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George Floyd: Black lives matter, peaceful protests and black history
‘’Ido notbelieve in the law of hate.I may not be trueto my idealsalwayshoweverIbelieve in the law
of love. I believe you can do nothing with hatred.Iwould like to see a time when we forgeta person’s
colour or creed. We will never be civilised until that time comes.’’ Clarence Darrow.
When we unite together, we can win.
In relation to George Floyd’s death I have spent the past few days educating myself on Black lives
matterand black history inAmerica.I have mostlylearnedinthese timesit’snotenough tobe a non
- racist (youare not a racist person) we needto be anti-racisttoo (challenge racismwhere yousee it
happening). Anti-racism is needed to challenge systems and acts of injustice. Anti-racism includes
beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism much like we are
seeing in protests for justice for George Floyd’s death at the hands of excessive police violence. It is
made a lotof us askourselves whywe allow blackcommunitiesto continuingly be attacked viaracists
words and acts of violence especially at the hands of those who are here to protect us.
It is important to note not all white police officers use excessive force against black persons or are
racistswhichhas beenevidentseeinga lotof white policeofficersmarchingalongsidethe protesters
at George Floydprotests.However,itisimportantto note there are racist police officerswhodouse
excessiveforce andtheyneedtobe heldtoaccount which iswhatGeorge Floydprotestersare trying
to do. More police and communityrelationsare needed inorderto protect black communitiesfrom
acts of prejudice. One thing I have learned is black communities have been victims of racial
discriminationall throughtheirhistoryandevidentlyitisstillhappeningtoday andnotjustfromwhite
police officers it’swhite membersof the publictoo.We can no longerallow itto happen. In orderto
protectourfuture generations, weneedtochallenge racialdiscriminationeverywhere weseeit. Black
communities much like all ethnic communities lead two lives. How they see themselves and how
society sees and treats them.
It isinspiringtoseepeacefulprotests,all communitiesacrossourworld,everyone joiningtogetherfor
black lives matter. When we unite together, we can win. I’m joining in solidarity with them too.
Here is whatsome of my readingwasbasedon. I have chosento focuson Black livesmatter, slavery,
Rosa Parks, EmmettHill,MartinLutherKingJr, TrayvonMartin and George Floyd – timeswhere black
citizens have been raciallyoppressed.Americahasachieveda lot of positives andlandmarkchanges
intheirhistory. However, itisvital torememberGeorge Floydcomesfromalongline of blackcitizens
insocietywhohave facedracial discriminationandexcessiveviolence whichiswhatIamfocusingon.
Black lives matter
Blacklive matterwasfoundedafterthe unprovokeddeathof unarmedblackteenagerTrayvonMartin
in 2013. Theiraim is to buildlocal powerto intervene onviolence inflictedonblackcommunitiesvia
the state. They are building a world free of anti-blackness where every black person has the social,
economic and political power to thrive in society. They embody and practice justice, liberation and
peace in their engagements with one another. They are working for a world where black lives are
systematicallytargetedfordemise. Alllivesmaymatterhoweverblacklivesmattermore now asthey
are beingattacked. All black livesmatterand are strivingfor liberation.Theyare fightingfora world
where they want their future generations to not just live however to thrive as equals to all. They do
not wantanyone to face discriminationintheirlivesdue tothe colourof theirskin. All blackcitizen’s
need to be given a fair chance at life.
Trayvon Martin’s death in 2013 and now George Floyd’s death have movedblack and a lot of other
communities including white communities into action. For over 400 years black communities have
been fighting for their freedom. They have fought against slavery, racial violence, apartheid,
segregation and for their civil rights. Even now today they are fighting for their lives. They deserve
more thenwhattheyhave beengivenandmore importantlytheydeservetobe free from all formsof
oppression. Itiswhyvotingisso vital.Votingforthose whoshare theirvision,make adifferenceand
want to helptheircommunitiesthrive andkeepthemsafe from effectsof systematicracism. Today
Blacklivesmatterare mobalisingandprotestinginternationallynotonlyforGeorge Floydhoweverfor
all those who have died at the hands of police excessive violence and racism. They are giving the
victimsa voice.Theyare takingaction.Thingsmustchange now historycannot keeprepeatingitself.
Learn more here: https://blacklivesmatter.com/
Slavery
Slaveryiswhere most black racism began. Whenslaveryhappenedin Americablackslaveswere not
seenas or treatedas human.They were seenasobjects,commodities tobe soldand workas a slave
forwhite communitiesforthe majorityof theirlives.A lotof Americawasbuiltonslavery.Slaveswere
separated from their families. They were exploited and oppressed. They were not free they were
dehumanisedinthepressandseenasbeinginferiortowhites.Theyfacedalotof racial discrimination.
They faced a lot of unprovoked violence and a lot died at the hands of violent racism. They did not
have a voice until resistancegroupsbothwhiteandblackstartedusingtheirvoicestoappeal forblack
slaves to be free and equal to all. All black slaves deserved to be set free.
No one is born withhate or racism it is taught and a productof our history.Duringslavery (and with
apartheid) blackancestorswererobbedof liberty,of anopportunitytogainwealth,aneducationand
basic dignity. Slavery ended because of protest and resistance gaining momentum from both black
and white communities. Protests work especially peaceful protests. When slavery ended, although
black slaves were free from slavery and free to live a free life, they still faced systematic racism,
violence and segregation. White communities and authorities’ racist views and their fear of black
persons were notgoingtochange overnightastheirprejudiceshave beeningrainedintheirminds for
years, decades, centuries.
Black communities in today’s world may not be slaves now however they are still facing racism and
violence.George Floyd diedwhilstawhite policeofficerplacedakneeforciblyonhis neckandrefused
toremove iteventhoughGeorge washandcuffedandunarmedandcontinuallysaid‘’Ican’tbreathe.’’
Where were his Civil rights as a citizen of America? Slavesdiedin violent inhumane ways too at the
hands of authorities and white communities. George’s protests must address racism in our societies
not juststoppingpolice violence.Aswiththe quote belowhow wouldyoufeel if youwere tolive as a
slave?
‘’WhereverIhearanyonearguing forslavery Ifeela strong impulseto seeit tried on thempersonally.’’
