GEOGRAPHY YEAR 9: BRAZIL. Presentation suitable for Geography Year 9 students, which contains: geography, borders, maps, flags, current leaders, etymology, currency, area, early and modern history, governance, foreign relations, military, topography and relief forms, rivers and lakes, climate, biodiversity, economy, natural resources, population and density, capital, largest cities, ethnic groups, language, religion, health system, education system and literacy, culture, personalities.
This Country Report of Brazil is a part of our International Marketing, which is conducted during the time of studying the subject International Marketing. The purpose we did the report is collecting and understanding more about Brazil in order to get more knowledge in another country, which could be a potential market for our future. All the information were collected from the Internet, read through and restructured by ourselves. The content of this report mainly divided in 2 parts: Cultural Analysis and Economical Analysis.
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This Brazil Power Point highlights these facts and much more including: 19 Points on General Information, 12 Points on Family Life, 12 Points on Food, 12 Points on Food Etiquette, 17 Points on Social Etiquette, 10 Points on Business Etiquette, and 8 Points on Trivia.
This Country Report of Brazil is a part of our International Marketing, which is conducted during the time of studying the subject International Marketing. The purpose we did the report is collecting and understanding more about Brazil in order to get more knowledge in another country, which could be a potential market for our future. All the information were collected from the Internet, read through and restructured by ourselves. The content of this report mainly divided in 2 parts: Cultural Analysis and Economical Analysis.
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Sanctum Business Consulting Pvt Ltd an visa and Immigration company has accelerated it's footprints by getting a wide recognition for world's rapid rising and one of the most fastest growing Indian firms specialized for privileging world class visa and immigration service's round the globe. We are one among the top visa and immigration consultants in India. We have wide speeded our presence among all geographical precedence of the globe by offering leading and certified immigration services for US, Australia, HK, UK, Canada, New Zealand, and still a long list to cover. We made ourselves stand identified with the recognition of world fastest growing immigration consultants. Our complete pool of skilled and expertise consultants will open up a perfect path for you as well as your grooming career to thrive excellence globally. We dedicatedly worked with an aim to serve our clients with excellent accomplishment and consistent results. We believe in crafting proactive and legitimate solutions which deliberately help our esteemed clients to reach their dreams & desires across all the platforms with an immense success. If your looking for any Visa and Immigration service contact Sanctum Consulting and our visa consultants would be there to guide you appropriately.
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This Brazil Power Point highlights these facts and much more including: 19 Points on General Information, 12 Points on Family Life, 12 Points on Food, 12 Points on Food Etiquette, 17 Points on Social Etiquette, 10 Points on Business Etiquette, and 8 Points on Trivia.
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCESGeorge Dumitrache
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE
On February 27, 1933, the German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down. The Nazi leadership and its coalition partners used the fire to claim that Communists were planning a violent uprising. They claimed that emergency legislation was needed to prevent this. The resulting act, commonly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, abolished a number of constitutional protections and paved the way for Nazi dictatorship.
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTXGeorge Dumitrache
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
Following Hitler’s appointment as chancellor the Nazis were finally in a position of power.
However, this power was limited, as the Nazis were just one party in a three party coalition government, under President Hindenburg.
This topic will explore how the Nazis managed to eliminate their opposition and consolidate ultimate power over Germany, whilst maintaining an illusion of democracy.
It will first explore this topic in chronological order, from the Reichstag Fire through to the death of President Hindenburg, and then explore it thematically in the last section. On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. The Nazis aimed to increase their share of the vote so that they would have a majority in the Reichstag. This would allow them to rule unopposed and unhindered by coalition governments.
Over the next two months, they launched themselves into an intense election campaign.
On 27 February 1933, as the campaign moved into its final, frantic days, the Reichstag, the German Parliament building, was set on fire and burnt down. An atmosphere of panic and terror followed the event.
This continued when a young Dutch communist, Van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime.
The Nazi Party used the atmosphere of panic to their advantage, encouraging anti-communism. Göring declared that the communists had planned a national uprising to overthrow the Weimar Republic. This hysteria helped to turn the public against the communists, one of the Nazis main opponents, and 4000 people were imprisoned.
