within 15km
Within 15km
15-25km away
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Current System Cylinder recirculation
LPG
users
in
rural
areas
Users of LPG in rural areas
by distance to refilling station
13. Because the intervention will cause so many people to start
using LPG, the biggest cost from a societal perspective is fuel
• Implementing a rural distribution model enabled by
cylinder recirculation would mean 448,000 households
would adopt the use of LPG in rural areas, thus
increasing the percentage of the rural population using
LPG from 6 to 17%.
• Over 10 years, even after accounting for
discontinuation, the largest cost by far would be fuel
(1400m GHS) -> mostly paid by consumers.
• LPG stove, maintenance and other costs are 227m GHS
over 10 years
• Distribution network is estimated to cost ~234m GHS
over 10 years.
On the next page these figures are presented on a per
HH level
LPG fuel
LPG stove and
other uptake
costs
Distribution
network
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
Millions
10 year costs of LPG recirculation
intervention
14. Benefits and BCR
Benefits of switching to LPG for new rural users (GHS per household)
Switching from
fuelwood
Switching from
charcoal
Health benefits 2,476 1,040
Cooking time savings 3,375 3,375
Fuel savings 2,531 2,320
Total benefits 8,383 6,734
Interventions Benefit Cost BCR
Expanded distribution of LPG in
rural areas
New users of LPG
(switching from wood)
8,383 4,848 1.7
New users of LPG
(switching from charcoal)
6,734 3,625 1.9
Current users of LPG 2,177 347 6.3
New and current users of LPG 4,926 2,328 2.1
BCR (GHS per household)
• The intervention would give 3.5m rural
households access to LPG within their
communities, thus 448,000 households
would adopt the use of LPG in rural areas
and would increase the percentage of the
rural population using LPG from 6 to 17%.
• This would reduce deaths from HAP by 180
per year, with more benefits going to
current fuel wood users .
• 40 min time savings per day for both
current fuelwood and charcoal stove users
• 30 min collection savings for fuel wood
users; savings in charcoal usage of GHS
0.77/kg.
• Current users of LPG save time and vehicle
costs from accessing LPG
The BCR of this intervention is 2.1.
16. Overview of the intervention
• LPG used to be subsidized by government, but in recent times, as at July
2019, there has been a 23% tax on LPG.
• This increase in the price of LPG, in part caused by the tax, is making some
households cut LPG consumption and increase the use of solid fuels for
cooking.
• The intervention analyzed is elimination of LPG fuel tax increase of LPG in
Ghana
17. Cost, Benefits and BCR
Response to tax removal Benefit Cost BCR
LPG from fuelwood Rural 11,084 7,549 1.5
Urban
15,626 6,997 2.2
Total
14,854 7,091 2.1
LPG from charcoal Rural 9,435 6,336 1.5
Urban 12,374 6,275 2.0
Total 11,875 6,283 1.9
LPG (from wood and
charcoal)
Total
12,471 6,445 1.9
• Same costs for stove, promotion as in previous analysis
• Same improved health, cooking time savings and fuels savings as in previous
analyses
• Included GHS 2700 per HH cost and benefit of tax transfer over 10 years
Cost, Benefits and BCR per household (GHS)
• Eliminating the 23% VAT on LPG
would lead to 391,000 urban
households and 80,000 rural
households switching to LPG
due to the lower cost of fuel.
• This would reduce deaths by
193 per year in the medium run
while delivering significant time
and fuel savings.
• Households which currently use
LPG, would also enjoy the
benefit of reduced fuel costs.
• However, elimination of the tax
would cost the government
1.3bn GHS in lost revenue over
10 years
• The BCR of this intervention is
1.9
18. Conclusion
• While the BCRs for promotion of improved charcoal and fuelwood cookstoves are several
times larger than for the interventions for expanded use of LPG and LPG tax removal
• The health impact of using LPG is roughly 50% larger than the health impact of improved
cookstoves.
• However, improved biomass cookstoves can serve as an intermediate solution for
households that elect to do so
19. SUMMARY BCR TABLE
INTERVENTION Benefit Cost BCR
1a Promotion of improved wood stove Rural 4,156 459 9.1
1b Promotion of improved wood stove Urban
6125 459 13.3
1c Promotion of improved charcoal stove Rural
2665 459 5.8
1d Promotion of improved charcoal stove Urban
3705 459 8.1
Expanded distribution of LPG in rural areas Rural
4,926 2,328 2.1
2a Current users of LPG Rural 2177 347 6.3
2b New Users of LPG Rural 7064 3869 1.8
Elimination on taxes on LPG for cooking
3a Excluding Tax transfer National 9770 3744 2.6
3b Including Tax transfer National 12471 6445 1.9