The document summarizes drainage systems and water resources in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa. It describes that about 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, with 97.5% found in oceans and 2.5% as freshwater. In Ethiopia, the diverse topography and proximity to the equator result in large surface and groundwater resources. The major drainage systems in Ethiopia are the Western, Southeastern, and Rift Valley systems, which include many important rivers like the Blue Nile, Awash, and others. Ethiopia's lakes are also described, which are mostly located in the Rift Valley system. The document outlines the hydroelectric, irrigation, transportation, fishing, and recreation importance