The document discusses a longitudinal study from 2010-2011 that assessed reading, mathematics, and science skills of kindergarteners. It notes that older kindergarteners scored higher on math tests than younger ones, and females typically scored higher than males on reading assessments. The presenter hypothesizes that children in kindergarten will score higher on assessments than those not in kindergarten, demonstrating the importance of kindergarten. A proposed research method would compare assessment results of 100 same-age children who either attended kindergarten or did not.