The day after the fire, Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. On the 28 February 1933, President Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. This decree suspended the democratic aspects of the Weimar Republic and declared a state of emergency.
This decree gave the Nazis a legal basis for the persecution and oppression of any opponents, who were be framed as traitors to the republic. People could be imprisoned for any or no reason.
The decree also removed basic personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, the right to own property, and the right to trial before imprisonment.
Through these aspects the Nazis suppressed any opposition to their power, and were able to start the road from democracy to a dictatorship. The atmosphere of uncertainty following the Reichstag Fire secured many voters for the Nazi party.
The SA also ran a violent campaign of terror against any and all opponents of the Nazi regime. Many were terrified of voting of at all, and many turned to voting for the Nazi Party out of fear for their own safety. The elections were neither free or fair.
On the 5 March 1933, the elections took place, with an extremely high turnout of 89%.
The Nazis secured 43.9% of the vote.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 04. HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR 1933George Dumitrache
Hitler was not immediately appointed chancellor after the success of the July 1932 elections, despite being leader of the largest party in the Reichstag. It took the economic and political instability (with two more chancellors failing to stabilise the situation) to worsen, and the support of the conservative elite, to convince Hindenburg to appoint Hitler.
Hitler was sworn in as the chancellor of Germany on the 30 January 1933. The Nazis were now in power.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESSGeorge Dumitrache
The “Lean Years” (also called the "wilderness" years) of Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany refer to the period between 1924 and 1928 when the Nazi party did not have high levels of support and still suffered from humiliation over the Munich Putsch. Why where these years “lean”?
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929George Dumitrache
The period 1924-1929 was a time when the Weimar economy recovered and cultural life in Germany flourished. This dramatic turnabout happened in large part because of the role played by Gustav Stresemann who became Chancellor in August 1923 during the hyperinflation crisis.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 06. THE BEER HALL PUTSCH 1923George Dumitrache
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic. Approximately two thousand Nazis marched on the Feldherrnhalle, in the city centre, but were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the deaths of 16 Nazi Party members and four police officers. Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation for the first time and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicised and gave him a platform to express his nationalist sentiments to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated Mein Kampf to fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Once released, Hitler redirected his focus towards obtaining power through legal means rather than by revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATIONGeorge Dumitrache
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium, and misery for the general populace.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 03. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES IMPACT ON...George Dumitrache
Thanks to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's ability to produce revenue-generating coal and iron ore decreased. As war debts and reparations drained its coffers, the German government was unable to pay its debts. Some of the former World War I Allies didn't buy Germany's claim that it couldn't afford to pay.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 02. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918George Dumitrache
The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANYGeorge Dumitrache
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANY. This presentation covers the social, economic and political impact of war along with a brief analysis of the physical cost of war.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
ABYSSINIAN CRISIS. The Abyssinian Crisis was over in 1936. Italy and Mussolini continually ignored the League of Nations and fully annexed Abyssinia on May 9th 1936. The League of Nations was shown to be ineffective. The League had not stood up against one of the strongest members and fulfilled the promise of collective security.
Manchurian Crisis. On September 18, 1931, an explosion destroyed a section of railway track near the city of Mukden. The Japanese, who owned the railway, blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and used the opportunity to retaliate and invade Manchuria.
05. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Great Depression and LON.pptxGeorge Dumitrache
GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The Great Depression of 1930-33 meant people turned to extremist dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini, who were keen to invade other countries. This made it hard for the League to maintain peace. The League had some very ambitious plans and ideals – to stop war and make the world a better place.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. GEOGRAPHY
• Brazil is officially also known as the Federative Republic of Brazil.
• It is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
• As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the
largest country to have Portuguese as an official language–and the only
one in the Americas.
• Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse
wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources
spanning numerous protected habitats.
• Brazil is the only country in the world that has the equator and the Tropic
of Capricorn running through it.
3.
