This document discusses genetically modified foods and crops. It begins by explaining common genetic modification techniques like gene insertion and deletion using methods like the gene gun. It then notes that between 1997 and 2005, the global area of land used for GM crops increased 50-fold. Monsanto is discussed as having a near-monopoly on agricultural seeds through numerous acquisitions. Issues discussed include potential benefits like pest and drought resistance but also risks of reduced pesticide effectiveness, gene transfer to other species, and unknown human health impacts. The document concludes by noting that many common foods contain GM ingredients like soy and corn.

1. Genetically Modified Foods Jaak Kalja

2. Method Insertion(lisamine) or deletion(kustutamine) of genes. Artificial transfering between different organisms. Gene gun.

3. Growing Genetically Modified Crops Between 1997 and 2005, the total surface area of land cultivated with GMOs had increased by a factor of 50, from 17,000 km2 (4.2 million acres) to 900,000 km2 (222 million acres). Growing intrest in developing countries. MONSANTO

4. MONSANTO ( total monopoly in that area ) Bought ~ 90% of the agricultural seed companies. ( funded by the government ) Roundup 10% tax to the farmers Total addiction – once you go GMO, there’s no turning back! Farmers had no other option.

5. Economic and Political Effects Geneticallyengineered crops claim they lower pesticide usage and have brought higher yields and profitability to many farmers USAs export to Europe has decreased by 20% Numerous bans to reduse GMO usage

6. Helpful or Harmful? Helpful Harmful Pest resistance. Herbicide tolerance. Disease resistance. Cold tolerance. Drought tolerance/salinity (soolsus) tolerance. Helpful for malnutrition in developing countries. Unintended harm to other organisms Reduced effectiveness of pesticides Gene transfer to non-target species Unknown risk that the future might bring.

8. Unknown effects on human health

9. Toxicity

10. Specific components thought to have nutritional or toxic properties

11. Stability of the inserted gene

13. Apples

14. Sweet bell peppers

15. Celery

16. Nectarines

17. Cherries

18. Potaoes

19. Pears

20. Lettuce

21. Grape

22. Strawberry

23. Tomatoes

24. Spinac

25. And ofcourse basically every soybean and crop of corn is produced by genetical modification. Soybean Corn

26. GMOs in Estonia Most of the GMOs are found in junk foods - ( burgers – meat ( soy etc ) ) Tests on processed foods ( 49 ) About 75% of soy; 5% corn Estonia and all Europe is fighting against GMOs and so far Estonia don’t have very much of it 

27. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING Do hesitate to ask !