Abraham Lincoln
Rosa Parks
On December1st
,1955 a black woman namedRosaParks wascommutinghome ona bus aftera long
and tiringday at work.1950’s was a time of segregationwhere blackcitizensandwhite citizenslived
separately from each other. Black citizens sat on the back of the bus and white at the front. If there
were no seats available black citizens were expected to give their seat away. When Rosa Parks was
askedto give her seat to a white citizenshe refused.She wastiredof beingtreateddifferently.Rosa
Parks wrote in her biography the reason she refused to move was she was ‘’tired of giving in.’’ Her
resistance tomove was herpeacefulprotest.The busstoppedandtwopoliceofficersapproachedthe
bus and placed Rosa Park’s in custody all because she protested that she would not move from her
seat.It was her right to sit there and she shouldnot have beentreateddifferentlydue tothe colour
of her skin.
Again, as with George Floyd’s death, Montgomery, where Rosa Park’s lived organised protests in
honour of Rosa Park’s stand against racism she had experienced. Protestors both black and with
membersfromwhite communitiesheldprotestsandboycottedbuses.Rosa was fined $10 and $4 in
court costs. However,the momentumof the protestsreachednationalandinternational news. Their
protesting worked as on November 13th
, 1956 the supreme court ruled bus segregation was
unconstitutional and all protests ended December 20th
. Due to Rosa Parks act of resistance and the
protests she inspired things to change for the better and Rosa Park’s was known as the ‘’Mother of
the Civil Rights movement.’’ Will George Floyd’sprotestschange thing’sforthe bettertoo? Will itbe
a turning point in our history?
‘’I would like to be remembered as a person who wanted to be free so others would also be free’’
Rosa Parks
Emmett Hill
Black teenagerEmmettHill was 14 years of age in 1955. His violentdeathat the handsof two white
menafterbeingaccusedof whistling andmakingphysical advances ata white womanwasa defining
moment of post war American history. Emmett’s mother held an open casket funeral so everyone
could see what had happened to him. The excessively violent way Emmett died caused black
communitiesinthe southtomake anunprecedentedstandinspiringthe early Civil Rightsmovement.
Even after all the protests no one has ever been held accountable for Emmett’s kidnap and violent
death.AnFBI investigationwasopenedin2017 however Emmett’sfamilyhasneverhadjustice.Both
men were acquitted of Emmett’s death with an all-white jury. Later in their lives they admitted to
causing Emmett’s death and Carolyn Bryant the accuser even admitted to fabricating most of her
story. However, no justice has ever been served.
The justice forEmmettTill campaignhelpedtostimulatelegislationtoempowerfamiliesof victimsof
Civil Rights eradeaths. LikeGeorge Floyd Emmettdidnotdeservetodie. He wasnevergivenachance
to defend himself. Will Emmett ever get justice? Will Trayvon Martin ever get justice? Will Ahmaud
Arberyevergetjustice? WillGeorge Floydevergetjustice?Andall otherswhohave diedatthe hands
of violence and racism?
‘’Not everything that is faced can be changed. However, nothing can be changed until it is faced.’’
Timothy B Tyson
Martin Luther King Jr
Martin Luther King Jr was a social activistwho playeda key role in America’sCivil Rightsmovement.
Martin stoodfor equalityandhumanrightsforall black citizens.The verywordcitizenmeansyouare
entitledtoall the rightsand privilegesof a free person.Not all citizens can say theylive an equal life
with all rights and privileges they deserve. Martin stood for all black citizen’s, economically
disadvantaged and all victims of injustice through peaceful protest. He was the driving force behind
watershedeventssuchastheMontgomerybusboycottand1963protestMarchonWashingtonwhich
led to the Civil Rights act.
Heavily influencedby Mahatma Gandhi and Bayard Rustin Martin focused on organised non-violent
resistance.Martin’sinfluence especiallyhispeaceful non-violentprotestsandspeechescontinuously
gained momentum. He survived an early assassination attempt which further solidified his faith in
non-violentprotest.‘’Theexperience of theselastfewdayshasdeepenedmyfaithinthe relevance of
the spirit of non-violence. If necessary social change is peacefully to take place not one hair on one
head of one person should be harmed.’’
Blackcommunitiesweresegregatedfromwhitecommunities.Theywere setapartfromeachotherin
schools, workplace, shops, bars, public transport and more. This is not living free or living equally it
wasdehumanizingandoppressive.Therefore,blackcommunitiesbegantoprotest.MartinLutherKing
Jr organised protests, speeches, boycotts, and sit-ins to protest against segregation, non-fair hiring
practicesand all injustices.WhatMartin was effective inmostwaswithhis peaceful protestsandhis
inspiringspeechesincludinghisinfamous‘’Ihave adream’’speechhe delivered on28th
August 1963.
It was a call to action for equality and freedom. It became a defining moment for the Civil Rights
movement and one of the most iconic speeches in American and world history.
In keyparts of his speechMartinaddresseshow to achieve justice. He asksall to refrainfromhatred
and violentprotest.Martinencouragesall to recognise white personsactivelysupportCivil Rightsas
well andtheycannot accomplishtheirgoalsuntil theyall worktogether. Martin made the point 100
years after the emancipation proclamation black citizens are still not free. They are still affectedby
segregation and discrimination.
The Civil RightsMarch ledbyMartin was a march forequal jobrightsand freedom.250,000 attended
and 60,000 of them were white citizens. Overall, it was a peaceful protest.
What can George Floyd’s protests learn from Martin Luther King Jr peaceful non-violent protests?
What did Martin Luther King Jr accomplish using peaceful protests?
 Led the Montgomery bus boycott
 Was the first president of SCLU (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
 Led the Birmingham campaign
 Was instrumental in organisng the Great March on Washington
 Speeches intensified the Civil Rights movement
 Time magazine named Martin Luther King Jr ‘’Man of the Year in 1963 recognising him as a
fearless leader bringing equality to America. First black person to be on their cover
 Was behind black citizens getting basic civil rights
 Youngest recipient of the Nobel peace prize
 Achieved success using non-violent methods of protest
 Became a symbolic leader of black citizens
Key point’s from ‘’I have a dream’’ speech:
 ‘’Nowis the time to make the real promisesof democracy. Now is the time to rise from the
dark and desolate valleyof segregationtothe sunlitpathof racial justice.Now isthe time to
lift our nation from the quicksand’s of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.’’