4. BORDERS
• Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of
7,491 km
• It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and
Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area.
• Brazil occupies a large area along the eastern coast of South America
and includes much of the continent's interior, sharing land borders
with Uruguay to the south; Argentina and Paraguay to the southwest;
Bolivia and Peru to the west; Colombia to the northwest; and
Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas department of
French Guiana to the north.
7. CURRENT LEADERS 2016
• President: Dilma Vana Rousseff was
born 14 December 1947, is a Brazilian
economist and politician currently
serving as the 36th President of Brazil,
the first woman to hold the office.
• She was previously the Chief of Staff of
President Luiz da Silva from 2005-2010.
• Following the commencement of
procedures of her impeachment trial
on 12 May 2016, her presidential
powers and duties have been removed
until her Senate trial ends.
8. ETYMOLOGY
• "Brazil" comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that
once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. In Portuguese,
brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given
the etymology "red like an ember", from Latin brasa ("ember").
• The official Portuguese name of the land was the "Land of the Holy
Cross" (Terra da Santa Cruz), but European sailors and merchants
commonly called it simply the "Land of Brazil" (Terra do Brasil) on
account of the brazilwood trade. Early sailors sometimes also called
it the "Land of Parrots" (Terra di Papaga).
• In the Guarani language, an official language of Paraguay, Brazil is
called "Pindorama". This was the name the indigenous population
gave to the region, meaning "land of the palm trees".
9. A Brazilwood tree is seen in the
foreground, located in Costa Pereira
Square, in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
10. CURRENCY
• The Real is the present-
day currency of Brazil.
• Its sign is R$ and its ISO
code is BRL.
• It is subdivided into 100
centavos ("Cents").
12. EARLY HISTORY
• One of the earliest human remains found in the Americas, Luzia
Woman, were found in the area of Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais and
provide evidence of human habitation going back 11,000 years.
• The land now called Brazil was claimed for the Portuguese Empire on
22 April 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese fleet commanded by
Pedro Álvares Cabral.
• In late 1807, Spanish and Napoleonic forces threatened the security
of continental Portugal, causing Prince Regent João, in the name of
Queen Maria I, to move the royal court from Lisbon to Brazil.
• The Brazilian War of Independence, which had already begun along
this process, spread through northern, northeastern regions and in
Cisplatina province. With the last Portuguese soldiers surrendering on
8 March 1824, Portugal officially recognized Brazil on 29 August 1825.
13. Megaliths in the Solstice Archaeological Park, in
Amapá, erected between 500 and 2000 years ago,
probably to carry out astronomical observations.
Representation of the landing of Pedro Álvares
Cabral in Porto Seguro, 1500.
14. MODERN HISTORY
• Getúlio Vargas supported by most of the military, successfully led the
Brazilian Revolution of 1930. Vargas committed suicide in August 1954 amid
a political crisis, after having returned to power by election in 1950.
• In World War II Brazil remained neutral until August 1942, when the country
entered on the allied side.
• With the enactment of the Amnesty Law in 1979, Brazil began a slow return
to democracy, completed during the 1980s. Nationwide protests broke out
in 2013 and 2014 primarily over public transport fares and government
expenditures on the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
• Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff secure a re-election with 51% of votes.
• Protests resumed in 2015 and 2016 in response to a corruption scandal and
a worsening economy, resulting in the impeachment of President Rousseff
and her suspension from office pending the outcome of a Senate trial.
15. Proclamation of the Republic,
1893, oil on canvas by
Benedito Calixto (1853–1927)
16. GOVERNANCE
• The form of government is that of a democratic federative republic, with
a presidential system.
• The president is both head of state and head of government of the
Union and is elected for a four-year term, with the possibility of re-
election for a second successive term.
• The current president is Dilma Rousseff, who was inaugurated on 1
January 2011.
• The President appoints the Ministers of State, who assist in government.
17.
18. FOREIGN RELATIONS
• Brazil's international relations are based on Article 4 of the Federal
Constitution, which establishes non-intervention, self-determination,
international cooperation and the peaceful settlement of conflicts as
the guiding principles of Brazil's relationship with other countries and
multilateral organizations.
