While boys have traditionally had an advantage in math and science, and girls in verbal skills, the document notes that girls now outperform boys academically based on higher rates of girls being on the honor roll, student council, and in leadership roles. However, boys have higher dropout rates and disciplinary issues, though this differs in affluent areas. The document suggests paying closer attention to how boys learn, applying material to real life, but finds research on the causes of these gender differences to be vague and inconclusive. Educators should strive for equality in academic achievement between boys and girls.