 ‘’Whenwe allowfreedomtoring –whenwe letitring fromeverycityandeveryhamlet,from
everystate we willbe abletospeedupthatdaywhenall of God’schildren,black,white,Jews,
Protestantsand Catholic’s will be able to joinhands and sing ‘’free at last,free at last, Great
God almighty free at last.’’’’
 ‘’I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be
judged by the colour of their skin however by the content of their character.’’
 ‘’Ihave a dreamone day thisnation will rise andlive the meaningof itscreed.We holdthese
truths to be self-evident that we are all created equal.’’
 ‘’We cannot walkalone.As we walk, we must make a pledge thatwe shall march ahead.We
cannot turn back.’’
Before MartinLutherKing Jr wasassassinated, he ledapeaceful non-violentprotestanditis whathe
stood for. They were effective. He knew in order to achieve equality and justice they could not do
anything violent as it would detract from everything, he was trying to achieve which is why George
Floyd’s protests must be non-violent.Our focus must be on achieving justice and improving black
communities and police relations. Violent rioting, looting and attacking businesses is not the way
forward. It is not what Civil Rights leaders fought for and goes against what George Floyd’s death
stands for.
Overall, Martin Luther King Jr played a vital role in advancement of civil rights using peaceful
resistance.We all mustcarryonhis achievements usingpeacefulresistanceif we are tostop caseslike
George Floyd’s death ever happening again.
Trayvon Martin
Trayvon Martin’s image in his hoodie continues to symbolize engagement in the Civil Rights
movement. Trayvon Martin was a 17 years of age black teenager. On February 26th
, 2012 Trayvon
Martin was peacefully walking home from a trip to a convenience store.
George Zimmerman a white man and a neighbourhood watch volunteer took offense to seeing
TrayvonMartin andcalledthe police reportingTrayvonas someonewhoneedstobe watchedasthey
may cause danger. He treated Trayvon as a stereotype. Even though police asked George to not
approach him George followed and approached him anyway, and it resulted in an altercation and
George shooting unarmed Trayvon whothen died. All Trayvon was doing was walking home. Did he
deserve to die? Protests began to mobalise as Trayvon’s death angered the black communitiesand
more communities both nationally and internationally. Black Lives Matter movement was created.
George Zimmermanwasacquittedof Trayvon’sdeath ashe argued self-defensewhichcausedfurther
protests in a demand for justice. It inspired ‘’No Justice’’ marches across America. It gained a lot of
momentumincludingaspeechfrom America’sfirstblackpresident BarackObamasomethingthe Civil
rights leaders would have been proud of.
Change looked like it may happen however now we are facing George Floyd’s deathat the hands of
racial violence –aknee beingforciblyplacedonhisneck causinghisdeath fromawhite police officer.
Historykeepsrepeatingitself.Will orcaniteverstop?Onlyif enoughof usfromall communities take
action. Unity can bring change.
Why after the death of Trayvon Martin are, we still seeing deaths of black citizens at the hands of
systematic racism? Black communities are trying to heal their wounds. However, their wounds
continue to re-open.Will theirwoundseverheal? Historykeeps repeatingitself.Will George Floyd’s
death be any different? Will it be a tipping point for much needed change in our society? Every
generation isseeingandexperiencingracismand deaths.Theyare experiencingworldwide protests.
Every generationisasking‘’whyisthisstill happeningintoday’sworld?’’Change needstohappenin
all communitiesineveryperson’slife,includingwork,home,police departments,sports,schoolsetc.
Let our protestsforGeorge Floydbe a catalystfor change permanently. The racism, segregationand
violent attacks have been going on for centuries and needs to stop now. Nothing will change over
night however if we all keep going, we will eventually get there.
‘’Millions of tears have fallen for black sons, brothers, lovers and friends whose assailants took or
maimed their lives and simply went on their way’’
Aberjhani
George Floyd
George Floydwasafather,brother,sonandmore.He wasonagoodpathtryingtoturnhislife around.
George Floyd’s death is exactly what civil rights campaigners have been trying to fight against
happening. George Floyd was an unarmed black man who died at the hands of excessive police
violence.Idonotunderstandwhythe officerfelthe hadtoplace hisknee withforce on GeorgeFloyd's
neck as George was in handcuffs and unarmed and the police officer had support of other officers
there too.If theyhadto restrainhimwhynot holddownhisarms? WhenGeorge keptsaying"please
I can't breathe"multipletimesthe policeofficershouldhave removedhiskneeimmediately.Wasthis
force needed? No.
They even called an ambulance they wouldn't have done that if George was fine he clearly needed
medical assistance yet still the police officer felt he had to keep a knee with force on George's neck
until an ambulance arrived. Why? They could have held down his arms. There was more than one
officerthere meaningthe police officerwasnotinany danger.Whydidn'ttheycheckto see if he was
still breathing?Alsowhydidn'tthe otherofficersdoorsayanything?Insteadtheywatchedithappen.
He should not have died in this way.
What George didor didnot do (he was accused of using a counterfeitnote topay for his shopping it
has notbeenverified –alsowhere isthe counterfeit note?) wasnotworthlosinghislife over.Itcould
have been prevented. This is not the first time this has happened. The difference now is it is being
filmed for the world to see. Some police officers overstepping their mark is costing lives now lives
whichwill neverreturn.Whentraining,all police officersneedtobe veryclearon what theycan and
cannot doand alwaysfollowthroughonitappropriately.Theyhave apositionof authorityinsociety.
They have a code of conduct and principles to follow.
Appropriate actionneedstobe takensothis neverhappensagain. There is noplace forracism inour
societyor overuse of power.We needto stop eventslike thisfromhappeningagain.There are good
police officerswhoneedtomake astandnow.All police officersshouldbe here tobe trustedbyall in
society. We are stronger when we are all working together.
It issad the blackcommunityfeel like theyhave beenattackedagainandagain.George Floyd'sdeath
has really affected the blackcommunitypersonallybecause itisnotthe firsttime itis happened.Will
it be the last? All police forces need to send a clear message now that they will instill faith in all
communitiesinoursociety. Itistheirjobtoprotectusall insociety.Theytake anoath. Blackorethnic
communitiesinsociety shouldnothave tofeel liketheyare notbeingprotectedandneedprotection
from the police. We are not here to serve authorities. Authorities are here to serve us.