• Brazil's foreign policy is a by-product of the country's unique position
as a regional power in Latin America, a leader among developing
countries, and an emerging world power.
• Brazilian foreign policy has generally been based on the principles of
multilateralism, peaceful dispute settlement, and non-intervention in
the affairs of other countries.
19. Diplomatic missions of Brazil:
Blue Dark - Nations hosting a diplomatic mission of Brazil
Grey - Nations with a non-resident mission of Brazil
20. MILITARY
• The armed forces of Brazil are the second largest in Latin America by
active personnel and the largest in terms of military equipment.
• It consists of the Brazilian Army (including the Army Aviation
Command), the Brazilian Navy (including the Marine Corps and Naval
Aviation), and the Brazilian Air Force.
• Brazil's conscription policy gives it one of the world's largest military
forces, estimated at more than 1.6 million reservist annually.
• Brazil has not been invaded since 1865 during the Paraguayan War.
• Brazil has no contested territorial disputes with any of its neighbours.
• The Brazilian military has also three times intervened militarily to
overthrow the Brazilian government.
• It has built a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping missions
such as in Haiti and East Timor.
22. TOPOGRAPHY AND RELIEF FORMS
• Brazilian topography is also diverse and includes hills, mountains,
plains, highlands, and scrublands. Much of the terrain lies between
200 metres and 800 metres in elevation.
• The northwestern parts of the plateau consist of broad, rolling terrain
broken by low, rounded hills. The southeastern section is rugged, with
a complex mass of ridges and mountain ranges reaching 1,200 m.
• These ranges include the Mantiqueira and Espinhaço mountains and
the Serra do Mar. In the north, the Guiana Highlands form a major
drainage divide, separating rivers that flow south into the Amazon
Basin from rivers that empty into the Orinoco River system.
• The highest point in Brazil is the Pico da Neblina at 2,994 metres, and
the lowest is the Atlantic Ocean.
23. Panorama of the Chapada Diamantina from the Pai Inácio Hill, in the Chapada Diamantina National Park, Bahia.
24. RIVERS AND LAKES
• Brazil has a dense and complex system of rivers, one of the world's
most extensive, with eight major drainage basins, all of which drain
into the Atlantic.
• Major rivers include the Amazon (the world's second-longest river
and the largest in terms of volume of water), the Paraná and its major
tributary the Iguaçu (which includes the Iguazu Falls), the Negro, São
Francisco, Xingu, Madeira and Tapajós rivers.
26. CLIMATE
• The climate of Brazil comprises a wide range of weather conditions
across a large area and varied topography, but most of the country is
tropical.
• According to the Köppen system, Brazil hosts five major climatic
subtypes: equatorial, tropical, semiarid, highland tropical, temperate,
and subtropical.
• The different climatic conditions produce environments ranging from
equatorial rainforests in the north and semiarid deserts in the
northeast, to temperate coniferous forests in the south and tropical
savannas in central Brazil.
• Many regions have starkly different microclimates.
28. MICROCLIMATES
• An equatorial climate characterizes much of northern Brazil.
• There is no real dry season, but there are some variations in the
period of the year when most rain falls.
• Temperatures average 25 °C, with more significant temperature
variation between night and day than between seasons.
• Over central Brazil rainfall is more seasonal, characteristic of a
savanna climate. This region is as extensive as the Amazon basin but
has a very different climate as it lies farther south at a higher altitude.
• The south enjoys subtropical conditions, with cool winters and
average annual temperatures not exceeding 18 °C; winter frosts and
snowfall are not rare in the highest areas.
30. BIODIVERSITY
• Brazil's large territory comprises different ecosystems, such as the
Amazon rainforest, recognized as having the greatest biological
diversity in the world, with the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado,
sustaining the greatest biodiversity.
• In the south, the Araucaria pine forest grows under temperate
conditions.
• The rich wildlife of Brazil reflects the variety of natural habitats.
