Genral code sub floor
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The document defines terminology used for framing members in floors, walls and ceilings. It describes vertical nail lamination, which allows using thinner laminated sections to achieve required sizes. Loads are distributed equally between support points, with half the load carried to each support. Floor load width considers the width contributing floor load to a supporting member. Roof load width similarly considers the width contributing roof load distributed to each support. Spans are defined as single or continuous, and bearing area must not be less than required. Alternative materials or methods can be used if they satisfy building code requirements. The main forces on buildings are dead loads from weight, live loads from occupancy, and wind loads.
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1. The document analyzes the effective use of shelves in cantilever retaining walls. It compares cantilever retaining walls without shelves, with single shelves, and with double shelves.
2. The analysis finds that a single shelf located at 7/12 of the stem height is most effective for reducing lateral earth pressure and increasing stability.
3. For double shelf walls, shelves located at 4/12 and 7/12 of the stem height provide the greatest benefits in terms of reduced material needs and increased stability compared to walls without shelves.
A Critical Review of Flat Slabs under different parameters
This document provides a critical review of flat slab design under different parameters. It discusses the types of flat slabs, design considerations like slab thickness and reinforcement, and analyses the behavior of flat slabs under various loads and conditions. The key findings are that flat slab structures can be 15% less expensive than traditional slabs, and are better suited for high-rise buildings due to cost savings, aesthetic benefits, and architectural flexibility. However, flat slabs may experience greater displacements and bending moments than traditional slabs in seismic conditions due to lower lateral stiffness.
SAR_OCTOBER_2014_LCP
This document discusses the importance of properly designed and erected roof trusses. It notes that homeowners and developers must trust that the trusses are built to industry standards. The document then provides details on:
- How trusses are designed to span large distances and support loads
- How trusses connect to wall plates and need to transfer loads properly
- The importance of considering horizontal deflection in truss and wall design
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Chapter 2 (load calculation)mostafa
This document discusses load calculation methods for building structures. It describes different types of loads including dead loads from structural elements, live loads from movable objects, and lateral loads from wind and earthquakes. It provides details on calculating dead loads for reinforced concrete slabs, including slab thickness determination using span length. An example calculation is given for the dead load per meter of a ribbed one-way slab based on the thickness, material densities, and weights of slab components like tiles, mortar, fill, and hollow blocks. The total calculated dead load for this example slab is 10.33 kN/m2.
Seismic Response of Structure with Single Core
Shear walls and outriggers have been used so far to resist the seismic waves of earthquake and heavy winds actions. The complete failure of the structures that has occurred in the past due to catastrophic earthquake may be avoided with the use of shear wall in the structure. The study is concerned with the use of shear wall as a single core in structure that will resist the seismic waves of earthquake. In the present study analysis of RCC building has been carried out by changing the locations of shear walls in the building. The seismic analysis performed is linear dynamic response spectrum analysis using the well known analysis and design software ETABS 16.2.0. Seismic performance of the building has been investigated based on parameters such as strorey drift, base shear and storey displacement. Belsare Sumit Bandopanth | Dilip Budhlani "Seismic Response of Structure with Single Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30851.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30851/seismic-response-of-structure-with-single-core/belsare-sumit-bandopanth
6.ce_483_mat_foundation_38-39_i.pdf
1. Mat foundations, also called raft foundations, consist of a concrete slab placed under an entire building that spreads loads across a large area.
2. Mat foundations are used when isolated and combined footings would take up over 50% of the structure area or when soil bearing capacity is low.
3. Common types of mat foundations include flat plates of uniform thickness, flat plates thickened under columns, and slabs with basement walls acting as stiffeners.
Similar to Genral code sub floor (20)
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Effective Use of Shelves in Cantilever Retaining Walls
A Critical Review of Flat Slabs under different parameters
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Steel & Timber Design according to British Standard
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Genral code sub floor
- 1. SECTION 2 - TERMINOLOGY AND GENERAL
- 2. 2.1 GENERAL The terminology and definitions given in this Section shall be used in conjunction with the requirements of this Standard. The terminology used by the building industry varies greatly between states, regions within states and even between those working in the same region. Where possible, the more commonly used terms have been adopted by this standard.