Excessive police violenceislegallydefinedasa Civil Rightsviolationwhere officers exercise excessive
force againsta civilian. Thisincludeshowevernotlimitedtophysical orverbal harassmentphysically
or mental injury,propertydamage ordeath. There have beennumerousexamplesall overourhistory
of police usingviolence onunarmedblackcitizens.The difference now isitisbeingfilmed forusall to
see.
During George Floyd’s protests we are seeing a lot of police using mace, physical violence, rubber
bullets driving their cars into protesting crowds injuring them. None of this is helping as it is causing
more anger and it is inspiring rioting and shops being attacked and looted. Violence is never the
answer.
However,we are alsoseeingpolice officersjoininginonpeacefulprotests.Theytooare kneelingwith
protesters and marching alongside themin solidarity much like Martin Luther King Jr wanted to see
happening. Those police officersare leadingthe wayforothersto follow. Thisisthe change we need
to see. Police and black communities working together is the only way forward.
It is goodto see there are police officer'sshowingsupportforGeorge Floyd.There needstobe more
relationshipcommunityofficersThere needstobe goodpolice andcommunityrelationsbetweenthe
police and the communities they serve. Good police and community relations are imperative for
developing trust between police and all citizens.
"It is clear that the way to heal society of its violence and lack of love is to replace the pyramid of
dominationwiththe circle of equality,love andrespect."We must stand unitedagainstintolerance.
There must be leadership in equality.
AsIhave written eventhoughthe civilrightsmovementsweresuccessfulingainingblackcommunities
rights and freedom against oppression there still are forms of racism everywhere. Police need to
reform themselves, re-educate themselves on diversity, inclusivity, and equality. They need to lead
the way and protect all communities they are here to serve.
The wayto change thingsis to redeemourhistoryandhumanity andto talkof racismand those who
are tryingto showresistance viapeaceful protest. In2016 black NFL athlete ColinKaepernicksilently
protested police violence on black citizens via peacefully kneeling during the national anthem at an
NFL game. He faceda backlash from NFL and communitiesacrossAmericawhicheffectedhiscareer.
He alsogainedsupporttoo. Howevernow afterthe deathof George Floydeveryone understands more
why he did it. Sports teams across our world are now silently kneeling in protest of George Floyd’s
death even police officers are kneeling in solidarity with protesters.
Letall our peaceful protestsnowstandforsomething suchasanendto racismand non-lawfulviolent
action from the police. Let there not be another Trayvon Martin and George Floyd. Let their deaths
inspire positive change. No more names.
Blacklivesmatterprotests –Theirwordsremaina vital sustaininginfluence inspreadingthe message
to those who may not have otherwise would not have taken notice or action.
Social media influencer’s, public figures, politicians and activists are using their voices and taking a
stand inhonourof George Floydand black communities.Theyandcitizens worldwide have attended
protests physically or via social media platforms to inspire change.
Please letthisbeaturningpointin ourhistory.Itistimetoenactpositivechange tohavetheirfreedom
to live as equals.
Now is the time to listen, learn and take action. Now is the time to ensure senseless deaths never
happen again. We have all come a long way however we keep finding ourselves again seeing
systematicracismhappeninginfrontof ourvery eyes.If we alljointogetherespeciallyblackandwhite
communities, we can make lasting change happen. When we all unite together, we can win.
How we can take action:
• We all needto playa role in resistingracismandviolence whereverwe see ithappening.If youare
ina safe place and canfilmortake photosof anact of racismand/orviolenceyouare witnessing,then
please do it as it will help the victim. Also, it is how we all knew of how George Floyd died as it was
filmed.
• We need to call on those in power to use their voices and influence to take positive action
• Our press needs to write in relationto race/ethnic minorities fairly as their readers are influenced
viawhattheyread.Our presscan shape how we see andtreatdifferentcommunities. Ourpressneed
to be able to freely broadcast protests and not be in any danger when doing so
• We need to organise and peacefully protest
• We need to support community relations organisations especially BAME organisations
• We need to support black/BAME owned businesses. Businesses need to invest in and promote
diversity in their workplace. We need to elevate their successes and achievements.
• We need to sign petitions
• We need to start social media campaigns
• We need to donate to charities which help BAME communities
• We need to educate ourselves and each other on racism and non-violence.
• We need to listen, learn, and take action now
• Police officersneedtoholdmeetingswiththeircommunitiesandlistentowhattheyhavetosayand
respond to them. They need to use their social media platforms to make it clear what appropriate
plans they have put in place to instill faith in all communities
• We need to vote for those who are going to make a difference and enact positive change
Police reform
I appreciate a lot of police officers do follow their codes of conduct and principles however it is also
clear that some do not. Which is why we need to react to what they are doing. There needs to be a
focus on how they recruit, train and promote police officers.
 More needs to be done to encourage ethnic minority police community relations officersto
become fully sworn officers
 There needsto be greateruse of positive actiontoencourage more ethnicminoritiestojoin
the police
 Researchneedstobe undertakentodeterminewhetherethnicofficersare disproportionately
subjected to disciplinary procedures and why
 Ethnic minority police officers should have equal chances of promotion
 Race and diversitytraining should be incorporated in every part of policing training rather
than being seen as a separate part of the course
 They needto be taught how not to use excessive violence andinsteadtobe trained in more
appropriate ways – safer ways for all
Celebrate black achievements
We need to celebrate black history and all their positive achievements from black historical figures,
businesses,artists,music,filmandsportamongstothers asithelpstoelevatethe blackcommunity in
a positive light and helps to eradicate racism.
Unity is strength
We needtolookinwardatourselves.We canstandagainstracism.We canstandagainstviolence.We
can stand for inclusion.We canstand for equality.We can standfor unity.We are strongertogether.
We can all take action together. We need to use our collective voices to act now. We need to keep
goinguntil we get there.Unityisstrength.Let it be a turningpointinour history.Standfor what you
believe in,forGeorge Floydandall others who shouldstill be here now.We are theirvoices. We are
all born equal.
We need to listen, learn, and take action now.
“Our lives begin to end the day we become silent over things that matter.” Martin Luther King Jr.