Scientists estimate that the total number of plant and animal species
in Brazil could approach four million, mostly invertebrates.
32. FAUNA
• Larger mammals include carnivores pumas, jaguars, ocelots, rare bush
dogs, and foxes, and herbivores peccaries, tapirs, anteaters, sloths,
opossums, and armadillos.
• Deer are plentiful in the south, and many species of New World
monkeys are found in the northern rain forests.
• Concern for the environment has grown in response to global interest
in environmental issues.
• Brazil's Amazon Basin is home to an extremely diverse array of fish
species, including the red-bellied piranha. Despite its reputation as a
ferocious freshwater fish, the red-bellied piranha is actually a
generally timid scavenger.
33. Female pantanal jaguar in Piquiri
River, Pantanal. The jaguar is a
wild animal typical of Brazil.
34. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
• The natural heritage of Brazil is severely threatened by cattle ranching
and agriculture, logging, mining, resettlement, oil and gas extraction,
over-fishing, wildlife trade, dams and infrastructure, water pollution,
climate change, fire, and invasive species.
• In many areas of the country, the natural environment is threatened
by development.
• Construction of highways has opened up previously remote areas for
agriculture and settlement; dams have flooded valleys and inundated
wildlife habitats; and mines have scarred and polluted the landscape.
• At least 70 dams are said to be planned for the Amazon region,
including the controversial Belo Monte hydroelectric dam.
35. After relevant geographic and technical modifications are made, the project is re–baptized once again,
this time as the Belo Monte Hydroelectric.
36. ECONOMY
• Brazil is the largest national economy in Latin America, the world's
eight largest economy at market exchange rates and the seventh
largest in purchasing power parity (PPP), according to the
International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
• Brazil has a mixed economy with abundant natural resources. After
rapid growth in preceding decades, the country entered an ongoing
recession in 2014 amid a political corruption scandal and protests.
• Its current GDP (PPP) per capita is $15,153 in 2014 putting Brazil in
the 77th position. Active in agricultural, mining, manufacturing and
service sectors Brazil has a labour force of over a 107 million (ranking
6th worldwide) and unemployment of 6.2% (64th worldwide).
38. ENERGY
• Brazil is the world's tenth largest energy consumer with much of its
energy coming from renewable sources, particularly hydroelectricity and
ethanol; the Itaipu Dam is the world's largest hydroelectric plant by
energy generation.
39. The Itaipu Dam on the Paraná River, located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay, is the
second largest of the world (the first is the Three Gorges Dam, in China). Approximately 75% of
the Brazilian energy matrix, one of the cleanest in the world, comes from hydropower.
40. NATURAL RESOURCES
• Bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin,
rare earth elements, uranium, petroleum, hydropower and timber.
• With its ideal agricultural climate, Brazil boasts a healthy export trade
in coffee, sugar, soya beans, textiles and electrical equipment.
• Brazil is one of the largest producer of oranges, coffee, sugar cane,
cassava and sisal, soybeans and papayas.
• Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing
accounted for 5.1% of the gross domestic product in 2007.
41.
42. POPULATION AND DENSITY
• The population of Brazil, as recorded by the 2008 PNAD, was
approximately 190 million (22.31 inhabitants per square kilometre).
• The ratio of men to women is 0.95:1
• 83.75% of the population is defined as urban
44. CAPITAL
• Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the
Federal District.
• The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-
western region.
• It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital.
• Brasília and its metro (encompassing the whole of the Federal
District) had a population of 2,556,149 in 2011, making it the 4th
most populous city in Brazil.
46. LARGEST CITIES: SAO PAULO
• Sao Paulo is a municipality located in the southeast region of Brazil.
The metropolis is an alpha global city — and is the most populous city
in Brazil, the Americas, and the Southern Hemisphere.
• The municipality is also Earth's 12th largest city proper by population.
• The city is the capital of the homonymous state of São Paulo, Brazil's
most populous and wealthiest state.
• The name of the city honours Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's
metropolitan area of Greater São Paulo ranks as the most populous in
Brazil and the 11th most populous on Earth.
