The document discusses geodetic systems and point positioning, outlining fundamental concepts, tools like GNSS and theodolites, and future challenges. It details applications including surveying, navigation, and precision agriculture, emphasizing the importance of tools like RTK and PPP for accurate measurements. The conclusion highlights advancements in geodetic technologies and their implications for urban planning and environmental monitoring.

1. Geodetic System &
Point Positioning
Presented by
Group-4
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2. ✓ Introduction
✓ Fundamental Concept
✓ Tools and Techniques
✓ Challenges, Application and Future
✓ Case Studies and Conclusion
✓ QNA
Contents

3. GEODETIC SYSTEM
Geodetic systems provide a
framework for accurately measuring
and representing the Earth's
surface.

4. Geodetic Coordinate System
● Geodetic coordinate system is a
mathematical tool used for describing
locations on and near the Earth's surface.
● latitude, longitude, and altitude,

5. Latitude
● Latitude measures how far north or south
a place is from the equator
● Latitude values are positive to the north,
negative to the south.
● Zero degrees of latitude is the line of
equator.

6. Longitude
● Longitude is measured in degrees
east or west of the prime meridian.
● The prime runs through Greenwich,
London, and separates the eastern
and western hemispheres.

7. Elevation
● Elevation tells us how high or low
something is above see level.
Measurement of Height
Adding another Dimension- the
“Ups and down” with
Combining Latitude and
Longitude, we get a 3D map.

8. POINT POSITIONING
The process of determining the precise
coordinates of a specific point on the
Earth's surface.

9. GEOID
A geoid is a model that
represents the shape of the
Earth's gravitational field

10. Geodetic Datum
● A geodetic datum is a global datum
reference frame for precisely representing
the position of locations on Earth or other
planetary bodies by means of geodetic
coordinates.
● The common Two types of Datum including:
1. Horizontal
2. Vertical

12. Concepts
1. GNSS
2. THEODOLITES
3. TOTAL STATION
Tools

13. GNSS
▪ Global Navigation Satellite System
The capabilities of Global Navigation Satellite
Systems. Including
GNSS is a network of satellites that
provide location and time information
to GPS receivers.
GNSS performs using 4 criteria
1. Accuracy
2. Integrity
3. Continuity
4. Availability
MAPPING
Locate features that can
be incorporated into GIS
NAVIGATION
GNSS enables precise
location and navigation
using signals from
satellites.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
such as GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo play a
vital role in point positioning.

14. Total Station
vs

15. Concepts
Methods or approaches used to process,
analyze, or enhance the accuracy of
measurements taken with these tools.
e.g RTK
Techniques

16. RTK
▪ RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) is a satellite-
based navigation system
▪ calculate position estimates with high
accuracy in real-time
▪ useful in applications such as
transportation, agriculture, mining, and
surveying.

17. PPP
▪ Precision Point Positioning (PPP) is a
satellite-based technology
▪ provides high-accuracy, low-cost location
tracking and mapping.
▪ PPP combines signals from multiple
Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites
to determine the receiver's location.

19. REMOTE SENSING
▪ Remote sensing is a way of observing the
Earth from a distance, using satellites,
aircraft, or drones.
▪ It uses special cameras or sensors
that detect the energy reflected or emitted
by the Earth's surface or atmosphere

21. GIS
▪ Geographic Information System, is a computer-based tool
▪ Used for capturing, managing, and analyzing all forms
of geographically referenced information
▪ It helps users visualize, understand, interpret and
analyze.
▪ can be used in various fields including urban planning,
natural resources management, public health, and
emergency management.

23. Challenges in Geodetic
Systems
Some of the challenges that
can arise in geodetic systems
include:
● Accuracy:
● Data collection:
● Variation in the Earth

24. Real-World Applications
Exploring the diverse applications of precise point
positioning. Including,
Surveying
The collection of precise
location data for various
applications, including land
surveying, geodetic
measurements, and other
positioning tasks.
Navigation
Determining precise
coordinates for a receiver's
location using signals from
global navigation satellite
systems (GNSS).
Precision
Agriculture
Contributes to precision
agriculture by providing high-
precision and accurate
positioning information for
agricultural activities.

25. Future
❖ High-precision global satellite systems, like GPS III,
will continue advancing geodetic positioning
capabilities in the future.
❖ Emerging technologies such as Real-Time
Kinematic (RTK) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are
set to enhance point positioning accuracy and
efficiency.
❖ The growing use of IoT devices will increase
demand for precise positioning, leading to
widespread adoption across various application.

27. High-Precision
Surveying
● GNSS guide machinery for
accurate farming and
optimizing resourse use.

28. Urban Planning
● Geodetic Systems help precise
mapping and ensuring organized
development.
● It helps to create detailed maps.

29. c
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
✓ Environmental monitoring includes
monitoring of air quality, soils and
water quality

30. Thank you for joining us on this
exploration of geodetic system &
Point Positioning
CONCLUSION