Rupinder K Gill
#GeorgeFloyd#BlackLivesMatter#PeacefulProtests #Equality#Peace #Spreadlove #Respect
#LDNBLM #StrongerTogether#NeverForget#WeAreHereForYou#MartinLutherKing#RosaParks
#TrayvonMartin #EmmettHill #AhmaudArbery #Slavery

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George Floyd: Black lives matter, peaceful protests and black history

  • 1. George Floyd: Black lives matter, peaceful protests and black history ‘’Ido notbelieve in the law of hate.I may not be trueto my idealsalwayshoweverIbelieve in the law of love. I believe you can do nothing with hatred.Iwould like to see a time when we forgeta person’s colour or creed. We will never be civilised until that time comes.’’ Clarence Darrow. When we unite together, we can win. In relation to George Floyd’s death I have spent the past few days educating myself on Black lives matterand black history inAmerica.I have mostlylearnedinthese timesit’snotenough tobe a non - racist (youare not a racist person) we needto be anti-racisttoo (challenge racismwhere yousee it happening). Anti-racism is needed to challenge systems and acts of injustice. Anti-racism includes beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism much like we are seeing in protests for justice for George Floyd’s death at the hands of excessive police violence. It is made a lotof us askourselves whywe allow blackcommunitiesto continuingly be attacked viaracists words and acts of violence especially at the hands of those who are here to protect us. It is important to note not all white police officers use excessive force against black persons or are racistswhichhas beenevidentseeinga lotof white policeofficersmarchingalongsidethe protesters at George Floydprotests.However,itisimportantto note there are racist police officerswhodouse excessiveforce andtheyneedtobe heldtoaccount which iswhatGeorge Floydprotestersare trying to do. More police and communityrelationsare needed inorderto protect black communitiesfrom acts of prejudice. One thing I have learned is black communities have been victims of racial discriminationall throughtheirhistoryandevidentlyitisstillhappeningtoday andnotjustfromwhite police officers it’swhite membersof the publictoo.We can no longerallow itto happen. In orderto protectourfuture generations, weneedtochallenge racialdiscriminationeverywhere weseeit. Black communities much like all ethnic communities lead two lives. How they see themselves and how society sees and treats them. It isinspiringtoseepeacefulprotests,all communitiesacrossourworld,everyone joiningtogetherfor black lives matter. When we unite together, we can win. I’m joining in solidarity with them too. Here is whatsome of my readingwasbasedon. I have chosento focuson Black livesmatter, slavery, Rosa Parks, EmmettHill,MartinLutherKingJr, TrayvonMartin and George Floyd – timeswhere black citizens have been raciallyoppressed.Americahasachieveda lot of positives andlandmarkchanges intheirhistory. However, itisvital torememberGeorge Floydcomesfromalongline of blackcitizens insocietywhohave facedracial discriminationandexcessiveviolence whichiswhatIamfocusingon. Black lives matter Blacklive matterwasfoundedafterthe unprovokeddeathof unarmedblackteenagerTrayvonMartin in 2013. Theiraim is to buildlocal powerto intervene onviolence inflictedonblackcommunitiesvia the state. They are building a world free of anti-blackness where every black person has the social, economic and political power to thrive in society. They embody and practice justice, liberation and peace in their engagements with one another. They are working for a world where black lives are systematicallytargetedfordemise. Alllivesmaymatterhoweverblacklivesmattermore now asthey are beingattacked. All black livesmatterand are strivingfor liberation.Theyare fightingfora world where they want their future generations to not just live however to thrive as equals to all. They do
  • 2. not wantanyone to face discriminationintheirlivesdue tothe colourof theirskin. All blackcitizen’s need to be given a fair chance at life. Trayvon Martin’s death in 2013 and now George Floyd’s death have movedblack and a lot of other communities including white communities into action. For over 400 years black communities have been fighting for their freedom. They have fought against slavery, racial violence, apartheid, segregation and for their civil rights. Even now today they are fighting for their lives. They deserve more thenwhattheyhave beengivenandmore importantlytheydeservetobe free from all formsof oppression. Itiswhyvotingisso vital.Votingforthose whoshare theirvision,make adifferenceand want to helptheircommunitiesthrive andkeepthemsafe from effectsof systematicracism. Today Blacklivesmatterare mobalisingandprotestinginternationallynotonlyforGeorge Floydhoweverfor all those who have died at the hands of police excessive violence and racism. They are giving the victimsa voice.Theyare takingaction.Thingsmustchange now historycannot keeprepeatingitself. Learn more here: https://blacklivesmatter.com/ Slavery Slaveryiswhere most black racism began. Whenslaveryhappenedin Americablackslaveswere not seenas or treatedas human.They were seenasobjects,commodities tobe soldand workas a slave forwhite communitiesforthe majorityof theirlives.A lotof Americawasbuiltonslavery.Slaveswere separated from their families. They were exploited and oppressed. They were not free they were dehumanisedinthepressandseenasbeinginferiortowhites.Theyfacedalotof racial discrimination. They faced a lot of unprovoked violence and a lot died at the hands of violent racism. They did not have a voice until resistancegroupsbothwhiteandblackstartedusingtheirvoicestoappeal forblack slaves to be free and equal to all. All black slaves deserved to be set free. No one is born withhate or racism it is taught and a productof our history.Duringslavery (and with apartheid) blackancestorswererobbedof liberty,of anopportunitytogainwealth,aneducationand basic dignity. Slavery ended because of protest and resistance gaining momentum from both black and white communities. Protests work especially peaceful protests. When slavery ended, although black slaves were free from slavery and free to live a free life, they still faced systematic racism, violence and segregation. White communities and authorities’ racist views and their fear of black persons were notgoingtochange overnightastheirprejudiceshave beeningrainedintheirminds for years, decades, centuries. Black communities in today’s world may not be slaves now however they are still facing racism and violence.George Floyd diedwhilstawhite policeofficerplacedakneeforciblyonhis neckandrefused toremove iteventhoughGeorge washandcuffedandunarmedandcontinuallysaid‘’Ican’tbreathe.’’ Where were his Civil rights as a citizen of America? Slavesdiedin violent inhumane ways too at the hands of authorities and white communities. George’s protests must address racism in our societies not juststoppingpolice violence.Aswiththe quote belowhow wouldyoufeel if youwere tolive as a slave? ‘’WhereverIhearanyonearguing forslavery Ifeela strong impulseto seeit tried on thempersonally.’’ Abraham Lincoln