- 3. FIGURE 2.1 FRAMING MEMBERS — FLOOR, WALL AND CEILING
- 4. 2.3 VERTICAL NAIL LAMINATION Vertical nail lamination shall be permitted to achieve the required breadth for larger section sizes given in the Span Tables in the Supplements using thinner and more readily obtainable sections. This is only permissible using seasoned timber laminations of the same timber type (e.g. hardwood + hardwood, softwood + softwood) and stress grade.
- 5. The term 'vertical nail lamination' is used because the loads applied to a house frame are predominantly vertical. The load applied to nail laminated timber must always be in the direction of the depth of the timber and at 90 O to the nails.
- 6. If the load on a nail laminated member is in the opposite direction to the depth and in line with the nails, the nails will be insufficient to prevent movement between the two pieces. Due to this movement or 'slippage' between the pieces they will act individually rather than as a single member.
- 7. The nail size and spacing that applies to 'vertical nail lamination' is also applicable to members used horizontally where the direction of the applied load is horizontal.
- 8. Loads are distributed equally between points of support. Of the total load on MEMBER X, half (2000mm) will be supported by the beam or wall at A and half (2000mm) will be supported by the beam or wall at B.
- 9. If MEMBER X is supported at 3 or more points, it is assumed that half the load carried by the spans either side of supports will be equally distributed. Beam A will carry 1000 mm of load, Beam B will carry 1000 mm plus the 2000 mm on the other side, and Beam C will carry 2000 mm.
- 10. 2.6.2 Floor load width Floor load width ( FLW ) is the contributory width of floor, measured horizontally, that imparts floor load to a supporting member. FLW shall be used as an input to Span Tables in the Supplements for all bearers and lower storey wall framing members
- 11. Of the load on a floor joist, it is assumed that half will go to the bearer on one end and half to the bearer on the other end. So floor load width (FLW) is simply half the floor joist span on either side of the bearer, added together. The only exception is where there is a cantilever. In this situation, the total cantilever distance is included.
- 12. Of the roof load on members such as rafters and trusses, half will go to the supporting wall or beam on one end and half to the supporting wall or beam on the other end. 2.6.4 Roof load width ( RLW ) cont’d. Roof load width (RLW) is simply half the particular member’s span, between support point, plus any overhang, and is measured on the rake of the roof.
- 13. 2.7.5.3 Single Span The span of a member supported at or near both ends with no immediate supports. This includes the case where members are partially cut through over intermediate supports to remove spring (see Figures 2.18(c) and 2.18(d)). (c) Two supports (d) Joint or sawcut over supports FIGURE 2.18 SPACING AND SPAN
- 14. 2.7.5.4 Continuous Span The term applied to members supported at or near both ends and at one or more intermediate points such that no span is greater than twice another (see Figure 2.18(e)). FIGURE 2.18 SPACING AND SPAN (d) Continuous span NOTE: The design span is the average span unless one span is more than 10% longer than another, in which case the design span is the longest span.
- 16. (a) Bearers and joists FIGURE 2.18 SPACING AND SPAN
- 17. 1.12 BEARING Where the bearing area is achieved using a non-rectangular area such as a splayed joint, the equivalent bearing area shall not be less than that required above.
- 18. This Standard does not preclude the use of framing or fastening methods or materials other than those specified. Alternatives may be used , provided they satisfy the requirements of the Building Code of Australia . 1.3 USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS OR METHODS
- 19. This Standard does not preclude the use of framing or fastening methods or materials other than those specified. Alternatives may be used , provided they satisfy the requirements of the Building Code of Australia . 1.3 USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS OR METHODS
- 22. This may be any member that supports roof and/or floor loads
- 23. This may be any member that supports roof and/or floor loads
- 24. This may be any member that supports roof and/or floor loads
- 25. This may be any member that supports roof and/or floor loads
- 26. An example of this is where a strutting beam or girder truss is supported by a lintel. This lintel needs to be designed for this point load. The jamb studs will also need to be designed to carry this extra load as well as the structure that supports these jamb studs.
- 27. An example of this is where a strutting beam or girder truss is supported by a lintel. This lintel needs to be designed for this point load. The jamb studs will also need to be designed to carry this extra load as well as the structure that supports these jamb studs.