• Sao Paulo’s population in the metro area is 21,090,791.
47.
48. LARGEST CITIES: RIO DE JANEIRO
• Rio de Janeiro or simply Rio, is the second most populous
municipality in Brazil and the sixth most populous in the Americas.
• The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, the
second most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and seventh most
populous in the Americas.
• Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third
most populous state.
• Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named
"Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the
Sea“.
• Rio’s population is 12,090,607.
49.
50. ETHNIC GROUPS
• 48.43% of the population (about 92 million) described themselves as
White; 43.80% (about 83 million) as Pardo (brown), 6.84% (about 13
million) as Black; 0.58% (about 1.1 million) as Asian; and 0.28%
(about 536 thousand) as Amerindian (officially called indígena,
Indigenous), while 0.07% (about 130 thousand) did not declare their
race.
• About five million people from over 60 countries migrated to Brazil
between 1808 and 1972, most of them of Portuguese, Italian,
Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Polish, Jewish, Russian, Chinese,
Japanese, and Arab origin.
52. LANGUAGE
• The official language of Brazil is Portuguese (Article 13 of the
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil), which almost all of the
population speaks and is virtually the only language used in
newspapers, radio, television, and for business and administrative
purposes.
• The most famous exception to this is a strong sign language law that
was passed by the National Congress of Brazil.
53. Museum of the Portuguese Language in São Paulo, Brazil
54. RELIGION
• Religion in Brazil formed from the meeting of the Catholic Church with the
religious traditions of enslaved African peoples and indigenous peoples.
• Religious pluralism increased during the 20th century, and the Protestant
community has grown to include over 22% of the population.
• Roman Catholicism is the country's predominant faith.
• Brazil has the world's largest Catholic population.
• 73.57% of the population followed Roman Catholicism; 15.41%
Protestantism; 1.33% Kardecist spiritism; 1.22% other Christian
denominations; 0.31% Afro-Brazilian religions; 0.13% Buddhism; 0.05%
Judaism; 0.02% Islam; 0.01% Amerindian religions; 0.59% other religions,
undeclared or undetermined; while 7.35% have no religion.
55. Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida in
Aparecida do Norte, São Paulo, is the second largest Catholic
church in the world.
56. HEALTH SYSTEM
• The Brazilian public health system, the National Health System (SUS), is
managed and provided by all levels of government. The public health
services are universal and available to all citizens of the country for free.
• Millions of affluent Brazilians have private health care coverage.
• According to the Brazilian Government, the most serious health problems
are:
• Childhood mortality: about 2.51% of childhood mortality, reaching 3.77% in the
northeast region.
• Motherhood mortality: about 73.1 deaths per 100,000 born children in 2002.
• Mortality by non-transmissible illness: 151.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants caused by
heart and circulatory diseases, 72.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants caused by cancer.
• Mortality caused by external causes (transportation, violence and suicide): 71.7 deaths
per 100,000 inhabitants (14.9% of all deaths in the country), reaching 82.3 deaths in
the southeast region.
57. The Albert Einstein Hospital in
São Paulo is one of the most well-
known health units in Brazil.
58. EDUCATION SYSTEM AND LITERACY
• The Federal Constitution and the Law of Guidelines and Bases of
National Education determine that the Federal Government, States,
Federal District and municipalities must manage and organize their
respective education systems.
• The constitution reserves 25% of the state budget and 18% of federal
taxes and municipal taxes for education.
• The literacy rate of the population is 90.4%, meaning that 13 million
(9.6% of population) people are still illiterate in the country;
functional illiteracy has reached 21.6% of the population.
• Illiteracy is highest in the Northeast, where 19.9% of the population is
illiterate.
59. CULTURE AND SPORT
• Rio Carnival
• The most popular sport in Brazil is football.
• The Brazilian men's national team is ranked among the best in the
world according to the FIFA World Rankings, and has won the World
Cup tournament a record five times.
• Pele is considered the best football player in the history of soccer.
• Ayrton Senna was one of the greatest F1 racer.