  • 3. Rosa Parks On December1st ,1955 a black woman namedRosaParks wascommutinghome ona bus aftera long and tiringday at work.1950’s was a time of segregationwhere blackcitizensandwhite citizenslived separately from each other. Black citizens sat on the back of the bus and white at the front. If there were no seats available black citizens were expected to give their seat away. When Rosa Parks was askedto give her seat to a white citizenshe refused.She wastiredof beingtreateddifferently.Rosa Parks wrote in her biography the reason she refused to move was she was ‘’tired of giving in.’’ Her resistance tomove was herpeacefulprotest.The busstoppedandtwopoliceofficersapproachedthe bus and placed Rosa Park’s in custody all because she protested that she would not move from her seat.It was her right to sit there and she shouldnot have beentreateddifferentlydue tothe colour of her skin. Again, as with George Floyd’s death, Montgomery, where Rosa Park’s lived organised protests in honour of Rosa Park’s stand against racism she had experienced. Protestors both black and with membersfromwhite communitiesheldprotestsandboycottedbuses.Rosa was fined $10 and $4 in court costs. However,the momentumof the protestsreachednationalandinternational news. Their protesting worked as on November 13th , 1956 the supreme court ruled bus segregation was unconstitutional and all protests ended December 20th . Due to Rosa Parks act of resistance and the protests she inspired things to change for the better and Rosa Park’s was known as the ‘’Mother of the Civil Rights movement.’’ Will George Floyd’sprotestschange thing’sforthe bettertoo? Will itbe a turning point in our history? ‘’I would like to be remembered as a person who wanted to be free so others would also be free’’ Rosa Parks Emmett Hill Black teenagerEmmettHill was 14 years of age in 1955. His violentdeathat the handsof two white menafterbeingaccusedof whistling andmakingphysical advances ata white womanwasa defining moment of post war American history. Emmett’s mother held an open casket funeral so everyone could see what had happened to him. The excessively violent way Emmett died caused black communitiesinthe southtomake anunprecedentedstandinspiringthe early Civil Rightsmovement. Even after all the protests no one has ever been held accountable for Emmett’s kidnap and violent death.AnFBI investigationwasopenedin2017 however Emmett’sfamilyhasneverhadjustice.Both men were acquitted of Emmett’s death with an all-white jury. Later in their lives they admitted to causing Emmett’s death and Carolyn Bryant the accuser even admitted to fabricating most of her story. However, no justice has ever been served. The justice forEmmettTill campaignhelpedtostimulatelegislationtoempowerfamiliesof victimsof Civil Rights eradeaths. LikeGeorge Floyd Emmettdidnotdeservetodie. He wasnevergivenachance to defend himself. Will Emmett ever get justice? Will Trayvon Martin ever get justice? Will Ahmaud Arberyevergetjustice? WillGeorge Floydevergetjustice?Andall otherswhohave diedatthe hands of violence and racism? ‘’Not everything that is faced can be changed. However, nothing can be changed until it is faced.’’ Timothy B Tyson
  • 4. Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King Jr was a social activistwho playeda key role in America’sCivil Rightsmovement. Martin stoodfor equalityandhumanrightsforall black citizens.The verywordcitizenmeansyouare entitledtoall the rightsand privilegesof a free person.Not all citizens can say theylive an equal life with all rights and privileges they deserve. Martin stood for all black citizen’s, economically disadvantaged and all victims of injustice through peaceful protest. He was the driving force behind watershedeventssuchastheMontgomerybusboycottand1963protestMarchonWashingtonwhich led to the Civil Rights act. Heavily influencedby Mahatma Gandhi and Bayard Rustin Martin focused on organised non-violent resistance.Martin’sinfluence especiallyhispeaceful non-violentprotestsandspeechescontinuously gained momentum. He survived an early assassination attempt which further solidified his faith in non-violentprotest.‘’Theexperience of theselastfewdayshasdeepenedmyfaithinthe relevance of the spirit of non-violence. If necessary social change is peacefully to take place not one hair on one head of one person should be harmed.’’ Blackcommunitiesweresegregatedfromwhitecommunities.Theywere setapartfromeachotherin schools, workplace, shops, bars, public transport and more. This is not living free or living equally it wasdehumanizingandoppressive.Therefore,blackcommunitiesbegantoprotest.MartinLutherKing Jr organised protests, speeches, boycotts, and sit-ins to protest against segregation, non-fair hiring practicesand all injustices.WhatMartin was effective inmostwaswithhis peaceful protestsandhis inspiringspeechesincludinghisinfamous‘’Ihave adream’’speechhe delivered on28th August 1963. It was a call to action for equality and freedom. It became a defining moment for the Civil Rights movement and one of the most iconic speeches in American and world history. In keyparts of his speechMartinaddresseshow to achieve justice. He asksall to refrainfromhatred and violentprotest.Martinencouragesall to recognise white personsactivelysupportCivil Rightsas well andtheycannot accomplishtheirgoalsuntil theyall worktogether. Martin made the point 100 years after the emancipation proclamation black citizens are still not free. They are still affectedby segregation and discrimination. The Civil RightsMarch ledbyMartin was a march forequal jobrightsand freedom.250,000 attended and 60,000 of them were white citizens. Overall, it was a peaceful protest. What can George Floyd’s protests learn from Martin Luther King Jr peaceful non-violent protests? What did Martin Luther King Jr accomplish using peaceful protests?  Led the Montgomery bus boycott  Was the first president of SCLU (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)  Led the Birmingham campaign  Was instrumental in organisng the Great March on Washington  Speeches intensified the Civil Rights movement  Time magazine named Martin Luther King Jr ‘’Man of the Year in 1963 recognising him as a fearless leader bringing equality to America. First black person to be on their cover  Was behind black citizens getting basic civil rights  Youngest recipient of the Nobel peace prize
  • 5.  Achieved success using non-violent methods of protest  Became a symbolic leader of black citizens Key point’s from ‘’I have a dream’’ speech:  ‘’Nowis the time to make the real promisesof democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valleyof segregationtothe sunlitpathof racial justice.Now isthe time to lift our nation from the quicksand’s of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.’’  ‘’Whenwe allowfreedomtoring –whenwe letitring fromeverycityandeveryhamlet,from everystate we willbe abletospeedupthatdaywhenall of God’schildren,black,white,Jews, Protestantsand Catholic’s will be able to joinhands and sing ‘’free at last,free at last, Great God almighty free at last.’’’’  ‘’I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin however by the content of their character.’’  ‘’Ihave a dreamone day thisnation will rise andlive the meaningof itscreed.We holdthese truths to be self-evident that we are all created equal.’’  ‘’We cannot walkalone.As we walk, we must make a pledge thatwe shall march ahead.We cannot turn back.’’ Before MartinLutherKing Jr wasassassinated, he ledapeaceful non-violentprotestanditis whathe stood for. They were effective. He knew in order to achieve equality and justice they could not do anything violent as it would detract from everything, he was trying to achieve which is why George Floyd’s protests must be non-violent.Our focus must be on achieving justice and improving black communities and police relations. Violent rioting, looting and attacking businesses is not the way forward. It is not what Civil Rights leaders fought for and goes against what George Floyd’s death stands for. Overall, Martin Luther King Jr played a vital role in advancement of civil rights using peaceful resistance.We all mustcarryonhis achievements usingpeacefulresistanceif we are tostop caseslike George Floyd’s death ever happening again. Trayvon Martin Trayvon Martin’s image in his hoodie continues to symbolize engagement in the Civil Rights movement. Trayvon Martin was a 17 years of age black teenager. On February 26th , 2012 Trayvon Martin was peacefully walking home from a trip to a convenience store. George Zimmerman a white man and a neighbourhood watch volunteer took offense to seeing TrayvonMartin andcalledthe police reportingTrayvonas someonewhoneedstobe watchedasthey may cause danger. He treated Trayvon as a stereotype. Even though police asked George to not approach him George followed and approached him anyway, and it resulted in an altercation and George shooting unarmed Trayvon whothen died. All Trayvon was doing was walking home. Did he deserve to die? Protests began to mobalise as Trayvon’s death angered the black communitiesand more communities both nationally and internationally. Black Lives Matter movement was created. George Zimmermanwasacquittedof Trayvon’sdeath ashe argued self-defensewhichcausedfurther protests in a demand for justice. It inspired ‘’No Justice’’ marches across America. It gained a lot of
  • 6. momentumincludingaspeechfrom America’sfirstblackpresident BarackObamasomethingthe Civil rights leaders would have been proud of. Change looked like it may happen however now we are facing George Floyd’s deathat the hands of racial violence –aknee beingforciblyplacedonhisneck causinghisdeath fromawhite police officer. Historykeepsrepeatingitself.Will orcaniteverstop?Onlyif enoughof usfromall communities take action. Unity can bring change. Why after the death of Trayvon Martin are, we still seeing deaths of black citizens at the hands of systematic racism? Black communities are trying to heal their wounds. However, their wounds continue to re-open.Will theirwoundseverheal? Historykeeps repeatingitself.Will George Floyd’s death be any different? Will it be a tipping point for much needed change in our society? Every generation isseeingandexperiencingracismand deaths.Theyare experiencingworldwide protests. Every generationisasking‘’whyisthisstill happeningintoday’sworld?’’Change needstohappenin all communitiesineveryperson’slife,includingwork,home,police departments,sports,schoolsetc. Let our protestsforGeorge Floydbe a catalystfor change permanently. The racism, segregationand violent attacks have been going on for centuries and needs to stop now. Nothing will change over night however if we all keep going, we will eventually get there. ‘’Millions of tears have fallen for black sons, brothers, lovers and friends whose assailants took or maimed their lives and simply went on their way’’ Aberjhani George Floyd George Floydwasafather,brother,sonandmore.He wasonagoodpathtryingtoturnhislife around. George Floyd’s death is exactly what civil rights campaigners have been trying to fight against happening. George Floyd was an unarmed black man who died at the hands of excessive police violence.Idonotunderstandwhythe officerfelthe hadtoplace hisknee withforce on GeorgeFloyd's neck as George was in handcuffs and unarmed and the police officer had support of other officers there too.If theyhadto restrainhimwhynot holddownhisarms? WhenGeorge keptsaying"please I can't breathe"multipletimesthe policeofficershouldhave removedhiskneeimmediately.Wasthis force needed? No. They even called an ambulance they wouldn't have done that if George was fine he clearly needed medical assistance yet still the police officer felt he had to keep a knee with force on George's neck until an ambulance arrived. Why? They could have held down his arms. There was more than one officerthere meaningthe police officerwasnotinany danger.Whydidn'ttheycheckto see if he was still breathing?Alsowhydidn'tthe otherofficersdoorsayanything?Insteadtheywatchedithappen. He should not have died in this way. What George didor didnot do (he was accused of using a counterfeitnote topay for his shopping it has notbeenverified –alsowhere isthe counterfeit note?) wasnotworthlosinghislife over.Itcould have been prevented. This is not the first time this has happened. The difference now is it is being filmed for the world to see. Some police officers overstepping their mark is costing lives now lives whichwill neverreturn.Whentraining,all police officersneedtobe veryclearon what theycan and cannot doand alwaysfollowthroughonitappropriately.Theyhave apositionof authorityinsociety. They have a code of conduct and principles to follow.
  • 7. Appropriate actionneedstobe takensothis neverhappensagain. There is noplace forracism inour societyor overuse of power.We needto stop eventslike thisfromhappeningagain.There are good police officerswhoneedtomake astandnow.All police officersshouldbe here tobe trustedbyall in society. We are stronger when we are all working together. It issad the blackcommunityfeel like theyhave beenattackedagainandagain.George Floyd'sdeath has really affected the blackcommunitypersonallybecause itisnotthe firsttime itis happened.Will it be the last? All police forces need to send a clear message now that they will instill faith in all communitiesinoursociety. Itistheirjobtoprotectusall insociety.Theytake anoath. Blackorethnic communitiesinsociety shouldnothave tofeel liketheyare notbeingprotectedandneedprotection from the police. We are not here to serve authorities. Authorities are here to serve us. Excessive police violenceislegallydefinedasa Civil Rightsviolationwhere officers exercise excessive force againsta civilian. Thisincludeshowevernotlimitedtophysical orverbal harassmentphysically or mental injury,propertydamage ordeath. There have beennumerousexamplesall overourhistory of police usingviolence onunarmedblackcitizens.The difference now isitisbeingfilmed forusall to see. During George Floyd’s protests we are seeing a lot of police using mace, physical violence, rubber bullets driving their cars into protesting crowds injuring them. None of this is helping as it is causing more anger and it is inspiring rioting and shops being attacked and looted. Violence is never the answer. However,we are alsoseeingpolice officersjoininginonpeacefulprotests.Theytooare kneelingwith protesters and marching alongside themin solidarity much like Martin Luther King Jr wanted to see happening. Those police officersare leadingthe wayforothersto follow. Thisisthe change we need to see. Police and black communities working together is the only way forward. It is goodto see there are police officer'sshowingsupportforGeorge Floyd.There needstobe more relationshipcommunityofficersThere needstobe goodpolice andcommunityrelationsbetweenthe police and the communities they serve. Good police and community relations are imperative for developing trust between police and all citizens. "It is clear that the way to heal society of its violence and lack of love is to replace the pyramid of dominationwiththe circle of equality,love andrespect."We must stand unitedagainstintolerance. There must be leadership in equality. AsIhave written eventhoughthe civilrightsmovementsweresuccessfulingainingblackcommunities rights and freedom against oppression there still are forms of racism everywhere. Police need to reform themselves, re-educate themselves on diversity, inclusivity, and equality. They need to lead the way and protect all communities they are here to serve. The wayto change thingsis to redeemourhistoryandhumanity andto talkof racismand those who are tryingto showresistance viapeaceful protest. In2016 black NFL athlete ColinKaepernicksilently protested police violence on black citizens via peacefully kneeling during the national anthem at an NFL game. He faceda backlash from NFL and communitiesacrossAmericawhicheffectedhiscareer. He alsogainedsupporttoo. Howevernow afterthe deathof George Floydeveryone understands more why he did it. Sports teams across our world are now silently kneeling in protest of George Floyd’s death even police officers are kneeling in solidarity with protesters.
  • 8. Letall our peaceful protestsnowstandforsomething suchasanendto racismand non-lawfulviolent action from the police. Let there not be another Trayvon Martin and George Floyd. Let their deaths inspire positive change. No more names. Blacklivesmatterprotests –Theirwordsremaina vital sustaininginfluence inspreadingthe message to those who may not have otherwise would not have taken notice or action. Social media influencer’s, public figures, politicians and activists are using their voices and taking a stand inhonourof George Floydand black communities.Theyandcitizens worldwide have attended protests physically or via social media platforms to inspire change. Please letthisbeaturningpointin ourhistory.Itistimetoenactpositivechange tohavetheirfreedom to live as equals. Now is the time to listen, learn and take action. Now is the time to ensure senseless deaths never happen again. We have all come a long way however we keep finding ourselves again seeing systematicracismhappeninginfrontof ourvery eyes.If we alljointogetherespeciallyblackandwhite communities, we can make lasting change happen. When we all unite together, we can win. How we can take action: • We all needto playa role in resistingracismandviolence whereverwe see ithappening.If youare ina safe place and canfilmortake photosof anact of racismand/orviolenceyouare witnessing,then please do it as it will help the victim. Also, it is how we all knew of how George Floyd died as it was filmed. • We need to call on those in power to use their voices and influence to take positive action • Our press needs to write in relationto race/ethnic minorities fairly as their readers are influenced viawhattheyread.Our presscan shape how we see andtreatdifferentcommunities. Ourpressneed to be able to freely broadcast protests and not be in any danger when doing so • We need to organise and peacefully protest • We need to support community relations organisations especially BAME organisations • We need to support black/BAME owned businesses. Businesses need to invest in and promote diversity in their workplace. We need to elevate their successes and achievements. • We need to sign petitions • We need to start social media campaigns • We need to donate to charities which help BAME communities • We need to educate ourselves and each other on racism and non-violence. • We need to listen, learn, and take action now • Police officersneedtoholdmeetingswiththeircommunitiesandlistentowhattheyhavetosayand respond to them. They need to use their social media platforms to make it clear what appropriate plans they have put in place to instill faith in all communities • We need to vote for those who are going to make a difference and enact positive change
  • 9. Police reform I appreciate a lot of police officers do follow their codes of conduct and principles however it is also clear that some do not. Which is why we need to react to what they are doing. There needs to be a focus on how they recruit, train and promote police officers.  More needs to be done to encourage ethnic minority police community relations officersto become fully sworn officers  There needsto be greateruse of positive actiontoencourage more ethnicminoritiestojoin the police  Researchneedstobe undertakentodeterminewhetherethnicofficersare disproportionately subjected to disciplinary procedures and why  Ethnic minority police officers should have equal chances of promotion  Race and diversitytraining should be incorporated in every part of policing training rather than being seen as a separate part of the course  They needto be taught how not to use excessive violence andinsteadtobe trained in more appropriate ways – safer ways for all Celebrate black achievements We need to celebrate black history and all their positive achievements from black historical figures, businesses,artists,music,filmandsportamongstothers asithelpstoelevatethe blackcommunity in a positive light and helps to eradicate racism. Unity is strength We needtolookinwardatourselves.We canstandagainstracism.We canstandagainstviolence.We can stand for inclusion.We canstand for equality.We can standfor unity.We are strongertogether. We can all take action together. We need to use our collective voices to act now. We need to keep goinguntil we get there.Unityisstrength.Let it be a turningpointinour history.Standfor what you believe in,forGeorge Floydandall others who shouldstill be here now.We are theirvoices. We are all born equal. We need to listen, learn, and take action now. “Our lives begin to end the day we become silent over things that matter.” Martin Luther King Jr. Rupinder K Gill #GeorgeFloyd#BlackLivesMatter#PeacefulProtests #Equality#Peace #Spreadlove #Respect #LDNBLM #StrongerTogether#NeverForget#WeAreHereForYou#MartinLutherKing#RosaParks #TrayvonMartin #EmmettHill #AhmaudArbery #Slavery